ANNUAL REPORT
2009
Leading Institute: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Associated Institutions
Instituto de Botânica do São Paulo (IBt)
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
Jardim Botânico do Rio of Janeiro (JBRJ)
Museu Nacional (MN/UFRJ)
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS)
Universidade Federal de Paraíba (UFPB)
Centro of Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA)
Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP)
Colaboradores
internacionais
International collaborators
NYBG MOBOT MNF CoL
IBt
UFPB
INPA
JBRJ
UEFS
MNRJ
UFPE
CRIA
RNP
National collaborators
Colaboradores
nacionais
IPA TEPB ASE UFG EAN UEL
CEPEC HST BHCB EAC SPF UFRN MOSS IMA PEUFR UB HFSL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Introduction
1
2.Participants
2
3.Research Program in Taxonomy
5
4.Training
7
Best practices
7
New taxonomists
7
5.Virtual Herbarium
9
Baseline
Work carried out
9
11
Change of protocol (from DiGIR to Tapir)
11
Inclusion of new collections to the speciesLink network
15
Website
16
New outputs of the information system
17
Data repatriation
18
Defining a strategy for data repatriation
21
Maintenance
22
6.Bibliographic Production
22
7.Progress Indicators
22
8.Final Considerations
26
9.Annex. Bibliographic Production
27
1. INTRODUCTION
The Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi of Brazil is part of CNPq’s National Institutes of
Science and Technology (INCT) Program. The Herbarium’s mission is to provide a free and open
data infrastructure for the scientific community, for policy and decision makers, and for society in
general. It intends to achieve these goals by integrating data from Brazilian herbaria and by
repatriating data about plants collected in Brazil and deposited in herbaria outside the country.
To fulfill its mission the Virtual Herbarium aims to:

Expand the knowledge base about the diversity of flora and macroscopic fungi in Brazil;

Improve the quality of the holdings in Brazilian herbaria;

Encourage the formulation of public policies aimed at ensuring the sustainability of
herbaria, the training of taxonomists, and the provision of support for biodiversity studies;

Make species occurrence data a fundamental instrument for decision making and for the
formulation of public policies concerning biodiversity;

Encourage as a standard conduct, free and open data and information sharing in a
comprehensive, useful and usable format; and,

