Chapter 21 ROYAL POWER AND
CONFLICT 1500-1700
SPAIN
http://imgs.logitheque.com/imgl/18191.jpg
*SPAIN*
► In the 1500’s & 1600’s
European monarchs
sought all power
> Absolutism-Absolute
unlimited power goes to
monarch
> Divine Right - Idea that
monarchs receive power
directly from God & must
answer to God for any
and all actions taken
www.historywiz.com/.
Phillip II of Spain
> Ruled 1556-1598,
considered most powerful
monarch in Sp. history
> Memb. Of Hapsburg
family – most powerful in
all of England
> Devout Catholic that
made it his mission to
end Protestantism
> Made Castilian part of
Spain and made Madrid
the capital
http://www.wga.hu/art/t/tiziano/2portrai/philip_2.jpg
► Religious Policy
> Phillip II targeted
protestant groups like the
Marranos (Jews>Catholic)
and the Moriscos
(Muslims>Catholic)
> Supported the Inquisition
to exterminate these
people from Spain
> Despite revolts, Philip II
was actually successful
> Tried to exterminate all
Protestants in
Netherlands, but England
helped protestants
> Philip II made plans to
then attack England
http://www.web.net/~jharnick/inquisil.jpg
Spanish Armada
> May 1588 – 130 ships,
33,000 men set out to
invade the English
> Armada – a fleet of
ships
> English were far more
advanced in their Navy
Dept.:
1) Faster ships, 2) More
maneuverable, 3) Long
range cannons
> Defeat marked the end
of Phillip II and the
Spaniards rule of Europe
http://www.3dnworld.com/users/29/images/sckinsalea.jpg
► Last of the Spanish
Hapsburgs
> Costly wars & an
increase in gold/silver
led to INFLATION
(Price)
> Corrupt leaders made
things worse with
overtaxing
> Charles the II was
the last of the
Hapsburgs – had no
children to take over
the throne
http://212.84.179.117/i/Charles%20II.jpg
El Greco
Created a dramatic
and expressionistic
style, which puzzled
many, but was
appreciated more
later
 Known as the founder
of expressionistic
painting ~ distort
reality to focus on
emotion

