Prologue: The Story of Psychology
Contemporary Psychology
Early Science
Subfields
Psychology’s roots
Study Skills
1. Psychology is defined as:
• A) the study of behavior and mental
processes.
• B) the study of behavior.
• C) the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes.
• D) the science of behavior and
consequences.
2. Socrates and Plato were in
agreement that:
• A) knowledge is something we are born
with.
• B) knowledge is something taught and
learned.
• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
• D) the mind is the activity of the
brain.
3. It was _____ who believed that the
mind grows from experiences in our
memory.
•
•
•
•
A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Descartes
D) Aristotle
4. ____ believed the fluid in the
cavities of the brain contained
“animal spirits”.
•
•
•
•
A) Plato
B) Bacon
C) Aristotle
D) Descartes
5. An essay of the political philosopher
_____, arguing the mind is a blank
slate, helped form modern
empiricism.
•
•
•
•
A) Bacon
B) Locke
C) Descartes
D) Plato
6. The first psychological laboratory was
established by:
•
•
•
•
A) Wilhelm Wundt.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) John Locke.
D) B.F. Skinner.
7. Tichner believed in the method
called ____ to investigate
psychological processes.
• A) the experimental method
• B) cause-and-effect
relationships
• C) introspection
• D) psychoanalysis
8. William James studied behavior
based on how it was adaptive. He was
heavily influenced by _____.
•
•
•
•
A) John Locke
B) Charles Darwin
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Francis Bacon
9. Mary Calkins was famous for:
• A) being the first female president of
the APA.
• B) being a leading proponent of
structuralism.
• C) being the first female graduate
student, thanks to Titchner.
• D) all of the above.
10. The first textbook was written
by:
•
•
•
•
A) Washburn.
B) Titchner.
C) Wundt.
D) James.
11. Watson and Skinner would be
in agreement in their:
• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.
• B) dismissal of introspection.
• C) definition of psychology as the study
of behavior and mental processes.
• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.
12. Current psychology employs three
main levels of analysis, which include
all of the following except:
•
•
•
•
A) biological.
B) psychological.
C) psychoanalytical.
D) social-cultural.
13. A psychologist explains human mate
selection in terms of helping the species to
continue. She is using the ____
perspective.
•
•
•
•
A) social-cultural
B) neuroscience
C) evolutionary
D) biological
14. In psychology, the current stand on
the nature-nurture controversy is:
• A) nature works on what nature endows.
• B) learning is far more important than
genetics.
• C) genetics is far more important than
learning.
• D) we are born with a blank slate until
learning occurs.
15. In studying anger, the psychologist who
views an anger outburst as an outlet for
unconscious hostility is coming from the ___
perspective.
•
•
•
•
A) neuroscience
B) evolutionary
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic
16. The psychologist most likely to
treat mental disorders is the:
•
•
•
•
A) counseling psychologist.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) personality psychologist.
D) developmental psychologist.
17. The ___ has a medical degree and
prescribes medication.
•
•
•
•
A) clinical psychologist
B) neuropsychologist
C) psychiatrist
D) all of the above
18. You are a VP in a major corporation
and need to hire a professional to help
hire and train employees more effectively.
Your best choice would likely be a(n):
• A) industrial/organizational
psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) social psychologist.
• D) cognitive psychologist.
19. Research aimed at building
psychology’s knowledge base is:
•
•
•
•
A) applied research.
B) academic research.
C) basic research.
D) theoretical research.
20. The psychological specialty most
likely to focus on applied research is:
•
•
•
•
A) Biological Psychology.
B) Cognitive Psychology.
C) Personality Psychology.
D) Industrial/Organizational
Psychology.
•
•
•
•
21. The correct order of the SQ3R
method is:
A) survey, question, review, read,
reflect.
B) survey, question, read, review,
reflect.
C) survey, question, read, reorganize,
regurgitate.
D) study, question, re-study,
re-read, review.
22. Your friend, Bob, tells you he only
studies the day before the test, so it is,
“fresh”. You point out:
• A) short-term memory is more accurate
than long-term memory.
• B) studying right before the test is better
than the day before.
• C) spaced practice is more effective.
• D) as long as he follows the SQ3R
model, he should do fine.
23. In class, you can listen actively by:
• A) asking questions.
• B) write down main ideas.
• C) thinking about what is
being said.
• D) all of the above.
24: Your text recommends the way to
answer multiple-choice questions is to:
•
•
•
•
A) cover the answers first.
B) weigh the potential of each answer.
C) eliminate the wrong answers first.