Offer data and information to make environmental sustainability just as important as
social and economic development in the formulation and assessment of public policies.
The Virtual Herbarium’s activities are focused on research, training, and knowledge transfer
to society.
As to research, the Virtual Herbarium is involved in the study of the diversity and taxonomy
of plants and macroscopic fungi and with the use of species-occurrence data in the formulation of
public policies.
In the case of training, the Virtual Herbarium offers courses in taxonomy, curation of
collections, and biodiversity informatics, aiming at providing researchers and technicians with
better qualifications leading to an improvement in the quality of the Virtual Herbarium’s holdings. It
also supports the training of Masters and PhD students taking graduate courses in botany.
Concerning the transfer of knowledge to society, the Virtual Herbarium is developing an
open access, online data system about Brazilian plants and fungi. The integration and public
availability of these data will support the analysis of specialists from different sectors, leading to a
quicker advancement of knowledge.
1
2. PARTICIPANTS
Team Leader: Leonor Costa Maia
Assistent Team Leader: Maria Regina de V. Barbosa
Steering Committee:
Leonor Costa Maia (UFPE)
Maria Regina de V. Barbosa (UFPB)
Ariane Luna Peixoto (JBRJ)
Mariângela Menezes (MN-UFRJ)
João Renato Stehmann (UFMG)
Ana Odete Santos Vieira (UEL)
Coordinators of specific areas:
José Rubens Pirani – USP (taxonomy of phanerogams)
Kátia Cavalcanti Pôrto – UFPE (taxonomy of criptogams)
Ariane Luna Peixoto – JBRJ (training)
Ana Odete Santos Vieira – UEL (articulation)
Maria Regina Barbosa – UFPB (products)
Dora Ann Lange Canhos – CRIA (online information systems and products)
Leading Institute: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Associate Institutions
Museu Nacional (MN/UFRJ)
Instituto de Botânica (IBt)
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ)
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS)
Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA)
Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP)
Associate Herbaria and Collaborators/Curators
Herbário da Embrapa Semiárido (HTSA)– Lúcia Helena Kiill
Herbário da Faculdade São Lucas, Roraima (HFSL) – Ana Cristina Ramos de Souza
Herbário da Fundação do Meio Amb., Ciência e Tecnol. de Roraima (MIRR) – Andréia S.
Flores
Herbário da Universidade de São Paulo (SPF) – Renato de Mello-Silva
Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) – Ana Odete Santos Vieira
Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS) – Luciano P. de Queiroz
Herbário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (EAN) – Leonardo Pessoa Félix
Herbário da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (JPB) – Maria Regina de V. Barbosa
Herbário da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BHCB) – Alexandre Salino
Herbário da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFP) – Marlene C. de Alencar Barbosa
Herbário da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (URM) – Leonor Costa Maia
Herbário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (ASE) – Ana Paula Prata
2
Herbário da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) – José Angelo Rizzo
Herbário da Universidade Federal de Brasília (UB) – Carolyn Proença
Herbário da Universidade Federal do Ceará (EAC) – Maria Iracema B. Loiola
Herbário da Universidade Federal do Piauí (TEPB) - Roseli Farias M. de Barros.
Herbário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) – Jomar G. Jardim
Herbário da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (HVASF) - José A. Siqueira
Filho
Herbário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (MOSS) - Leandro de O. F. de
Sousa
Herbário da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (HST) – Ângela M. de M. Freitas
Herbário da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (PEUFR)– M.Elisabeth B.
Pedrosa
Herbário do Centro de Pesquisas da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPEC) – André Márcio Amorim
Herbário do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA) - Rita de Cássia Araújo Pereira
Herbário do Instituto de Meio Ambiente de Alagoas (IMA) – Rosângela P. de Lyra Lemos
Herbário do Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo (SP) – Maria Candida Henrique Mamede
Herbário do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) – Carlos H. Franciscon
Herbário do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB) – Rafaela C. Forzza
Herbário do Museu Nacional (R) – Luci de Senna Valle
Researchers
Name
Institution, State
CNPq Fellow
Adriana de Mello Gugliotta
IBt, SP
-
Alexandre Salino
UFMG, MG
PQ 2
Amélia Iaeca Kanagawa
UFPB, PB
-
Ana Cristina Ramos de Souza
FSL, RO
-
Ana Luiza Du Bocage Neta
IPA, PE
-
Ana Maria Benko Iseppon
UFPE, PE
PQ 1D
Ana Odete Santos Vieira
Andreia Silva Flores
UEL, PR
MIRR, RO
-
Ana Paula Prata
UFS, SE
-
Andre Marcio Araujo Amorim
UESC, BA
PQ 2
Andréa Ferreira da Costa
Ângela Maria de Miranda Freitas
UFRJ, RJ
UFRPE, PE
-
Ariane Luna Peixoto
JBRJ, RJ
PQ 1B
Ariadna Valentina de F. e Lopes
UFPE, PE
PQ 2
Carolyn Elinore Barnes Proença
UnB, DF
-
Cássio Van Den Berg
UEFS, BA
PQ 1D
Célia Leite Sant’Anna
IBt, SP
-
Célio Ubirajara Magalhães Filho
INPA, AM
PQ 2
Dora Ann Lange Canhos
CRIA, SP
-
Francisca Araújo
UFC, CE
-
Gladstone Alves da Silva
UFPE, PE
-
Isabel Cristina Sobreira Machado
UFPE, PE
PQ 1B
Iuri G. Baseia
UFRN, RN
PQ 1D
3
Name
Jefferson Prado
Institution, State
IBt, SP
CNPq Fellow
PQ 1B
João Renato Stehmann
UFMG, MG
PQ 1D
José Alves de Siqueira Filho
UNIVASF, PE
-
José Laurindo C. dos Santos
INPA, AM
-
José Luis Bezerra
CEPLAC, BA
PQ 1D
José Rubens Pirani
USP, SP
PQ 1A
Kátia Cavalcanti Porto
UFPE, PE
PQ 1D
Laíse de Holanda C. Andrade
UFPE, PE
PQ 1A
Leandro de O.F. de Souza
UFERSA, RN
-
Leonardo Pessoa Félix
UFPB, PB
Leonor Costa Maia
Lígia Queiroz Matias
UFPE, PE
UFC, CE
PQ 1B
-
Luci de Senna-Valle
MN-UFRJ
-
Lucia Garcez Lohmann
USP, SP
-
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
UEFS, BA
PQ 1D
Luis Fernando P. Gusmão
UEFS, BA
-
Marcela Eugênia da S. Cáceres
UFS, SE
PQ 2
Marcelo Tabarelli
UFPE, PE
PQ 1A
Marcos Sobral
Marcus Alberto Nadruz Coelho
UFSJ, MG
JBRJ, RJ
-
Marccus Vinícius Alves
UFPE, PE
-
Maria Auxiliadora Cavalcanti
UFPE, PE
PQ 2
Maria Alice Neves
Maria Candida Henrique Mamede
UFPB, PB
IBt, SP
PQ 2
Maria das Graças M. de Souza
UnB, DF
-
Maria de Fátima Figueiredo Melo
INPA, AM
-
Maria Elizabeth B. Pedrosa
Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola
UFRPE, PE
UFC, CE
-
Maria Regina de V. Barbosa
UFPB, PB
PQ 2
Mariângela Menezes
Marlene de Alencar Barbosa
UFRJ, RJ
UFPE, PE
PQ 2
-
Marli Pires Morim
JBRJ, RJ
-
Rafaela Campostrini Forzza
JBRJ, RJ
PQ 2
Regina Célia de Oliveira
UnB, DF
-
Rita Baltazar de Lima
UFPB, PB
-
Rita de Cássia Araújo Pereira
IPA, PE
-
Rosângela P. de Lyra Lemos
IMA, AL
-
Roseli Farias M. de Barros
UFPI, PI
-
Ruy José Válka Alves
JBRJ, RJ
PQ 2
Sérgio Romaniuc-Neto
USP, SP
Tatiana Gibertoni
UFPE, PE
PQ 2
Vanderlei Perez Canhos
CRIA, SP
4
3. RESEARCH PROGRAM IN TAXONOMY
The Virtual Herbarium’s research program has the following aims: increase the number of
networked herbaria by 100%; improve the quality of taxonomic identification; increase the level of
digitization of all holdings to 80%; define strategies to guarantee taxonomic research of less
studied groups; and increase the levels of interaction between different research groups.
In 2009 efforts were made to promote a greater level of involvement within participating
herbaria. As a result three new herbaria were incorporated into the program (two from Pernambuco
– HVASF and HTSA – and one from Espírito Santo – VIES) and the number of records that were
digitized and made available online increased significantly (see Table 6).
Two activities that have been very important for the future of the Virtual Herbarium are: (a)
the definition of taxonomic groups whose identification represents a bottleneck for the
advancement of knowledge due to the large number of species or to the complexity of the
relationships between taxa; and (b) the development of tools that enable the evaluation of the size
of the problem and the determination of priority actions to be implemented.
