A discussion of literary awesomeness
What’s literature?
 literature
 1. The body of written works of a language, period, or
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culture.
2. Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized
artistic value.
3. The art or occupation of a literary writer.
4. The body of written work produced by scholars or
researchers in a given field: medical literature.
5. Printed material: collected all the available literature on
the subject.
6. Music All the compositions of a certain kind or for a
specific instrument or ensemble: the symphonic literature.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/literature
 LITERATURE LEARNING
 What’s literature?
 The writing or the study of books, etc valued as works
of art (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography,
contrasted with technical books and
journalism)(Hornby dictionary).
 What’s learning?
 The acquisition and development of memories and
behaviors, including skills, knowledge,
understanding, values, and wisdom.
 The aims of literature learning
 To widen our knowledge and visions to understand
more about some great literary works, famous authors,
and their thought. It will also make us get acquainted
with their ideas, their feelings, and their attitudes
towards life, man, nature and God.
 The aims of literature learning
 It is a means of transformation, that is, indirectly it may
lead the wrong back to the right path although not all
literary works are preaching and moralizing.
 Instances: Hemingway’s The old man and the sea,
 Dickens’s Oliver twist , Shakespeare’s Hamlet, George
Eliot’s Silas Marner , Jonathan Swift’s Gullivers’s Travel,
Stevenson’s Treasure Island and Oscar wilde’s Happy
prince.
.
 Another Distinction of literary genres:
 Popular Fiction vs. “Serious” Literary works
 Pop fiction like Harry Potter movies and pop song
lyrics are considered less valuable than “serious”
literary works like Shakespearian drama, Dickens's
novels or Wordsworth’s poems
Tom and Jerry is a series of theatrical animated
cartoon films created by William Hanna and Joseph
Barbera for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, centering on a neverending rivalry between a cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry)
whose chases and battles often involved comic violence
(despite this they sometimes become allies to defeat a
'greater enemy' such as Spike the dog). Hanna and Barbera
ultimately wrote, produced and directed 114 Tom and
Jerry
shorts
at
the
MGM
cartoon
studio in Hollywood between 1940 and 1957, when the
animation unit was closed.
 The original series is notable for having won
the Academy Award for Animated Short Film seven
times, tying it with Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies as
the theatrical animated series with the most Oscars. A
longtime television staple, Tom and Jerry has a
worldwide audience that consists of children,
teenagers and adults, and has also been recognized as
one of the most famous and longest-lived rivalries in
American cinema. In 2000, TIME named the series
one of the greatest television shows of all time.
SpongeBob
SquarePants
SpongeBob SquarePants (often referred
to simply as SpongeBob) is an American
animated
television
series,
created
by animator Stephen Hillenburg. Much of
the series centers on the exploits and
adventures of the title character and his
various friends in the underwater city of
Bikini Bottom.
Harry Potter
 Harry Potter is a series of
seven fantasy novels written by the
British author J. K. Rowling. The books
chronicle the adventures of
a wizard, Harry Potter, and his
friendsRonald Weasley and Hermione
Granger, all of whom are students
at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry. The main story arc concerns
Harry's quest to overcome the Dark
wizard Lord Voldemort, whose aims
are to become immortal, conquer the
wizarding world, subjugate nonmagical people, and destroy all those
who stand in his way, especially Harry
Potter.
 Since the release of the first
novel Harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone on 30 June 1997,
the books have gained immense
popularity, critical acclaim and
commercial success worldwide.[2] The
series has also had some share of
criticism, including concern for the
increasingly dark tone. As of June 2011,
the book series has sold about 450
million copies, making it the bestselling books series in history and has
been translated into 67
languages,[3][4] and the last four books
consecutively set records as the fastestselling books in history.
The interestingness of Harry potter
 A series of many genres, including fantasy and coming
of age (with elements of mystery, thriller, adventure,
and romance), it has many cultural meanings and
references.[5][6][7][8] According to Rowling, the
main theme is death,[9] although it is primarily
considered to be a work of children's literature. There
are also many other themes in the series, such as
prejudice and corruption.[10]
The Raid: Redemption
 The Raid:
Redemption (Indonesian: Serbuan
maut; also known as The Raid) is a
2011[9] Indonesian action film written
and directed by Gareth Evans and
starring Iko Uwais. This is the second
collaboration of Evans and Uwais after
their first action
film,Merantau released in 2009. Both
films showcase the traditional
Indonesian martial art pencak silat.
The fight choreographers of The
Raid are Iko Uwais and Yayan Ruhian
who also worked on Merantau. The
U.S. release of the film features music
by Mike hinoda and Joseph Trapanese.
 After its world premiere at the Toronto International
Film Festival (TIFF), The Raid received positive reviews
from critics.[10][11][12] The name of the film was changed
to The Raid: Redemption in the United States because
the production company SPC could not secure the
rights to the title; this also allowed Evans to plan out
future titles in the series.[13][14] It was released on DVD
and Blu-ray Disc on August 14, 2012 in the US.[15]
 Recently in Indonesian people talk about:
 Secular literature vs Islamic/dakwah literature.
 The secular one refers to Shaman’s Ayu Utami and a
writer like Dinar rahayu whereas the Islamic one refers
to HTR, Asma Nadia, Tasaro’s “Nibiru”, Gola Gong etc.
 The aims of literature learning
 Literature helps us to be (become more) realistic,
mature, wise and humane. It helps understand human
values, sentiments, interests and problems. It brings
us closer to other human beings of the same or
different nationalities, cultures, human values etc. we
become more tolerant, balanced and fuller.
Short story
prose
Novella
novel
 Literary genres
Comedy
Literature
Drama
tragedy
Epics
poetry
Ballads
Lyrical
poetry
Elements of fiction
 1. characters: protagonist, antagonist, minor
characters.
 2. setting: time and place
 3. plot: beginning, complication, climax and resolution
(dénouement)
 4.message/theme: what actually the author want to
convey by his or her literary works of art.
 The nature of good literature
 Good literature must seem lifelike and meaningful.
it is caused by its focus on the central themes of all
literature: life, truth, justice and love.
.
 The nature of good literature
 The originality of the works of art. Instances: Hamlet
and Machbeth were real historical characters but then
Shakespeare by his craftsmanship and style made
out of these old figures and stories in a new and
fascinating light.
 The nature of good literature
 It should be life-enhancing. Matthew Arnold said
about poetry as a criticism of life. Andre harjana
says,”literature deals with the the awakeing of mental
conscience and inner self insight”(1985:22).
 Some theories of Literature
 1. imitative theory
 2. expressive theory
 3. affective theory
 Imitative or “mimetic” theory
 This theory holds that art is an imitation of something.
In his Poetics, Aristotle (382-322 B.C) says, that a
tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious and
complete. it is not 100% imitation but a “re-creation”
or “re-presentation”.
 The Expressive theory
 This theory holds that the artist is not essentially an
imitator but a man who expresses his feelings.
According to william wordsworth, “poetry is the
spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and “the
poet’s job is to treat things NOT AS THE ARE..but as
they seem to exist to the sense, the passion.” more than
that it is an effort to pluck the blindfold from our eyes
and melt the ice around our heart. It will deepen our
sensibilities.
 Affective theory
 Affective theory insists that the aim is not to induce a
temporary emotional state. But to induce emotional
state that will lead to action. Leo Tolstoy said that
emotion is not an end but a means. Alexander Pope
said that the aim or art is to reform those whom it
touches.