Welcome to IST140
Martin J. Crabtree – Instructor
Fall 2007
Agenda
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Greetings, syllabus, etc.
What are you expecting from this course?
What is the Internet?
Internet definitions
A bit on how the internet works
– Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
– Internet Protocol (IP)
– Domains
• History of the internet
IST140 – Important things you’ll nee
• Text - Internet Literacy, 4th edition, by
Fred Hofstetter
• DO NOT Install FrontPage (on CD that
comes with the textbook) until you’re told
to do so!!!
• You will need something to store/carry
your work (floppy, CD, USB drive)
What are you expecting from
this course?
So let’s get started…
What is the internet?
The Internet is…
• A World wide connection of >285 million
computers
• Uses common Internet protocol (IP)
• Developed by U.S. Department of Defense
in 1969 to protect network data
• Web pages increased from ~300 million in
1998 to ~300 billion in 2003
The Internet
• The Internet is the fastest growing
technology in history:
– Radio too 38 years to gain 50 million listeners.
– Television too 13 years to reach the 50 million
mark.
– The Internet took 4 years to reach 50 million
• In 2005 there were 1.08 billion people using
the Internet (total world population in
2005 was 6.45 billion people)
The Internet is much more than
just the web
Internet ≠ The World Wide Web
Internet ≠ The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web is information
accessible via the Internet.
• The World Wide Web contains documents
and multimedia that are connected by
hyperlinks.
• The Internet is global collection of
networked computers using internet
protocols
Let’s take a closer look at the
internet…
Go to:
www.mccc.edu/~crabtrem/ist140/ex1.htm
Some Internet Definitions
We will talk about these in depth
during this course
The Internet includes a number of
services
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E-mail
Listserv
Newsgroups
Chat rooms
Videoconferencing
File transfer
Multimedia streaming
Rich site summary
Blogging
World Wide Web
Electronic Mail - email
• Most common Internet service
• Mail queues hold both personal and
business items
• Unsolicited mail are increasing problem
List Severs - Listserv
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Uses e-mail protocol
Users must subscribe to list
All users receive same email message
There are 1,000s of listservs
Newsgroups
• Newsgroup subscribers use newsreaders to
access a group’s news feed
• Usenet is an electronic bulletin board
• Newsgroups contain information on most
any topic
Chat
• Popular real-time communication
• Each chat room has a different
conversation
• You can join or create your own chat room
Instant Messaging (IM)
• Instant messaging allows you to contact
friends or associates
• An IM will appear on your screen when a
contact is made
• “IM” is both verb and noun
Videoconferencing
• Uses video camera and microphone
• Less popular than text-only chat
• Higher bandwidths will support future
growth
FTP
• File Transfer Protocol
• Standard method for transferring files over
the Internet from one computer to another
• “FTP” is both verb and noun
FTP
The author clicks the right arrow to FTP a file from his computer to McGraw-Hill.
Multimedia Streaming
• Digital transmission of multimedia
• Uses memory buffer to distribute
(“stream”) data
• Radio and television stations broadcast live
shows
World Wide Web
• WWW is a networked hypertext system
• Hypertext uses underlined links to launch
link objects
• Invented in 1989 by Tim Berners Lee at
CERN lab in Geneva, Switzerland
World Wide Web
• In 1993, NCSA released Mosaic graphical
user interface
• In 1994, Netscape released the popular
Navigator browser
• In 2003, Netscape promoted free, “open
source” products Mozilla, Firefox, and Nvu
Rich Site Summary (RSS)
• RSS uses eXtensible Markup Language
(XML) for handling Web site content
• Popular Web format for distributing news
headlines, project updates, and event
listings
Blogging
• Term blog is short for web log
• Written by different individuals to chronicle
their selected topics for Internet dialog
• Public directories and tools are available
to create these “online diaries”
How does the Internet work?
What is TCP/IP?
• TCP stands for Transmission Control
Protocol
– TCP is a protocol than handles packet routing over
the Internet
• IP stands for Internet Protocol
– IP administers the sending and receiving of computer
addresses
IP Addresses
• Unique for each Internet computer
• Current IP addresses use dotted quad notation
– Four 8-bit numbers separated by periods
• Range 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
• Future IP addresses will use IPv6
– Four 16-bit numbers
• Range 0 to 65,535
Domains and Subdomains
• Domain name system (DNS) allows
alphabetic addresses instead of numbers
– For example, to access the Library of Congress, use
140.147.249.7 or www.loc.gov
• Common top level domains are:
– .edu
– .int
.gov .com .biz .net
.mil .aero .org .pro
A Brief History of the Internet
Brief History of the Internet
• The Internet originated in 1969 when DOD
initiated ARPANET for network security
• During 1970s, universities joined ARPANET
for research opportunities
• In 1983, the military switched to MILNET
Internet History (cont.)
• In 1986, the National Science Foundation
began NSFNET to connect supercomputers
• In 1991, commercial entities were allowed,
speeding expansion greatly
• Currently, U.S. backbone traffic is routed
through network providers
Next time
• Chapter 2 – The Internet's effect on the
world
• Open book quiz – Chapter 1