A survey of plant herbaria data available on the speciesLink network was carried out to
identify the number of records lacking identification at the genus and species level (Table 1). A
specialists’ visiting program to selected herbaria was planned based on these data. The number of
unidentified or partially identified fungi data records is still being evaluated.
Table 1. Families and corresponding number of records without data for genus and/or species
(source speciesLink, May 2009)
Families
Number of records
Fabaceae
33.000
Euphorbiaceae
16.041
Rubiaceae
13.324
Asteraceae
11.752
Malpighiaceae
10.336
Myrtaceae
10.276
Melastomataceae
10.228
Apocynaceae
6.529
Malvaceae
5.976
Poaceae
5.785
Families
Eriocaulaceae
Bignoniaceae
Cyperaceae
Lauraceae
Orchidaceae
Solanaceae
Clusiaceae
Piperaceae
Acanthaceae
Sapindaceae
Number of records
5.100
5.044
4.824
4.563
4.143
4.123
4.061
4.023
3.718
3.159
In 2009 specialist teams made visits to ten selected herbaria in order to help reduce the
number of unidentified records (Table 2). 16,639 samples were examined.
5
Table 2. Visits of specialist to selected herbaria to revise or identify specimens in 2009
Specialist / Institution
of origin
Visited Herbaruim / Institution / State /
Períod of Visit
Families revised/ Number of
exsiccates examined
Haroldo Cavalcante de
Lima and collaborators;
Jardim Botânico do Rio
de Janeiro, RJ
BHCB, Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais, MG; OUPR, Universidade Federal de
Ouro Preto, MG; April, 2009
Leguminosae from the Atlantic
Rain Forest, BHCB (3.500);
OUPR (3.000); Total: 6.500
Haroldo Cavalcante de
Lima and collaborators
Jardim Botânico do Rio
de Janeiro, RJ
MBM, Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba,
PR
UPCB, Universidade Federal do Paraná
HBR, Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, SC
ICN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, RS
PACA, Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas/
Unisinos, RS
May, 2009
Leguminosae from the Atlantic
Rain Forest MBM (3.000);
UPCB (300); HBR (600); ICN
(1.100); PACA (400) Total:
5.400
Ariane Luna Peixoto
Jardim Botânico do Rio
de Janeiro, RJ
HUEFS, Universidade Estadual de Feira de
Santana, BA
CEPEC, Centro de Pesquisas da Lavoura do
Cacau, BA
July, 2009
Monimiaceae and
Siparunaceae:
CEPEC (50+30), HUEFS
(35+28). Total: 143
Tatiana Baptista
Gibertoni
Universidade Federal
de Pernambuco, PE
and Leif Ryvarden
Universidade de Oslo,
Noruega
INPA, Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia,
AM
September – October, 2009
Fungos poliporóides: Ganodermataceae (391); Meruliaceae
(96); Hymenochaetataceae
(463); Polyporaceae (2.095);
Fomitopsidaceae (142);
Gloeophyllaceae (72); Peniophoraceae (6); Schizophyllaceae (7); Schizoporaceae (20);
Stereaceae (5) Total: 3.297
Jadergudson Pereira
Universidade Estadual
de Santa Cruz, BA
INPA, Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia,
AM
September, 2009
Xylariaceae (161)
Marccus V. Alves
Universidade Federal
de Pernambuco, PE
INPA, Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazônia,
AM
September, 2009
Cyperaceae (350); Juncaceae
(17) and Rapateaceae (15).
Total: 382
Marcos E. G. Sobral
Universidade Federal
de Ouro Preto, MG
VIES, Universidade Federal do Espírito
Santo, ES
October, 2009
Myrtaceae and others (65)
Jorge Fontella Pereira
Museu Nacional –
UFRJ, RJ
IMA, Instituto de Meio Ambiente, AL
UFP, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
November, 2009
Apocynaceae Asclepiadoideae
IMA (43), UFP (50). Total: 93
Olga Yano
Instituto de Botânica SP
HUCS-Universidade de Caxias do Sul, RS
PACA- Instituto Anchietano de Pesquisas/
Unisinos, RS,
ICN-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do
Sul, RS,
HAS- Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande
do Sul, RS.
November, 2009
Musgos: HUCS (60); PACA
(157); ICN (120). Total: 337
José Iranildo M. de
Melo
Universidade Estadual
da Paraíba, PB
HVASF,Universidade Federal do Vale do
São Francisco
HTSA, Embrapa Semiárido
November, 2009
Boraginaceae
HVASF (198), HTSA (63). Total:
261
6
4. TRAINING
BEST PRACTICES
The Virtual Herbarium initiated a training program aimed at curators and technicians working
in the herbaria of associated institutions. In July 2009 a short course was offered in database
management in the Northeast and another course about herbaria management is planned for
May/June 2010 in the Southeastern region of the country. The content of each course focuses on
the most common problems presented by the institutions and tries to disseminate the most modern
and appropriate techniques for the different taxonomic groups of interest. The courses also train
technicians to help in collecting, drying, and documenting plants and fungi.
NEW TAXONOMISTS
Through its associated institutions the Virtual Herbarium is participating in six graduate
programs where new taxonomists are being trained. It is the aim of this Project to promote a
greater integration between these programs by organizing advanced courses on the taxonomy of
specific groups, disseminating new techniques, and establishing partnerships with collaborating
foreign institutions.
One of the strategies is to bring foreign visiting specialists to run specific courses within
these programs, as well as to contribute to broader courses covering all interests. The courses
offered in 2009 are listed in Table 3. These include courses offered as part of the graduate
programs at INPA and UFPE, as well as a training course for new taxonomists at undergraduate
level offered in Maceió, Alagoas, where there are no graduate courses in Botany.
Table 3. Disciplines offered in Graduate Programs, short courses carried out in scientific events,
and courses offered in partner institutions in 2009.
Title of the course/place/date
Professors/Institution
workload/Number of
students/Origin of
students
Introduction to the use of tools for the
computerization of herbaria;
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco;
Recife, june 2009
Itamar Barbosa de Lima
(Universidade Federal da Paraíba)
40 hours; 18 students;
UFPE, IPA, UFRPE,
UNICAP, UFAL UFPB,
UFRN
Computerization of botanical
collections using Brahms and the
speciesLink network; 60º Congresso
Nacional de Botânica ; Feira de
Santana, July, 2009
Alexandre Marino (CRIA) e;
Gracialda Ferreira (Universidade
Federal Rural do Amazonas)
16 hours; 13 students;
CEPEC, HUEFS, UMAC,
UNEB, UFBA, FUEL,
HUEM, HSTA, IPA, R,
UFRN
New Approach on Taxonomy of
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
(Glomeromycota); PPG Biologia de
Fungos, UFPE; Recife, August 2009
Fritz Oehl (Agroscope ReckenholzTänikon Research Station ART,
Suíça) and Bruno Goto
(Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Norte)
30 hours;14 students;
UFPE, FUNESO
Techniques for Identification of
Tropical Polipore; PPG-Botânica,
INPA; Manaus, September 2009
Dra. Tatiana B. Gibertoni
(Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco) and Leif Ryvarden
(University of Oslo)
30 hours; 15 students:
INPA, MG
7
Title of the course/place/date
Professors/Institution
workload/Number of
students/Origin of
students
Training in species identification of the
families Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, and
Rapateaceae; INPA; Manaus,
September 2009
Dr. Marcus Alves (Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco);
15 hours; 3 students;
UNESP, MG, INPA
Botanical Nomenclature; PPG Biologia
Vegetal, UFPE; Recife, November
2009
Dr. Jorge Fontella Pereira (Museu
Nacional do Rio de Janeiro and do
Herbário Bradeanum) and Dr.
Maria Regina de Vasconcellos
Barbosa (Universidade Federal da
Paraíba)
60 hours; 25 students:
UFPE UFRPE, UNIVASF,
UNB, UNESP, IMA
Botanical Nomenclature; Instituto do
Meio Ambiente de Alagoas; Maceió,
November 2009
Dr. Jorge Fontella Pereira (Museu
Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e do
Herbário Bradeanum)
40 hours, 10 students;
UFAL, CESMEC
Taxonomy of Plants from the
Caatinga; Universidade Federal do
Vale de São Francisco; Petrolina,
November 2009
Dr. José Iranildo Miranda de Melo
(Universidade Estadual da Paraíba)
12 hours; 34 students:
UNIVASF, EMBRAPA
Semiárido
The following graduate programs are linked to the leading and associated institutions:

