GET STARTED! COMPLETE THIS TASK IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
How many different ways can you combine these
sentences:
I loved the book.
I hated the movie.
POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I
I
I
I
I
loved
loved
loved
loved
loved
the
the
the
the
the
book.
book;
book;
book;
book:
I hated the movie.
but, I hated the movie.
I hated the movie.
however, I hated the movie.
I hated the movie.
TYPES OF SENTENCES
Three basic sentence types:
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR THIS LESSON
Simple Sentence
“Steven has tuition every day after school.”
Why?
• Has a complete thought.
• Has a subject and a verb.
• Also called an independent clause.
Compound Sentence
“Steven has tuition every day after school, but he
hates it.”
Why?
• contains two independent clauses joined by a
coordinator: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(FANBOYS)
• Use a comma before the coordinator
“_______, but _________.”
Where else might you see a
coordinating conjunction?
When connecting two items where one is NOT a
main clause.
• “My dog loves to eat small shoes but not small
children.
• “My dog loves to eat small shoes and squeaky
toys.
When connecting three or more items in a series.
• My dog likes shoes, squeaky toys and small
children
At the beginning of a sentence
• “But he never went back to that part of the
world again.
NO COMMA AFTER
CONJUNCTION
1. Highlight every coordinating conjunction in your
writing.
2. Check to see if the comma is in the correct place.
Complex Sentences
“Although he has tuition every day after school,
Steven hasn’t learned a thing.”
Why?
• has an independent clause joined by one or
more dependent clauses.
• always has a subordinator such as because,
since, after, although, or when or a relative
pronoun such as that, who, or which.
• Requires a comma after the dependent clause
if a subordinator is used at the beginning of the
sentence.
Complex Sentences
Key to identifying the type of complex sentences is
the subordinator and it’s placement in the sentence.
This is called a subordinating conjunction.
after
although
as
because
before
even if
even though
if
since
so that
than
that
though
unless
until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
whether
while
why
Complex Sentences
Subordinating conjunctions have two jobs:
1. provide a necessary transition between the two
ideas in the sentence. This transition will
indicate a time, place, or cause and effect
relationship.
2. reduce the importance of one clause so that a
reader understands which of the two ideas is
more important. The more important idea
belongs in the main clause, the less important
in the clause introduced by the subordinate
conjunction.
3 types of Complex Sentences:
1. Subordinator + Dependent Clause + Comma
+ Independent Clause
2. Independent Clause + Subordinator +
Dependent Clause
3. Independent Clause + Subordinator +Essential
Clause
Independent Clause + Comma + Subordinator
+ Nonessential Clause
3 types of Complex Sentences:
1. Subordinator + Dependent Clause +
Comma + Independent Clause
“Although he has tuition every day
after school, Steven hasn’t learned a
thing.”
3 types of Complex Sentences:
2. Independent Clause + Subordinator +
Dependent Clause
“Steven hasn’t learned a thing
although he has tuition every day
after school.”
3 types of Complex Sentences:
3. Independent Clause + Subordinator +
Essential Clause
Independent Clause + Comma +
Subordinator + Nonessential Clause
“Malone paid the delivery man whose rusty
motorbike choked and coughed in the
driveway.”
“Malone paid Jung Bin, whose rusty
motorbike choked and coughed in the
driveway.”
1. Highlight all of the subordinating conjunctions in
your writing.
2. Check your comma placement.
“Although he has tuition every day after school, Steven
hasn’t learned a thing.”
“Steven hasn’t learned a thing although he has tuition every
day after school.”
“Steven has tuition every day after school, where he studies
maths.”
after
although
as
because
before
even if
even though
if
since
so that
than
that
though
unless
until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
whether
while
why
Okay Smarty Pants. Think you got it? Write one
compound and one complex sentence using the
simple sentence below.
Simple Sentence
My friend invited me to a party.
I do not want to go.
Compound Sentence
You write it
Complex Sentence
You write it
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
although
after
because
if
once
since
when
while
whereas
unless
Wanna learn more? Go to
Chompchomp.com
Punctuation: Purpose,
Hierarchy, Effect
We use punctuation to…
1. make a sentence structurally correct
2. to change the rhythm of a sentence
3. change the meaning of a sentence
We often revise a sentence in order to change the
way a reader will read it.
Often we revise a sentence in order to change the
way a reader will read it.
Often, we revise a sentence in order to change the
way a reader will read it.
More…
You have your own style of writing, just as you have
your own style of walking and whistling and wearing
your hair.
You have your own style of writing, just as you have
your own style of walking, whistling and wearing
your hair.
My sister Mary is coming for a visit.
My sister, Mary, is coming for a visit.
Let’s eat grandma.
Let’s eat, grandma.
My teacher Mr. Schaaf is awesome.
My teacher, Mr. Schaaf, is awesome.
The man sitting by the window is talking to himself.
The man, sitting by the window, is talking to
himself.
Punctuation Hierarchy
•
•
•
•
Period, question mark, exclamation point
Colon, dash, parentheses
Semicolon
Comma
Three committees—marketing, finance, and
fundraising—were set up to plan the conference.
Three committees, marketing, finance, and
fundraising, were set up to plan the conference.
During the second two-year stretch of a president’s term in
office, he may find himself on the defensive, even with his own
party, and, when, as frequently happens, his party loses a
number of Senate and House seats in the midterm election,
that second stretch can become even more defensive.
During the second two-year stretch of a president’s term in
office, he may find himself on the defensive, even with his own
party; when—as frequently happens—his party loses a number
of Senate and House seats in the midterm election, that second
stretch can become even more defensive.
Punctuation: Effects
We use punctuation to achieve an effect…to affect
the reader much the same was a filmmaker does
with camera angles, sound, and special effects.
Each of these sentences achieves a different effect on
the reader.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I
I
I
I
I
loved
loved
loved
loved
loved
the
the
the
the
the
book.
book;
book;
book;
book:
I hated the movie.
but, I hated the movie.
I hated the movie.
however, I hated the movie.
I hated the movie.
One of Robert Frost’s most famous poems is
“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.” In some
printed versions the last stanza begins like this:
The woods are lovely, dark, and deep
But I have promises to keep
In others, the punctuation of the first line follows the
poet’s original:
The woods are lovely, dark and deep
But I have promises to keep
DO YOU THINK THE TWO VERSIONS MEAN THE
SAME THING?