Chemistry Exam
Review
Ionic compounds
• two atoms
– Metal + non-metal
• Naming:
1) Name metal.
2) Then name non-metal and change ending to “ide”
3) Check for multivalent metals (use roman
numerals)
•
Formula:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Write symbols (metal first, non-metal second)
Write charges above
Criss-cross numbers
Simplify if possible
Polyatomic compounds
• more than two atoms
– metal + polyatomic ion (many non-metals)
• Naming:
1) Name metal
2) Then name polyatomic ion
3) Check for multivalent metals (use roman
numerals)
•
Formula:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Write symbols
Write charges
Criss-cross numbers
Add brackets around polyatomic ion formula if
putting subscript behind it
5) Simplify if possible
Binary Acids
• two 2 atoms
– starts with H + non-metal second
• Naming:
1) H becomes "hydro"
2) Name non-metal and change ending to "ic"
3) Add acid
• Formula:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Write symbols
Write charges
Criss-cross numbers
Add (aq) to the end
Examples:
• Give the formula:
Hydrofluoric acid
• Give the name:
HCl(aq)
Hydroiodic acid
HBr(aq)
Oxyacids
• more than 2 atoms
– always starts with H + polyatomic ion second
• Naming:
1) Name polyatomic ion
2) If ending is "ate" change ending to "ic acid"
3) If ending is "ite" change ending to "ous acid"
•
Formula:
1) Write symbols
2) Write charges
3) Criss-cross numbers
4) add (aq)
Examples:
• Give the formula:
Nitrous acid
• Give the name:
H2SO4(aq)
Chloric acid
H3PO3(aq)
Molecular compounds
• two atoms
– only non-metals
• Naming:
1) Name first non-metal using prefixes (not
“mono”)
2) Name the second non-metal using all
prefixes
3) Change ending to “ide”
• Formula
1) Write symbols
2) Prefix tells how many of each atom
Balancing Chemical Equations
1) Cannot change any of the subscripts
2) Only add number to the front of the
molecules
3) Leave the simplest molecules or lone
atoms until last
4) Work on the most complicated
molecules first
Word/Chemical Equations
• Need same number and type of atoms
on reactant and product side of
equation Word Equation
Skeleton Equation
Balanced Equation
Types of Reactions
1) Synthesis reaction
•
A + B  AB
2) Decomposition reaction
•
AB  A + B
3) Single displacement reaction
•
AB + C  AC + B or A + BC
4) Double displacement reaction
•
AB + CD  AD + CB
5) Combustions reaction
•
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O
6) Incomplete Combustion reaction
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O + CO + C
7) Neutralization Reaction
acid + base  water + ionic salt
Predicting Products
• Need same type and number of atoms
on reactant side and product side
• Identify which type of reaction it is
– Switch atoms accordingly
• Balance equation
• Na + O2 
• KOH(aq)
Examples
+ H2SO4(aq) 
• FeS
• Cl2 + NaBr 
• NaCl + Cu2SO4 
• C4H6 + O2 
• Al2S3 + Mg 
Acids/Bases/pH
Acid
Base
Neutral
Change in pH
from 1 to 2
pH scale
Change in the number of H+
ions
_______ times more ________
_______ times less _________
from 2 to 5
_______ times more ________
_______ times less _________
from 12 to 8
_______ times more ________
_______ times less _________
Solution A
ACID
Solution C
NEUTRAL
Solution B
BASE