Graduate course on Fungal Biology – UFPE (Concept 5 at CAPES) – unique in the
country as it is exclusively about the study of fungi. It has been in existence for over 25
years and is recognized for its emphasis on training of taxonomists. Nine teachers from
the program participate in the project.

Graduate program in Plant Biology – UFPE (Concept 5). This program is also
consolidated and is recognized for the large scope of its research. Six teachers of the
program participate in the project.

Graduate program in Plant Biodiversity and the Environment – IBt-SP (Concept 4). The
objective of the program is to train professionals to interpret situations of environmental
impact by assessment of their impact on the vegetation. Three teachers of the program
participate in the project.

Graduate program in Botany and Plant Biodiversity – JBRJ (Concept 3). This program
follows JBRJ’s strategy to become a center of excellence in the dissemination of
botanical and environmental studies. Three teachers of the program participate in the
project.

Graduate program in Botany – UEFS (Concept 5). The main objective of this program is
to train new taxonomists to work in Brazil’s semi-arid region. Two teachers of the
program participate in the project.

Graduate program in Biological Sciences (Botany) – Museu Nacional (Concept 4). This
course began in 1972 (masters) and in 1998 a PhD course was initiated. It is one of the
8
oldest graduate courses in botany of the country. Four teachers of the program
participate in the project.
5. VIRTUAL HERBARIUM
BASELINE
The information system of the Virtual Herbarium uses the speciesLink1 network as its
platform. In order to be able to follow the project’s progress concerning free and open availability of
data through the Internet, a baseline was established as the project’s starting point (Table 4).
Table 4. Status of collaborating and associate collections (January, 2009)
Institution
Project
Commitment
Herbarium
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Coordinator
URM
78,852
12,014
UFP - Herbário
51,020
14,463
390
390
UFP- Carpoteca
estimated
holding
online
data
Universidade Federal de Sergipe
Collaborator
ASE
13,000
10,333
Universidade Federal do Ceará
Collaborator
EAC
42,000
21,149
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Collaborator
EAN
13,000
4,574
Universidade Federal Rural de
Pernambuco
Collaborator
HST
15,500
12,909
349
349
Instituto do Meio Ambiente do Estado
de Alagoas
Collaborator
MAC
32,000
18,584
Instituto de Botânica
Associate
SP
350,000
35,699
30,000
26,240
220,000
210,683
8,840
8,840
PEUFR
SP-Algas
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Amazônia
Associate
INPA - Herbário
Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa
Agropecuária
Collaborator
IPA
81,000
26,654
Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
(JBRJ)
Associate
RB
450,000
336,065
RBdna
2,583
2,583
RBw
8,200
7,600
9,782
7,500
133,500
21,270
SPF – Algas
22,828
22,132
INPA - Fungos
Universidade Federal Rural do SemiÁrido
Collaborator
MOSS
Universidade de São Paulo
Collaborator
SPF
Universidade Federal do Piauí
Collaborator
TEPB
23,130
8,257
Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Collaborator
FUEL
44,000
42,058
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Norte
Collaborator
UFRN
8,200
7,249
500
0
Universidade Federal da Paraíba
(UFPB)
Associate
JPB
40,000
35,865
Departamento de Botânica da UFMG
Collaborator
BHCB
1
UFRN - Fungos
125,000
See http://splink.cria.org.br
9
Institution
Project
Commitment
Herbarium
estimated
holding
Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau
Collaborator
CEPEC
Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho
Collaborator
HFSL
Museu Nacional (MN/UFRJ)
Associate
R
375,000
Universidade de Brasília
Collaborator
UB
200,000
Universidade Federal de Goiás
Collaborator
UFG
120,000
Universidade Estadual de Feira de
Santana (UEFS)
Associate
HUEFS
100,000
Total Collaborators and Associated
Institutions
23
32
online
data
114,000
4,241
2,716,915
893,460
Names in green indicate the collaborating and associate institutions that were not sharing
data through the speciesLink network when the project began. Participating herbaria in January
2009 contributed a total of 2.7 million exsiccates of which 893.460 data records were online. This
baseline includes only collaborating and associate institutions of the project, but the speciesLink
network has data from other herbaria, both in Brazil and abroad that are repatriating their Brazilian
records (Table 5).
Table 5. Herbaria that are making their data available through the speciesLink network and will be
invited to become part of the Virtual Herbarium
Institution
Estimated holding
Online records
BOTU
24,000
1,399
CPMA
2,150
2,072
ESA
120,000
94,179
HISA
10,235
1,287
HRCB
40,000
6,541
HSJRP
28,000
12,600
691
691
HSJRP Algae
HSJRP Bryophyta
4,866
4,866
HSJRP Pteridophyta
28,000
7,557
HUEM
14,343
372
HUMC
7,000
4,672
HUPG
15,000
2,386
IAC
50,000
43,116
998
99
320,000
238,153
MBML Herbario
33,143
33,143
SPSF
37,903
36,045
UEC
148,083
55,523
VIES
15,000
10,113
899,412
554,814
MOBOT BR
157,087
157,087
NYBG BR
225,061
225,061
Total Repatriation
382,148
382,148
1,281,560
936,962
INCAPER
MBM
Total Not Associated
Repatriated data
TOTAL
10
Adding all data from Brazilian herbaria, the Virtual Herbarium’s baseline holdings sum to
3,616,327 records, of which 1,448,274 are online. As the estimated number of exsiccates
deposited in Brazilian herbaria is 6 million, the Virtual Herbaria begins with about 60% of the total
holdings directly or indirectly associated with the project. Furthermore, about 497 thousand records
are geo-referenced, representing 34% of the online data.
Concerning data repatriation, the Project begins with the Botanical Gardens of New York and
Missouri which are repatriating 382,148 records, 135,628 (35%) of which are geo-referenced.
This is the project’s base line and will in future serve as a parameter to evaluate the project’s
progress.
WORK CARRIED OUT
Change of protocol (from DiGIR to Tapir)
In 2001/2002 CRIA’s team, with the support of Fapesp, participated actively in an
international initiative led by the Universities of Kansas and California at Berkeley to develop a data
model and communication protocol to integrate data systems for biological collections. The data
model adopted was DarwinCore2 and involves 48 data fields for all taxonomic groups. The
communication protocol based on a Client-Server architecture is called DiGIR3 (Distributed Generic
Information Retrieval).
Figure 1 shows the basic architecture adopted by most collections from the Americas. The
portal is a software package responsible for receiving queries from the search interface, redirecting
them to providers, receiving the answers and returning them to the search interface. The portal can
send a request to several providers, communicating through the protocol and can also determine
which provider should be consulted based on existing metadata.
The provider is a software package responsible for serving data and metadata to the portal
from multiple data sources in a structured way. The provider is implemented as a web application
that answers questions from the portal. The provider receives an XML document, validates the
document, generates the search, and prepares the answer in the required format, also as an XML
document. The communication protocol between the Portal and the Provider is DiGIR.
2
See http://splink.cria.org.br/digir/darwin2.xsd
3
To find out more about DiGIR go to http://digir.sourceforge.net
11
website
DiGIR
Portal
(Java)
Lib
DiGir
Presentation Layer
Fast and stable connectivity
SQL
Data
Provider
PHP
Biological
Collection
Collection
Management
System
Figure 1. Basic architecture for a DiGIR network
Three elements are required in order to serve data through a distributed network: fast and
stable connectivity; an online data server accessible 24 hours a day; and qualified personnel that
can guarantee a permanent service. Most Brazilian collections do not have even one of these. The
speciesLink network has introduced a new element to the architecture, a cache node, responsible
for mirroring data from the collections and in serving the data to the network (Figure 2).
Portal
Fast and stable connectivity
DiGIR
Data
PostgreSQL
SQL
Provider
PHP
Cache node
Translator
Mirror
SOAP server
SOAP
Slow or unstable connectivity
A
SQL
Data
spLinker
Java
Collection
Management
System
Data
Repository
B
C
D
Collections
(A, B, C, D)
Figure 2. Architecture of the speciesLink network
European collections have developed a data model and data transfer protocol that are
different from DarwinCore and DiGIR. Their data model is called ABCD (Access to Biological
12
Collection Data) and includes more than 500 data fields. The protocol used to serve data is called
BioCase.
The two systems are incompatible and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)4 must
run a system using both protocols in order to integrate data from all its members. A new protocol
TAPIR (TDWG Access Protocol for Information Retrieval)5 has been developed to deal with both
data models so that eventually only one global protocol, common to all networks of biological
collections, will be needed. DiGIR networks are migrating to the new protocol and as time passes
all programs written for DiGIR will become obsolete. That is why changing the protocol is
considered a priority and was carried out at the beginning of the project, before increasing the
number of herbaria on the network.
Both protocols DiGIR and TAPIR are based on a client-server architecture. A TAPIR provider
was installed in all cache nodes of the speciesLink network and a new TAPIR portal was
developed by CRIA. This work also required the development of a new search engine (indexer) to
collect, parse, and store data to facilitate fast information retrieval and to enable the production of
indicators and the use of other applications such as data cleaning through a centralized database
(Figure 4).
The migration to TAPIR began with the servers in São Paulo State due to their proximity to
CRIA and because they were the first servers of the network and were already requiring updates.
The actual physical distribution of the servers was also optimized. The distribution of cache nodes
and the location of the collections can be seen at Figure 3. Besides three servers in the state of
São Paulo, the network has cache nodes in Manaus, Vitória, Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba. All
collections (in green) send their public data to one of these cache nodes which then serves the
network.
4
Find out more about GBIF at http://data.gbif.org
5
For more information on TAPIR see http://www.tdwg.org/activities/tapir
13
Figure 3. Geographic distribution of the cache nodes (in blue) and of the collections (in green) of the
speciesLink network
The work carried out in each cache node included:

