BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
How to plan for Nature?
Communication and participation
Testing workshop
Camp Reinsehlen, 25 – 27 January 2012
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Presentation outline
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Communication
Participation
Faciltiation
Stakeholder analysis
Key points to remember
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communication – the basics
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Why do we communicate?
What happens when we communicate and what not?
Types of communication
– Instrumental
– Interactive
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Organizational communication
– External
– Internal
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Means of communication
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Why do people communicate?
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Communication is essential in life
Communicate even if unaware of it
Individuals and groups need to communicate for basic
life needs and to express identity
Communication enables relationships between people
and therefore for society to function
Groups communicate to maintain identity and to develop
knowledge within group
Communicating Nature Conservation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Traditional communication model
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Instrumental communication
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
What is Communication?
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Oxford English Dictionary: “The exchange of
thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech,
signals, writing or behaviour.”
The meaning is wide ranging can include discussion,
a newspaper article, a letter, observing a red traffic
light, body language, etc.
Wikipedia defines:
Communicating Nature Conservation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communication as an interactive process
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Participation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Facilitation is
“Helping others to have a discussion or reach
a conclusion or consensus by:
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Creating the right ambience
Setting the right ground rules
Encouraging constructive behaviour
Discouraging destructive behaviour
Ensuring that everyone has their say
Not disrupting the flow of discussion and ideas (even if
you disagree!)
– Steering the direction of discussion – not directing”
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Communicating Nature Conservation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Stakeholder participation
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Who are the stakeholders?
Why to involve stakeholders in BES planning?
Stakeholder analysis
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Where are we now?
Vision
Where have
we come
from?
Plans
Past
Present
Where would
we like to be?
Future
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
A stakeholder..
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Who are directly involved in the project and who need
to carry out the practical decisions and actions in
terms of planning, design and actual implementation
in terms of protection, management, restoration or
creation of habitat and associated work with species
– Land managers, contractors, conservation NGOs and
volunteers, etc
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Who are directly affected by the plan or activity and
can influence it but who are not directly involved in the
work
– Landowners, local residents, hunters, birdwatchers,
recreational users, etc
A stakeholder..
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BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Whose permission, approval or (financial) support will be
needed
– Regional and municipal authorities, local representatives of
ministries, agencies and state institutes, etc
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Who may participate in implementation via community
mobilisation efforts or by representing a particular
segment of society
– Environmental organizations, elected officials, chamber of
commerce representatives, neighborhood advisory council
members, religious leaders, etc
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
A stakeholder..
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Who may not be directly involved but who can
influence opinions for or against the plan or activity
– Local celebrities, local media, elected officials, business or
trade union leaders, environmental organizations, chamber
of commerce representatives, teachers, neighborhood group
members, religious leaders, etc
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Why stakeholder involvement?
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Ownership
Empowerment
Sustainability
Relevance
Impact
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Learning
Synergy and collaboration
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Integration of different sectors..
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
TRADITIONAL APPROACH
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
PARTICIPATIVE
APPROACH
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Understanding stakeholders
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Stakeholders have:
– World views, values, norms,
cultural context
– Interests
– Power
– Conflicts
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Institutions – organisations
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Questions:
– What are the important government, business
and NGO organisations?
– How effectively are these organisations
performing?
– How are the different organisations linked
together (power relations, communications,
joint work, competitors)
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Participatory Tools and Techniques
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Rich pictures
Brainstorming
Visioning
Questionnaires and surveys
Cause and effect mapping
Historical analysis
Locality mapping
Focus groups
Semi-structured interviewing
Flow diagrams
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Role plays
SWOT analysis
Institutional linkages
Information tabulation and
graphing
Matrix analysis
Issue analysis
Card technique
Nominal group technique
Action planning
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Stakeholder analysis
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Methods:
– Stakeholder maps
– Institutional diagram
– Secondary data
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Questions:
– Who are the key stakeholders?
– How do different stakeholder groups interact?
– What are the power relations between different
groups?
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Why do we need stakeholder analysis?
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To empirically discover existing patterns of interactions
To mobilise key stakeholders and to build up a common
awareness
To target interventions and approaches
As a management tool in policy making
As a tool to predict and/or manage conflicts
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Important stages in stakeholder analysis
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Before the situation analysis starts:
– When defining the scope of the policy/project
During the problem identification and analysis:
– to mobilise stakeholders & to analyse the stakeholders’
needs and interests, objectives, linkages and
interactions, etc.
While designing the project strategy or policy:
– to balance conflicting interests and to assure
commitment/participation in implementation
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Key questions in stakeholder analysis
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Who are the stakeholders in a system, with regard to
a certain project / programme?
What are their interests, views, objectives?
How important are they?
How are they affected?
How do they affect / influence the project /
programme outcomes?
What kind of relations?
How should stakeholders participate or contribute?
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Conditions for successful stakeholder involvement
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Clear mandates and legitimacy for the process
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Engagement of all key stakeholders
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Incentives for participation
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Integration with existing institutions and processes
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Clear scope and boundaries of the content
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Co-ordination between different scales
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Effective facilitation and leadership
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Utilise a diversity of methodologies
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Establish and monitor performance questions and indicators
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Means of communication
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Newsletters
Magazines
Manuals for employees
Programmes for orientation
Bulletin boards
Meetings
Staff day outs
Awards
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Communication planning
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Anaylse the situation
Set targets
Decide on action
Implement
Evaluate
BD SKILLS – Skills for Local Biodiversity
Key skills..
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Facilitation
Moderation
Interpersonal
Commitment to the success
Flexible
Openness and transparency
Honesty
Positive attitude