Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMů
CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488
Předmět
Science and Technology
Autor: Mgr. Kateřina Kozlová
12. června 2013
1
X-ray
Read the text and guess the missing information
The first X-ray photograph was taken by a …….. scientist, Wilhelm Kondrad Röntgen, in
1896. It was his wife´s ……….
X-rays were discoverd by accident, while Röntgen was experimenting with ………. Soon
after, he built the first X-ray machine. Immediately, hospital operations were made
much safer. For the first time, doctors could see inside people´s bodies before they cut
them open. In 1901, Röntgen was awarded the very first Nobel Prize in ………. His
invention is still used every day by ……….. and …………., and is called the ´window into
the human body´. One of the newest methods in medicine used for diagnostic and
therapeutic purposes is ……………………… - a large series of two-dimensional X-ray
images taken in different directions which can be combined into a three-dimensional
image of the inside of the body.
Since the introduction of computer imaging in the 19...0s, X-ray machines have been
used for other things, too. At airports, ……………………………. Also, lost works of art have
been discovered underneath other paintings. In factories, many faults in new products
are found evry day, using X-rays. There is no doubt that new uses for X-rays will be
developed in the future.
12. června 2013
2
X-ray
The first X-ray photograph was taken by a German scientist, Wilhelm Kondrad
Röntgen, in 1896. It was his wife´s hand.
X-rays were discoverd by accident, while Röntgen was experimenting with
electricity. Soon after, he built the first X-ray machine. Immediately, hospital
operations were made much safer. For the first time, doctors could see inside
people´s bodies before they cut them open. In 1901, Röntgen was awarded
the very first Nobel Prize in Physics. His invention is still used every day by
doctors and dentists, and is called the ´window into the human body´. One of
the newest methods in medicine used for diagnostic and therapeutic
purposes is CT scanning (Computed thomopgraphy) - a large series of twodimensional X-ray images taken in different directions which can be combined
into a three-dimensional image of the inside of the body.
Since the introduction of computer imaging in the 1970s, X-ray machines
have been used for other things, too. At airports, many criminals have been
caught with illegal items in their luggage. Also, lost works of art have been
discovered underneath other paintings. In factories, many faults in new
products are found evry day, using X-rays. There is no doubt that new uses for
X-rays will be developed in the future.
12. června 2013
3
Paper
Read the text and guess the missing information
Long ago, before paper, people wrote on ……, …… and …… .
Then in 2700 BC, the …… started to make papyrus, paper-like
material produced from the Cyperus papyrus plant. But the
first real paper was invented in the …… century AD by a
Chinese government official, Ts´ai Lun. It was made from a
mixture of plants and cloth. The Chinese had kept their
invention secret for centuries.
Finally, in the …… century, paper was brought to Europe by the
…… . The first European paper mill was built in Spain in 1150.
Since the 18th century, most paper has been made out of ……
(the most common material is cellulose pulp derived from
……), because it is much stronger than cloth.
Nowadays, each person uses about …… kg of paper every year.
Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the
past 40 years leading to increase in …… .
12. června 2013
4
Paper
Long ago, before paper, people wrote on animal skins, bones
and stones. Then in 2700 BC, the Egyptians started to make
papyrus, paper-like material produced from the Cyperus
papyrus plant. But the first real paper was invented in the 2nd
century AD by a Chinese government official, Ts´ai Lun. It was
made from a mixture of plants and cloth. The Chinese had
kept their invention secret for centuries.
Finally, in the 10th century, paper was brought to Europe by
the Arabs. The first European paper mill was built in Spain in
1150. Since the 18th century, most paper has been made out
of wood (the most common material is cellulose pulp derived
from wood), because it is much stronger than cloth.
Nowadays, each person uses about 300 kg of paper every
year. Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in
the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation.
12. června 2013
5
DNA
Read the text and guess the missing information
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered by a …… scientist,
Friedrich Miescher, in 1869, but nobody realized its importance then.
Other scientists thought that it was too simple to contain the map of
how we are made. In ……, a group of British scientists at Cambridge
University finally discoverd the structure of DNA and how it worked.
They were given the Nobel Prize for …… in 1962.
Gradually, scientists learned to read more and more of the information
in DNA. In 1986, for the first time DNA testing was used by the …… .
Some DNA is usually left by a criminal at the crime scene. This can be
matched with DNA from a suspect. The test shows if the suspect is
guilty.
In 1990 the Human Genome Project was begun. Scientists wanted to
make a map of the 3 billion chemical letters in human DNA. Over ……
scientists all over the world worked on the project, and it took ……
years. With this information, it is possible that a cure for many
diseases will be found in the future. But it also brings with it many
questions. Do we want to be able to choose what our babies will look
like, or pick the best person for a job with DNA tests?
12. června 2013
6
DNA
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was discovered by a German scientist,
Friedrich Miescher, in 1869, but nobody realized its importance then.
Other scientists thought that it was too simple to contain the map of
how we are made. In 1953, a group of British scientists at Cambridge
University finally discoverd the structure of DNA and how it worked.
They were given the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1962.
Gradually, scientists learned to read more and more of the information
in DNA. In 1986, for the first time DNA testing was used by the police.
Some DNA is usually left by a criminal at the crime spot. This can be
matched with DNA from a suspect. The test shows if the suspect is
guilty.