Installation and update of all software of all providers. Subversion 1.4.x; PHP 5.x and Perl
modules

Compatibility of the PostgreSQL database with TapirLink

“Debug” and changes in the TapirLink code that was presenting errors in some servers.
Once all necessary software had been installed, the next step was to install the Tapir
provider in accordance to the following steps:
6

Download of the TapirLink6 software

Configuration of the connection module with PostgreSQL of the PHP

Configuration of the Apache web server
Available at http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=38190
14

Configuration of the user and password in order to have access to the administration
page of the provider
After installation on the provider had been completed the resources that were on the DiGIR
provider were transferred to Tapir. The new indexer/harvester was installed and became
responsible for updating the centralized database. A web service was also made available in order
for the openModeller7 framework to have access to the data (Figure 4).
mapcria
webservice
Web Site
Maps
PostGIS
Query interface
Network Manager
Indicators
Tapir provider
webservice
Central Repository
Data cleaning
Data Harvester
Data analysis
DiGIR Portal
TAPIR
TAPIR
Collections with
a TAPIR provider
Cache node
Cache node
SOAP
Collections with
spLinker
Figure 4. Diagram with the complete architecture of the speciesLink network
Inclusion of new collections to the speciesLink network
The following procedure was carried out in order to integrate new collections to the network:

A standard mandatory questionnaire8 was sent to each collection.

The questionnaire was analyzed as to the data structure, software used, number of
digitized records, and total holdings.

The cache node was prepared to receive data from the collection.

The collection was visited by technicians or a remote access to the computer was made
in order to install the software spLinker, developed by CRIA, responsible for mapping
7
Formore information about OpenModeller access http://openmodeller.sourceforge.net
8
See http://splink.cria.org.br/how_to_participate
15
data fields following the DarwinCore standard and in sending the data to the selected
cache node.

If necessary, filters to mark sensitive data were created.

Data was transferred to cache nodes and possible transmission errors were identified.
This part of the work had to have one technician at the collection (or logged on to the
computer of the collection) and one at CRIA monitoring the transmission.

When the technician was physically at the collection, local staff was trained in the use of
spLinker and other tools9 available at the speciesLink network were demonstrated.
Special attention was given to the data cleaning and collection profile reports produced
by the system based on online records.
In 2009 the speciesLink network integrated 29 new collections, six of which were herbaria,
one being from abroad.

