Приложение №2
Auding comprehension. Television Exposure Damages Child Speech
By Sarah Boseley.
Dr Sally Ward, the .country's leading authority on the (1)
of young children, believes that
babies under one yearold should not (2)
at all. Children of two or three should watch for no more
than an hour a day.
Dr Ward's ten-year study of babies and toddlers in inner-city Manchester showed television (3)
speech develop ment in children. The background noise from televisions (4)
as early as
they should. At eight months, they nei ther recognized their names nor basic words like "juice" and
"bricks". At three, they had the languages of (5) ......
Now she has found that children from well-to-do families (6)
in the same way. 'The
television is being used (7) .................................. , with nannies particularly. Some of these mid dle-class
children are spending far too much time watching television
and videos". "They get very fixed on the (8) ........ We found in our s t u d y i t w a s q u i t e d i f f i c u l t
t o g e t t h e m i n t e r e s t e d (9) ........................... " Parents or minders had stopped talking to. them.
They were not being taught a basic vocabulary through (10)
with adults.
"All the evidence showed, - said Dr Ward, - that children whose language was below standard at
the age of three could be (11)
;
"
New words:
television exposure – подвергаться воздействию TB
inner-city – бедные районы города
well-to-do - богатые
handicap — быть помехой препятствовать
nannies = minders = babysitters –люди. присматривающие за детьми
evidence - строительство
be set back - быть отброшенным назад, отставать в развитии.
K e ys :
1. speech development
2. watch TV
3. was delaying
4. stopped them from learning
5. one year olds
6. are being handicapped
7. as a babysitter
8. colours and flashing lights
9. in toys
10. one-to-one conversations
11. set back for life
TV Brings up Aggression and Violence
Reading comprehension. You are going to read a newspaper article about TV influence on children.
Five paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-F the one which fits
each gap. One is extra. There is an example at the beginning.
Every day some 40 million American children aged two through eleven tune into their family television
sets for an average viewing time of 3 l/2 hours. By the age of 12, they have an average viewing time of 13,500
hours each - far more than double the time they spend in the schoolroom. 0-С
What is the effect of all this television violence on young people? Consider these findings:
At the University of North Carolina Child Development Centre, researchers divided ten preschoolers who had
similar television and play habits into pairs.
1-?
Survey teams studied 2900 junior- and senior-high scholars and 1500 graduates from almost 100 schools
throughout the nation. In each group the researchers found a correlation between television-violence viewing
and troublemaking behaviour.
2-?
Why? To find out, a professor of an American University interviewed 24 Los Angeles producers and
scriptwriters - a group responsible for nearly all the cartoons and live-action programs for the Saturday-morning
children's audience. None had any specific academic background for preparing children's programs.
3-?
The sad truth is that programming for children grew up within the television industry almost accidentally,
without any thought to their welfare. And so today we have put control over our children's minds into the hands
of broadcasters, toy and food manufacturers, and other commercial interests whose dominant concern is what's
good for profits and sales. 4-?
A. Then, over 11-day period, one child was shown a violent Saturday morning television program while his
partner watched a nonaggressive show. The five shown violent programming became remarkably more
aggressive, some even tripling their violent acts (kicking, hitting, pushing), while the behavior of the other
five remained largely unchanged.
B. Over half had been in entertainment, advertising or publicity. Most displayed a complete
indifference to possible harmful effects of their programs on children. uAs long as we are on the air", said one
producer, "I don't care."
C. In the process, they will have watched 101,000 violent episodes, including 13,400 deaths.
D. "We are the only nation whose broadcasting treats children as a means of advancing profits and not as a
national treasure", says one re searcher.
E. The studies showed that programs contained incidents of physical force intended to hurt or kill at a rate
of eight per hour. And cartoons -the main part of children's programming - averaged 22 such incidents
hourly.
F. Psychologists have argued that the presentation of violence on TV might lead young people to regard
violence as acceptable behavior. TV is a major factor in American life.
K eys: 0 -C
1-A
2 -E
3-B
4-D
F- extra
New words:
remarkably – в высшей степени
survey –обследование
a correlation - взаимосвязь, сoотношение
scriptwriters – сценаристы,
welfare – благополучие , политика отстаивающая введение социального благополучия
dominant concern – основная забота, тревога
to advance profits – увеличивать доход