D) imagine how each answer could be
the right one.
25. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active
listening, stating, “No reception without reaction,
no impression without . . . expression.”
•
•
•
•
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William James
C) John Locke
D) Wilhelm Wundt
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Psychology is defined as:
• A) the study of behavior and mental
processes.
• B) the study of behavior.
• C) the scientific study of behavior
and mental processes.
• D) the science of behavior and
consequences.
2
2. Socrates and Plato were in
agreement that:
• A) knowledge is something we are
born with.
• B) knowledge is something taught and
learned.
• C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
• D) the mind is the activity of the
brain.
2
3. It was _____ who believed that the
mind grows from experiences in our
memory.
•
•
•
•
A) Socrates
B) Plato
C) Descartes
D) Aristotle
2
4. ____ believed the fluid in the
cavities of the brain contained
“animal spirits”.
•
•
•
•
A) Plato
B) Bacon
C) Aristotle
D) Descartes
3
5. An essay of the political philosopher
_____, arguing the mind is a blank
slate, helped form modern
empiricism.
•
•
•
•
A) Bacon
B) Locke
C) Descartes
D) Plato
3
6. The first psychological laboratory was
established by:
•
•
•
•
A) Wilhelm Wundt.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) John Locke.
D) B.F. Skinner.
4
7. Titchner believed in the method
called ____ to investigate
psychological processes.
• A) the experimental method
• B) cause-and-effect
relationships
• C) introspection
• D) psychoanalysis
4
8. William James studied behavior
based on how it was adaptive. He was
heavily influenced by _____.
•
•
•
•
A) John Locke
B) Charles Darwin
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Francis Bacon
5
9. Mary Calkins was famous for:
• A) being the first female president
of the APA.
• B) being a leading proponent of
structuralism.
• C) being the first female graduate
student, thanks to Titchner.
• D) all of the above.
5
10. The first textbook was written
by:
•
•
•
•
A) Washburn.
B) Titchner.
C) Wundt.
D) James.
6
11. Watson and Skinner would be
in agreement in their:
• A) high esteem of psychoanalysis.
• B) dismissal of introspection.
• C) definition of psychology as the study
of behavior and mental processes.
• D) study of cognitive neuroscience.
7
12. Current psychology employs three
main levels of analysis, which include
all of the following except:
•
•
•
•
A) biological.
B) psychological.
C) psychoanalytical.
D) social-cultural.
10
13. A psychologist explains human mate
selection in terms of helping the species to
continue. She is using the ____
perspective.
•
•
•
•
A) social-cultural
B) neuroscience
C) evolutionary
D) biological
11
14. In psychology, the current stand on
the nature-nurture controversy is:
• A) nature works on what nature endows.
• B) learning is far more important than
genetics.
• C) genetics is far more important than
learning.
• D) we are born with a blank slate until
learning occurs.
10
15. In studying anger, the psychologist who
views an anger outburst as an outlet for
unconscious hostility is coming from the ___
perspective.
•
•
•
•
A) neuroscience
B) evolutionary
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic
11
16. The psychologist most likely to
treat mental disorders is the:
•
•
•
•
A) counseling psychologist.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) personality psychologist.
D) developmental psychologist.
12
17. The ___ has a medical degree and
prescribes medication.
•
•
•
•
A) clinical psychologist
B) neuropsychologist
C) psychiatrist
D) all of the above
13
18. You are a VP in a major corporation
and need to hire a professional to help
hire and train employees more effectively.
Your best choice would likely be a(n):
• A) industrial/organizational
psychologist.
• B) clinical psychologist.
• C) social psychologist.
• D) cognitive psychologist.
12
19. Research aimed at building
psychology’s knowledge base is:
•
•
•
•
A) applied research.
B) academic research.
C) basic research.
D) theoretical research.
12
20. The psychological specialty most
likely to focus on applied research is:
•
•
•
•
A) Biological Psychology.
B) Cognitive Psychology.
C) Personality Psychology.
D) Industrial/Organizational
Psychology.
13
21. Over 100 years ago, _____ urged active
listening, stating, “No reception without reaction,
no impression without . . . expression.”
•
•
•
•
A) Sigmund Freud
B) William James
C) John Locke
D) Wilhelm Wundt
16
Answers
1.
C
9.
A
17.
C
2.
A
10.
D
18.
A
3.
D
11.
B
19.
C
4.
D
12.
C
20.
D
5.
B
13.
C
21.
B
6.
A
14.
A
22.
C
7.
C
15.
D
23.
D
8.
B
16.
B
24.
A
25.
B