FURB, Herbário Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein

HTSA, Herbário do Trópico Semi-Árido

HVSF, Herbário Vale do São Francisco

UFACPZ, Herbário da Universidade Federal do Acre

HUEFS, Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

NMNH-Botany_BR, Smithsonian Department de Botany - Brazilian records
Besides the inclusion of these new collections, 68% of herbaria that are part of the
speciesLink network updated their data in 2009. The network is serving approximately 2.27 million
records, of which 930,000 are geo-referenced (December 10, 2009).
Website
The development of the website INCT Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos began in 2009
and can be accessed at http://inct.florabrasil.net. It is a dynamic system with regular updates.
A Linux Server was prepared to receive the site (Debian GNU/Linux “Lenny”). The database
MySQL was installed on an Apache web server, together with programming language PHP, and
Ws-ftp file transfer protocol. Wordpress was also installed. A number of adjustments were made
such as the configuration of the database, configuration of users and names. All software was
installed with the latest versions and all were free. Those responsible for implementing the site
have full access to Wordpress and ftp.
9
See http://splink.cria.org.br/tools
16
New outputs of the information system
Although this activity was scheduled to begin during the project’s second year, due to the fact
that the project began with a very large amount of data, the first product was developed to offer
data to help determine the specialists’ visiting program by identifying herbarium material at partner
institutions that required identification.
For all records classified as "Plantae", those that had an entry in the field "family" but no
entry in the field "genus" were selected. The exercise was designed to verify if this information
indicated gaps (local, regional, national) in taxonomic knowledge. A list of a total of 68,051 records
from 558 families which matched these criteria were sent to the Steering Committee..
A second spread sheet was prepared by selecting records classified as “Plantae” with both
fields “family” and “genus” not blank and the field “species” blank or sp (and its variations such as
spp. sp., etc.). In this case, data was presented for each herbarium. This second spreadsheet
contained about 200 thousand records. By knowing which were the unidentified records and where
they were located it was possible to develop a strategy to improve data quality and to program
training courses.
At the time New York also had some records with incomplete identification, and we believe
this could lead to an opportunity of collaboration and training.
These reports were generated through direct access to the database and will now serve as
an example for the development of an advanced search interface that will be launched in 2010.
Through this new interface it is expected that all interested may carry out this type of analysis
independently.
Another important application developed in 2009 involved the automatic geo-referencing of
records with data of the municipality where the sample was collected. All collections that have
records of samples from Brazil that are not geo-coded but have municipality data, have a
spreadsheet available produced by an automatic geo-referencing application with the values for
latitude, longitude, datum, and maximum error. For users that are searching the database, the
system presents new columns with this data, making it clear that this is not original data, but data
produced by an application.
In December 2009 there were 2.27 million records, of which 842 thousand were georeferenced at the origin and an additional 800 thousand which had been geo-referenced
automatically, using the geo-referencing tool. This way, for those questions that require a precision
at the municipality level, these new data are good and these users are now able to count with
about double the amount of data they had before.
17
Data repatriation
At the beginning of the project, Brazilian data from the botanical gardens of New York and
Missouri had already been integrated to the speciesLink network.
Visits were made to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, France, Kew Gardens
in the UK and to the Smithsonian Institution in the USA with the aim of understanding the type of
data system in each institution and to study whether a repatriation program could be initiated. All
three institutions have two features in common: they are serving data to GBIF; and they have
received support from the Mellon Foundation to produce high resolution images of their type
specimens from Latin America.
Another important initiative was the project being developed through a cooperation between
the Paris Museum, the Botanical Institute of São Paulo, and CRIA, with the support of Fapesp (São
Paulo Research Foundation) to develop a prototype of the Virtual Herbarium of A. de SaintHilaire10. All samples collected by Saint-Hilaire are being scanned and the images are being sent
to CRIA for online dissemination.
The diagram of the strategy adopted for the prototype is presented on Figure 5.
Sonnerat DB
França
DIGiR
SH@CRIA DB
Brasil
Transcrições
Servidor de imagens eRez
Figure 5. Diagram of the data repatriation system for the holdings of Saint-Hilaire at the Paris Museum
10
See http://hvsh.cria.org.br/indice
18
An important concept when defining a data integration strategy is that only one database
should be used as reference. Each update must be done at this reference database and data
repatriation or transfer must be carried out from this same database.
In the case of Paris, any transcription or data entry must be fed into the Sonnerat database in
Paris. For this project an application was developed to transfer data from Sonnerat to a database
at CRIA through the DiGIR protocol to serve as the informational base of the system in Brazil. The
system checks every hour whether there is an update in Paris. Special software tools were
developed to make high resolution images available through the Internet and a prototype was
launched with excellent results.
A visit was also made to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in order to know more about its
digitization process and quality control of the images that are part of the Mellon Foundation project.
The first step is to attribute a bar code to each species of each sample. This barcode is entered
into the information system and the exsiccate is cleaned so that dust does not affect the quality of
the scanning.
Figure 6. First step: cleaning, barcoding, and digitizing metadata
The second step is scanning the material and carrying out the first quality control check.
19
Figure 7. Scanning
In the case of samples with volume, a high resolution camera is used at Kew (
Figure 8).
20
Figure 8. Digital camera used in the case of material with more volume
The images then go through a thorough quality control check and if not approved the process
is carried out again.
Defining a strategy for data repatriation
Many herbaria that have type specimens from Latin America are receiving grants to digitize
their material and therefore are acquiring expertise and equipment in this area. It is important for
the Virtual Herbarium to develop an image server to receive these high resolution images and
associated metadata in order to make all this material publicly accessible and integrated with the
other data. This can then be linked to a cyber identification service with specialists from Brazil and
abroad aiming at improving the identification of material collected in Brazil.
Since different institutions have adopted different information systems and different
procedures for treating and computerizing their holdings, it is important to qualify these different
situations in order to define specific strategic actions that are compatible with long term programs.
The following situations can be found and require different strategies:

Holdings are digitized and data is available online

Samples are identified but are not digitized

Samples are not identified nor digitized; and,
21

Holdings with all examples above.
In order to repatriate data that is already available online it is necessary to evaluate the
compatibility of the data fields with DarwinCore and to study mechanisms of data export and
indexing. If the collection already serves data to GBIF, repatriating this data and making it available
through the speciesLink network technically speaking is practically immediate and will most
probably be carried out by harvesting an existing DiGIR provider.
Many collections abroad do not have teams to process data associated to samples collected
in Brazil. If this is the case, possible strategies to be agreed upon with each herbarium are:

Digitization services are hired in Brazil or abroad (funding from the Brazilian government
and/or partners)