In 1990 the Human Genome Project was begun. Scientists wanted to
make a map of the 3 billion chemical letters in human DNA. Over 1,000
scientists all over the world worked on the project, and it took 10
years. With this information, it is possible that a cure for many
diseases will be found in the future. But it also brings with it many
questions. Do we want to be able to choose what our babies will look
like, or pick the best person for a job with DNA tests?
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Technologies using DNA:
- Genetic engineering – the genetically modified
organisms are produced and used in agriculture
- Forensics – the police gather ´genetic fingerprints´ at a
crime scene to identify criminals
- Bioinformatics - the Human Genome Project
- DNA nanotechnology
- History and anthropology
12. června 2013
8
Google
Read the text and guess the missing information
Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was
invented by two students, Larry …… and Sergey …… . Them met in 1995, when
they were both studying computer science at Stanford University, USA. They
were also both fans of the science fiction TV programme …… , and they loved
the spaceship computer. They dreamed of producing something that could
also answer any question in seconds.
Internet search engines at the time were slow and gave many websites that
weren´t useful. In January ……, L. …… and S. …… decided to make a better and
faster search engine. They thought the result should be based on the
popularity of each website – the most popular ones have the highest number
of ´weblinks´.
Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their credit
cards and bought as much computer memory as possible. They also borrowed
money from family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque for
$...... , and they started their own company. The first office was in a
friend´s……. . The company name Google comes from ……………….
The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide
because it was fast, easy and accurate. By …… it was the biggest search engine
on the Internet.
12. června 2013
9
Google
Google is the most popular Internet search engine in the world. It was invented by two
students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Them met in 1995, when they were both
studying computer science at Stanford University, USA. They were also both fans of
the science fiction TV programme Star Trek, and they loved tha spaceship computer.
They dreamed of producing something that could also answer any question in
seconds.
Internet search engines at the time were slow and gave many websites that weren´t
useful. In January 1996, Page and Brin decided to make a better and faster search
engine. They thought the result should be based on the popularity of each website –
the most popular ones have the highest number of ´weblinks´.
Nobody would give them money for their project, so they used their credit cards and
bought as much computer memory as possible. They also borrowed money from
family and friends. Then, in 1998, they were given a cheque for $ 100,000, and they
started their own company. The first office was in a friend´s garage. The company
name Google comes from mathematics. A ´google´is a very hight number – 1 followed
by a hundred zeros.
The Google search engine was soon used by thousands of people worldwide because
it was fast, easy and accurate. By 2002 it was the biggest search engine on the
Internet.
12. června 2013
10
Match the year, the scientist and the invention
1436
1676
1752
1867
1876
1879
1879
1901
1908
1989
12. června 2013
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
William Hoover
Henry Ford
Alfred Nobel
Johannes Gutenberg
Karl von Linde
Thomas Edison
Tim Berners-Lee
Benjamin Franklin
Alexander Graham Bell
1st domestic refrigerator
the World Wide Web
the electric light bulb
the microscope
the telephone
dynamite
´Model T´car
the lightning conductor
the vacuum cleaner
the printing press
11
KEY Match the year, the scientist and the invention
1436
1676
1752
1867
1876
1879
1879
1901
1908
1989
12. června 2013
Johannes Gutenberg
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Benjamin Franklin
Alfred Nobel
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Karl von Linde
William Hoover
Henry Ford
Tim Berners-Lee
the printing press
the microscope
the lightning conductor
dynamite
the telephone
the electric light bulb
1st domestic refrigerator
the vacuum cleaner
´Model T´car
the World Wide Web
12
Cross the odd one out. Give an explanation.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
orbit - Gagarin - pulp - space suit
camera - celluloid - steam - Lumiere
Daimler - cylinder - engine - radiation
gunpowder - nucleus - split - Little Boy
mould - bacteria - antibiotics - Röntgen
Baird - Marconi - transmit - lenses
slash - at - underscore - comma
12. června 2013
13
KEY Cross the odd one out. Give an explanation.
• orbit - Gagarin (1961) - pulp (paper) - space suit (space flights)
• camera - celluloid - steam (James Watt;1765; steam engine) - Lumiere
(movie; 1895)
• Daimler (1889; car with two-cylinder petrol engine) - cylinder - engine radiation (1898; Marie Sklodowska-Curie)
• gunpowder (Roger Bacon; 1242) - nucleus - split - Little Boy (atomic
bomb; 1932; 1945)
• mould - bacteria - antibiotics (1928; A.Fleming; penicillin) - Röntgen
(1896; X-ray)
• Baird (Scottish; founder of modern TV) - Marconi (wireless transmission) transmit - lenses (contact lences; Otto Wichterle, 1955)
• slash - at - underscore (web pages, e-mail addresses) - comma
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Topics to discussion
• Famous Czech inventors (apart from Jára Cimrman)
• Compare the life in the past and in the present, make
speculations about the life in the future
• Inventions and technology that you use every day (at school,
at work, at home)
• Advantages that science and technology brought to people
(medicine, transport, environment, banking, media, history…)
• Disadvantages of science and technology (cloning,
agriculture, GM products, civilization diseases,
communication…)
• Misuse of science and technology (weapons, pollution,
animal testing, organ trafficking/trade,…)
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15
Použité zdroje
• SOARS, John and Liz. New Headway Pre-Intermediate. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-471683-3.
Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou
autora.
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