Title :
Capsule Production
from Chitosan
Authors
Asst. Dr. Sirikul Chunsawang
Collage of Engineering, Rangsit University, THAILAND.
Asst. Dr. Sirirat Wongprakornkul
Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, THAILAND.
Introduction
Chitosan is derived from chitin by removing
and refining the acetyls through a process called
deacetylation.
unsaturated amino polysaccharide
similar to cellulose which is plants fiber
Objectives
1. To prepare chitosan from prawn shells
2. To prepare chitosan capsule
3. To compare chitosan capsule with
gelatin capsule
Methodology
1. preparation of chitin
2. preparation of chitosan
3. capsule production from chitosan
4. testing of chitosan and
gelatin capsule properties.
1. preparation of chitin
prawn shells
150g 300m – 1.18mm
250g 1.18mm - 2.36mm
300g 2.36mm – 4.75mm
8%w NaOH 1:6 w/v 80-90 ๐C 2-3 h
reduced protein
8%w HCl 1:6 w/v 25-30 ๐C 24 h
reduced mineral
2. preparation of chitosan
chitin
50%w NaOH 1:10 w/v 90-120 ๐C 4-5 h
deacetylation
Compared with std Sigma – Aldrich
3. capsule production from chitosan
Chitosan
0.1M acetic acid 0.1:5 w/v
Viscous solution
capsule
Thai Industrial Standards of solid gelatin
capsule, (TIS 913-2532)
4. testing of chitosan and
gelatin capsule properties.
Thai Industrial Standards of solid gelatin capsule,
(TIS 913-2532)
• size and size error of capsule
• moisture resistance
• dissociation
• moisture content
• ash content.
Results & Discussion
chitin
chitosan
The color of chitosan is white & transparent,
crisp flake
%yield= 24-30
Tranmittance of standard chitosan from Sigma Aldrich
NH2
Amide
C–O
COC
Transmittance of chitosan
NH2
Amide
C–O
COC
Ash content of chitosan
Particle size
Ash content (%)
300 m -1.18 mm
0.399
1.18 mm – 2.36 mm
0.496
2.36 mm - 4.75 mm
0.896
Ash content of standard chitosan from
Sigma Aldrich equal to o.5%
(left) Gelatin capsule
(right) Chitosan capsule
size of gelatin capsule
Testing
No.
(gelatin)
1
2
3
4
5
Avg
Length (mm)
one size other size closed
of
of
capsule
capsule
capsule
16.70
16.74
16.70
16.75
16.75
16.73
10.50
10.50
10.58
10.52
10.55
10.53
21.70
21.75
21.75
21.72
21.70
21.72
Mass
(mg)
76.60
79.80
76.30
75.20
76.50
76.88
size of chitosan capsule
Length (mm)
Testing No.
(chitosan)
1
2
3
4
5
Average
one size
of
capsule
other
size of
capsule
closed
capsule
16.75
16.72
16.70
16.75
16.74
16.73
10.55
10.50
10.52
10.55
10.58
10.54
21.75
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.75
21.72
Mass
(mg)
55.80
60.20
52.20
54.80
57.10
56.02
Result of size and size error of capsule
For statistical analysis, the t-test was raised to
perform. We found that both chitosan capsule
and gelatin capsule are not significant.
• One side of capsule with p-value = 0.799
• Other side of capsule with p-value = 0.644
• closed capsule with p-value = 0.799
Mass of chitosan capsule is lighter than
gelatin capsule.
Result of moisture resistance
Chitosan capsule is more durable than gelatin
capsule when we kept into water at 25๐ c for
15 min.
Result of dissociation of capsule
Both gelatin and chitosan capsules were
kept into water pH 7 at 372 ๐C and detected time
when they were dissociated
retesting again by kept into acetic acid
at difference concentration: pH 2, 3, 4, 5, and
6 respectively.
Time (min)
Types
gelatin
chitosan
chitosan
chitosan
chitosan
chitosan
chitosan
pH
7
7
6
5
4
3
2
No. 1 No.2
11
11
not
not
not
not
not
not
not
not
230
240
165
169
average
(min)
No.3
10
10.67
not
not
not
not
not
not
not
not
238
236
180 171.33
Result of moisture content
gelatin and chitosan capsule had average
moisture contents 15.138% and 19.703%
Result of ash content of capsule
ash content of gelatin capsule 1.302%
ash content of chitosan capsule 1.123%
Conclusion
• 150 g of 300 m - 1.18 mm produce 36 g of chitosan
• 250 g of 1.18 mm - 2.36 mm produce 60 g of chitosan
• 300 g of 2.36 mm.- 4.75 mm produce 72 g of chitosan
(24-30%yield)
• Chitosan capsule is resistance to moisture and
dissociate in pH 2 to 3 solution which is the
suitable pH in stomach.
Acknowledgement
Kingfisher holding Ltd.
Rangsit University
Thank you for your attention.