Brazilian specialists and technicians are sent to work on the digitization of data and
identification of the material at the partner organization.
A third possibility is to take low resolution pictures of each sample and send them to Brazil so
that the label data can be digitized. All data that is digitized must be sent and imported into the
local system at the partner institution. Data repatriation will be carried out accessing the local
system.
In some international herbaria the characterization and taxonomy of the samples must be
revised. In places where specialists for specific groups do not exist or are insufficient it is important
to establish a research program where Brazilian specialists and graduate students may be involved
with work on taxonomic revisions, cataloging and identification of material with local or remote
supervision. Again, we suggest that all data digitization be carried out in the system used by the
partner institution in order to guarantee continuity of the dynamic repatriation process of data from
all samples collected in Brazil.
Maintenance
Routine maintenance includes hardware maintenance, software updating, backup, problem
solving, and a help desk to support curators and other people responsible for the data of the
herbaria and a help desk to attend user needs.
6. BIBLIOGRAPHIC PRODUCTION
The bibliographic production of the Virtual Herbarium team members is presented in Annex
and demonstrates advances in taxonomic studies, revisions, new references, and plant and fungi
species descriptions from different regions of Brazil.
22
7. PROGRESS INDICATORS
The first criterion used to evaluate the project’s progress is the increase in the quantity of
data freely and openly available through the network. Table 6 presents the evolution of online data
availability for the herbaria that are part of the project together with other herbaria from Brazil and
abroad that are disseminating their data through the speciesLink network.
Table 6. Growth of the number of data available online (December, 2009)
Online Records
2008
2009
Growth
Total records available online
INCT
893,460
1,144,194
28.0%
Brasil not INCT
554,814
671,141
5.9%
Repatriation
382,148
456,817
14.5%
442,599
559,446
26.4%
80,661
128,626
59.5%
151,966
154,485
1.7%
Online georeferenced records
INCT
Brasil not INCT
Repatriation
Herbaria involved with the INCT Project increased their contribution to the amount of data
available online by 28%, whereas herbaria that are not participating grew only 5.9%. Data
repatriated from foreign herbaria increased by 14.5%. The increase in the amount of georeferenced data, which increases data value, was another important feature. Those herbaria that
have been involved with the speciesLink network for a longer time contributed only about 6% of
new data, but the number of geo-referenced records in their holdings grew in the order of about
60% during 2009.
Another interesting parameter is the number of herbaria in each state that are participating in
this project and are sharing their data (Figure 9). One can see that important states are not
represented such as Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul, just to mention two. These should be
object of an action plan in the near future.
23
Santa Catarina, 1 Paraná, 1 Alagoas, 1
Sergipe, 1
Pernambuco, 5
Ceará, 1
Piauí, 1
Paraíba, 2
São Paulo, 5
Amazonas, 2
Rio Grande do
Norte, 3
Rio de Janeiro, 4
Figure 9. Number of herbaria participating of the INCT Project sharing their data online per Brazilian State
(December, 2009)
The next indicators include all herbaria data, e.g. INCT project added to all others, in order to
be able to analyze the indicators based on data that are openly available and accessible to all.
Figure 10. Number of records per geographic region of Brazil (Source: speciesLink 10/12, 2009)
The southeast is the best represented region with 0.79 records per km2, followed by the
South Northeast, Center-West and the North which is the third largest region in terms of the
number of records contributed but last in terms of records per km 2 (0.09) . This region includes
24
important centers such as Embrapa and Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi that must be integrated to
the network.
Figure 11. Number of records per Brazilian State (Source: speciesLink December 10, 2009)
All states are represented even when there are no collections from that state sharing their
data through the network. This fact shows the importance of data sharing where each state
benefits from local samples and associated data deposited in collections located in other states.
The indicator of the types (Figure 12) demonstrates the use of a data field for observations
and demonstrates the necessity to train people working with data input on the use of standards.
One can see that this field was filled out with terms such as “possible” or “probable”, when this
should be expressed in an observation field.
25
Figure 12. Graphic with the number of types available on line (Source: speciesLink 10/12, 2009)
The “family” indicator (Figure 13) presents the 20 families most collected, based only on
online data. Throughout the Project more detailed reports should be produced to evaluate
taxonomic and geographic information gaps.
Figure 13. Graphic with the 20 families with most online data (Source: speciesLink December 10, 2009)
26
To evaluate the cost to digitize data of the herbaria that are already making their data online
there is another indicator called “databasing” (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Percentage of off-line data from participating herbaria
Some studies indicate a cost of R$ 2.00 per exsiccate just considering man power costs. So
for this cost we have an estimate of R$ 3.6 million to fully computerize these holdings.
8. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
The work is being carried out satisfactorily, as scheduled and keeping track of the
established goals. In terms of public availability of data, the network is growing at about 28% a
year. The inclusion of new herbaria should maintain this level of growth for some time, but when
the larger herbaria are integrated into the network, it is expected that this level of growth will
diminish as it will then depend mostly on digitizing new data and not on the integration of new
holdings of digitized data.
Activities concerning integrating new collections into the network and training will continue as
will the maintenance and continuous development of existing systems and routine services.
Besides increasing the amount of data available, improving data quality is also an important
objective. The INCT specialist network has examined over 16.6 thousand samples, identifying and
validating material observed. This activity will continue. Also concerning data quality and adding
value to data, the tool to automatically georeference data has been very successful. Other
27
applications will be evaluated and developed throughout the project aiming at increasing data
usage.
Training activities related to short courses, graduate disciplines, workshops and visiting
specialists will continue to try to reach an ever increasing number of people (students, technicians,
researchers) and regions of the country, disseminating and increasing taxonomic knowledge on
the diversity of plants and fungi of the country.
9. ANNEX. BIBLIOGRAPHIC PRODUCTION
Journal papers
Abrahao, M. C.; Gugliotta, A.M.; Gomes, E. Poliporóides (Basidiomycota) em fragmentos de mata
no perímetro urbano de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de
Botânica, v. 32, p. 427-440, 2009.
Almeida, V.R.; Costa, A.F.; Mantovani, A.; Esteves, V.G.L.; Arruda, R.C.O.; Forzza, R.C.
Morphological phylogenetics of Quesnelia (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae). Systematic Botany,
v. 34, p. 660-672, 2009.
Alvarenga, L.D.P.; Pôrto, K.C.; Silva, M.P.P. Relations bBetween Regional Local Habitat Loss and
Metapopulation Properties of Epiphyllous Bryophytes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biotropica,
v. 41, p. 682-691, 2009.
Alves, R.J.V.; Kolbek, J. Summit vascular flora of Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check
List (UNESP), v. 5, p. 35-73, 2009.
Alves, Ruy J.V.; Kolbek, J. Can campo rupestre vegetation be floristically delimited based on