Chapter 21 ROYAL POWER AND
CONFLICT 1500-1700
ENGLAND
http://englishhistory.net/tudorroyalarms1.jpg
*ENGLAND*
► The Tudor family
dynasty in England
brought unity from
1485-1603
> Very popular b/c they
were hard working
and treated their
subjects well mostly
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_period
►Early Tudors
> Henry VII – First Tudor
monarch (1485) –
avoided war and
concentrated on
prosperity and welfare of
English people
> Henry VIII – fought many
years to gain English land
& build Navy
* Became very popular
when he married 6 times
in pursuit of a male heir
breaking rules of Catholic
church
* Son of Henry VII
http://www.wga.hu/art/h/holbein/hans_y/1535h/02henry8.jpg
> Edward VI–Took the
throne at 9yrs. old
but died after 6 yrs.
of reign
* Son of Henry VIII
> Mary I – Devout
murderous Catholic
set out to kill all
Protestants.
* Married Phillip II of
Spain – devout
murderous Catholic
* ½ sister of Edward VI
http://tudorhistory.org/mary/queenmary2.jpg
Elizabeth I
> Elizabeth I - Protestant
background gained her
trust and respect
* Great cultural periodPoetry, Literature,
Playwrights- Shakespeare
all thrived
* Refused to marry b/c it
would cause chaos and
jealousy among nobles
and religious groups
* Trusted a council of
nobles in handling foreign
policy, economy and laws
http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk/Elizabeth%20I.jpg
* Believed in social rank and
knowing your place in
society
* Statute of Apprentices –
declared work to be a
social and moral duty of all
people
* Poor laws of 1597 – Made
local areas responsible for
homeless and unemployed
* Supported the maintaining
and building of a strong
Navy
http://www.darkpeakimages.co.uk/albums/misc/FIELDS.jpg
Balance of Power
http://www.gunpowderplot.parliament.uk/images/pictures/img_30_sml.jpg
* Balance of Power – Set up
to stop one power in
Europe from gaining to
much power
* Feared a takeover by Spain
or France – Made amends
with Scotland and Ireland
so there wouldn’t be bases
* With Elizabeth’s death came
the end of the Tudor
Dynasty
* King James of Scotland took
the throne and united
Scotland and England under
one throne
Chapter 21 ROYAL POWER AND
CONFLICT 1500-1700
FRANCE/GERMAN STATES/RUSSIA
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*FRANCE*
► In France the
Bourbon Dynasty
ruled from 1589 to
early 1800’s
►Henry IV - Restored
peace & prosperity to
France by not
emphasizing religion
> Protestant king, but
converted to
Catholicism to keep
the peace
http://www.chivalricorders.org/royalty/bourbon/twosicilies/images/chasferd.jpg
> Assassinated in 1610,
son Louis XIII (9)
took over
* Mother Marie Medici
helped for 7 yrs until
Louis exiled her
* Gave a lot of power to
Cardinal Richelieu
who used the power
to bring down the
rights of the
protestants
http://www.latribunedelart.com/Nouvelles_breves_2003_12/Frans_Pourbus_-_Portrait_de_Louis_XIII_enfant.JPG
Louis XIV
> Known as the most
powerful Bourbon
monarch of them all
> Took throne at 5, but had
mother, Anne of Austria
& Cardinal Mazarin act as
regents until he was old
enough
> Ruled for 72 years as an
absolute monarch to
prevent uprisings
* “Gods judgment is
heaviest for those that
are in command”
http://www.visitvoltaire.com/images/louis14aftrigaud_1638-1715lrg36k.jpg
> Built the Palace of
Versailles – demonstrates
the wealth, power and
glory of France
* 10,000 nobles lived here
so Louis could keep an
eye on them
* Mirrored walls, hundreds
of offices & rooms, lavish
staircases
> Unfair with tax - Poor
were taxed to death…
rich didn’t pay a dime
http://www.ricksteves.com/images/france/versailles.jpg
http://www.nectec.or.th/courseware/gerneral/versailles.jpg
http://www.soulofamerica.com/tours/paris_photos/paris_v/Palace_of_Versailles.jpg
http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/Graphics_Chateaux/wpe12-1.jpg
The chapel in the Palace of Versailles, decorated in gold and white harmony.
This masterpiece of the Mansart style was completed in 1710. Louis XIV and
his successors attended mass here every day.
The chapel ceiling in the Palace of Versailles. The exquisite
decoration of every portion of the building was meant to awe
people while reflecting the glory of the absolute monarch.
The Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles. This famous room at Versailles
was begun by Mansart in 1678 and decorated by Le Brun with seventeen large
windows matched with corresponding reflecting mirrors. On June 28, 1919, the
treaty ending the First World War was signed in this room.
The Palace of Versailles. Built by Louis XIV outside Paris, its amazing interior, acres of formal gardens,
many fountains, and statues of classical antiquity, reflected and enhanced the grandeur of the French
monarchy. About 25,000 noblemen and their families lived here. By requiring the aristocracy to live with him
at court, Louis effectively stripped them of power they might otherwise have used against him.
Name some of the ways France paid for
this extravagant building?
> Religious Policy - All
Catholic society deported everyone else
> Jean Baptist ColbertLouis’s main man
promoted trade and
industry to boost the
economy
> Francois Michel Le
Tellier, the Marquis de
Lovois - served as
minister of war and
boosted France’s military
http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/image/colbert2.jpg
*GERMAN STATES*

Thirty Years War –
After the Peace of
Augsburg – war that
started over Catholics
and Protestants
ended in Germany
losing 30% of their
land ~ taken by
Catholic countries
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johannn Sebastian
Bach was one of
Germanys finest
music composers
 Famous works: The

Brandenberg
Concertos, WellTempered Clavier and
Art of the Fugue
The Childhood and Education of
Johann Sebastian Bach (4 min.)
Maria Theresa of Austria
Known as “the most
human” of the
Hapsburg family
 Although very
conservative and
religious, developed
reform for the poor
~Had 16 children ~
advised them on how
to rule – take care of
the people!

Frederick II
A,K.A. - Frederick the
Great, separated from
the German States to
put Prussia on the
map as a world power
 Believed the purpose
of government was to
expand borders

Frederick II, King of Prussia (5min.)
*RUSSIA*
Ivan IV – “Ivan the
Terrible” or “Awesome”
 Waged war with
bordering countries to
gain land and seaports
 Terrorized his own
people and ruled by
fear

Peter the Great
Expanded Russia's
borders to the south
 Modernized the
military and the
country to match
Europe
 St Petersburg –
capital – became
Russia's “Window to
the West”

Catherine II
A.K.A. Catherine the
Great – expanded
Russia’s borders to
the south and gained
a sea port on the
Black Sea
 Kept poor extremely
poor and brutally put
down any uprisings in
Russia