vascular plant genera?. Plant Ecology, p. 1-13, 2009.
Alves-Araujo, A.; Alves, M. Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. ocorrentes no Nordeste do Brasil.
Rodriguesia, v. 60, p. 311-331, 2009.
Alves, M.; Araújo, A.C.; Prata, A. P.; Vitta, F. ; Hefler, S. ; Trevisan, R. ; Gil, A. ; Martins, S.;
Thomas, W. W. Diversity of Cyperaceae in Brazil. Rodriguesia, v. 60, p. 771-782, 2009.
Baltazar, J.M.; Gibertoni, T.B. A checklist of the aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) recorded
from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Mycotaxon, v. 109, p. 439-442, 2009.
Barbosa, F.R.; Maia, L.C.; Gusmão, L.P. Fungos conidiais associados ao folhedo de Clusia
melchiorii Gleason e C. nemorosa G. Mey. (Clusiaceae) em fragmento de. Acta Botanica
Brasilica, v. 23, p. 79-84, 2009.
Barbosa, F.R.; Maia, L.C.; Gusmão, L.P. Novos registros de Hyphomycetes decompositores para
o estado da Bahia, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 23, p. 323-329, 2009.
Barros, I.C.L.; Xavier, S.R.Silva. Pteridófitas do estado de Pernambuco: Gleicheniaceae. Bradea,
v. 14, p. 11-20, 2009.
Bastos, C.J.P.; Yano, O. O gênero Lejeunea Libert (Lejeuneaceae) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil.
Hoehnea, v. 36, p. 303-320, 2009.
Berg, C.C.; Pirani, J.R. Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Urticaceae s.l. Boletim de Botânica, v.
27, p. 107-108, 2009.
Bordin, J. ; Yano, O. Novas ocorrências de Musgos (Bryophyta) para o Estado do Rio Grande do
Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v. 32, p. 455-477, 2009.
Bordin, J. ; Yano, O. Novas ocorrências de antóceros e hepáticas para o Estado do Rio Grande do
Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v. 32, p. 189-211, 2009.
28
Bordin, J. ; Yano, O. Briófitas do Centro Urbano de Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Hoehnea, v. 36, p. 7-71, 2009.
Campacci, T.V.S.; Gugliotta, A.M. A review of Amauroderma in Brazil, with the new record of A.
oblongisporum in the neotropics. Mycotaxon, v. 110, p. 423-436, 2009.
Carrijo, T.T.; Freitas, M.F.; Peixoto, A.L. The identity and typification of Stylogyne laxiflora
(Myrsinaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany, v. 27, p. 454-455, 2009.
Carvalho-Sobrinho, J.G.; Santos, F.A.R.; Queiroz, L.P. Morfologia dos tricomas das pétalas de
espécies de Pseudobombax Dugand (Malvaceae, Bombacoideae) e seu significado
taxonômico. Acta Botanica Brasílica, v. 23, p. 929-934, 2009.
Cervi, A.C.; Bona, C.; Moço. M.C.C.; Linsingen, L.V. Macrófitas aquáticas do Município de General
Carneiro, Paraná, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, v. 9, p. 1-8, 2009.
Chiron, G.R.; Oliveira, R.P.; Santos, T.M.; Bellvert, F.; Bertrand, C.; Van Den Berg, C. Evolution of
Baptistonia (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae): phylogeny and floral oil evolution. Plant Systematics and
Evolution, v. 281, p. 35-49, 2009.
Christo, A.G.; Guedes-Bruni, R.R.; Silva, A.G.; Peixoto, A.L. Structure of the shrub-arboreal
component of an Atlantic Forest fragment on a hillock in the central lowland of Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil. Interciencia, v. 34, p. 232-239, 2009.
Coelho, M.A.N.; Mayo, S.J. ; Waechter, J.L. Revisão taxonômica das espécies de Anthurium
(Araceae) seção Urospadix subseção flavescentiviridia. Rodriguesia, v. 60, p. 799-864, 2009.
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Costa, A.F.; Takata, R.M. Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Ulmaceae. Boletim de Botânica, v.
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Costa, N.M.S.; Van Den Berg, C. A new species of Stylosanthes Sw. (LeguminosaePapilionoideae) from Paraná, Brazil. Neodiversity, v. 4, p. 9-13, 2009.
Costa, A. F.; Rodrigues, P.J.P.; Wanderley, M.G.L. Morphometric analysis and taxonomic revision
of Vriesea paraibica complex Wawra (Bromeliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,
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Drechsler-Santos, E.R.; Gibertoni, T.B.; Góes-Neto, A.; Cavalcanti, M.A.Q. A re-evalutation of the
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(Poaceae) no Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Boletim de Botânica, v. 27, p.
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Ferreira, F.M.; Costa, A.F.; Forzza, R.C. Bambusoideae (Poaceae) no Parque Estadual do
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Fiaschi, P.; Pirani, J.R. Review of plant biogeographic studies in Brazil. Journal of Systematics and
Evolution, v. 47, p. 477-496, 2009.
Filgueiras, T.S.; Prado, J. Proposal to maintain the terminations of plant names cited in a validating
Latin description or diagnosis in a new protologue. Taxon, v. 58, p. 663-664, 2009.
Garcia, R.J.F.; Longhi-Wagner, H.M.; Pirani, J.R.; Meirelles, S.T. A contribution to the
phytogeography of Brazilian campos: an analysis based on Poaceae. Revista Brasileira de
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Giulietti, A. M. ; Andrade, M. J. G. De ; Parra, L. R. ; Van Den Berg, C. ; Harley, R. M. . (1902)
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Gomes-Silva, A.C.; Ryvarden, L.; Gibertoni, T.B. New and interesting species of
Hymenochaetaceae from the Brazilian Amazonia. Mycological Progress, v. 8, p. 273-279, 2009.
Goto, B.T.; Costa, C.M.C.; Maia, L.C. Glomus halonatum Rose & Trappe (Glomeromycota) in
South America: comments on the morphological characteristics of the species. Acta Botanica
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Grokoviski, L.; Cervi, A.C.; Tardivo, R.C. O Gênero Piptocarpha R. Br. (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)
no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, v. 23, p. 486-498, 2009.
Iganci, J.R.V.; Morim, M.P.; Abarema (Leguminosae, Mimosideae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
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Iganci, J.R.V.; Morim, M.P. Three new species of Abarema (Leguminosae Mimosoideae) from
south-eastern Brazil. Kew Bulletin, v. 64, p. 271-277, 2009.
Linsingen, L.V.; Cervi, A.C.; Guimarães, O. A. Sinopse Taxonômica da Família Combretaceae R.
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flora do Estado do Paraná. Acta Biologica Paranaense, v. 38, p. 187-192, 2009.
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Marquínez, X.; Lohmann, L.G.; Salatino, M.L.F.; Salatino, A.; González, F. Generic relationships
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Botânica, v. 27, p. 247-251, 2009.
Medeiros, D.; de Senna Valle, L.; Alves, R.J.V. ; Alves, R.J.V. Two new species of Croton L.
(Euphorbiaceae) from campos rupestres of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The Journal of the
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Melo, J.I.M.; Alves, M.V.; Semir, J. Padrões de distribuição geográfica das espécies de Euploca e
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Moran, R.C.; Prado, J.; Labiak, P. H. Megalastrum (Dryopteridaceae) in the West Indies. Brittonia,
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Moran, R.C.; Prado, J.; Labiak, P.H. Megalastrum (Dryopteridaceae) in Brazil, Paraguay, and
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Mota, R.C.; Barros, F.; Stehmann, J.R. Two New Species of Orchidaceae from Brazil:
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Pereira, J.; Bezerra, J.L.; Maia, L.C. Revision of taxa of the URM Herbarium 2. Hypoxylon species
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Pereira, M.S.; Barbosa, M.R.V. Uma nova espécie de Coussarea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) para a Mata
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Prado, J.; Moran, R.C. Checklist of the ferns and lycophytes of Acre State, Brazil. Fern Gazette, v.
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Romaniuc-Neto, S.; Gaglioti, A.L.; Guido, B.M.O. Urticaceae Juss. do Parque Estadual das Fontes
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Simon, M. F.; Grether, R.; Queiroz, L.P.; Skema, C.; Pennington, R.T.; Hughes, C. E. Recent
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31
Zuquim, G.; Costa, F.R.C.; Prado, J.; Braga-Neto, R. Distribution of pteridophyte communities
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