AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
1.Charles V’s vast empire was a.
A well-knit political entity b.
A diverse collection of states, each with its own local laws but subject to the imperial constitution c.
Held together by the powerful imperial bureaucracy d.
Held together only by the person of the emperor e.
1.Limited to holdings in Europe
2.The Reformation broke out first in the cities of a.
Switzerland and Germany b.
Italy and Spain c.
Germany and France d.
England and Switzerland e.
England and Germany
3. 13 th through 15 th century lay religious movements shared a common goal of a.
a more complex understanding of God’s true nature b.
establishing a more authoritarian church to more efficiently suppress heretics c.
overthrowing the institution of the church d.
establishing national churches throughout
Europe e.
religious simplicity in the imitation of Jesus
4.Which of the following statements is UNTRUE of the ideology and practice of the Brothers of the
Common Life? a.
They were centered at Zwolle and Deventer in the Netherlands b.
All members were expected to take special religious vows and to wear a special religious dress c.
They fostered religious life outside of formal churches d.
They embraced a lay religious life of prayer and study without surrendering the world e.
They stressed individual piety and practical religion
5. During the early 16 th century the need for reform within the Roman Catholic Church was indicated by all of the following EXCEPT a. Clerical immorality b. the lack of education of the ordinary clergy c. the growth of The Brethren of the Common Life d. the extravagant lifestyle of prelates and popes e. clerical pluralism
.“Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or lends to a needy man does better than if he used the money to buy an indulgence.”
6.The writer summarized the philosophy of the
Brother of the Common Life in what became the most popular religious book of the period, the
Imitation of Christ a.
Martin Luther b.
Nicholas of Cusa c.
Desiderius Erasmus d.
Thomas a Kempis e.
Hebraist Johannes Reuchlin
7.In the 14 th and 15 th centuries, mystics, such as
Meister Eckhart, Thomas a Kempis, and the founder of the Brothers of the Common Faith, Gerard Groote a. preached religion against the papacy b. stressed the importance of the sacraments c. land the foundations for Protestantism’s personal approach to worship d. argue the necessity of adhering to dogma e. had a universal and popular appeal
8.The Brothers of the Common Life in the
Netherlands was a.
A new monastic order founded in the wake of the Council of Trent b.
A monastery devoted to the preservation of ancient manuscripts c.
Dedicated to education and relief of the poor d.
Founded by the Christian humanist Erasmus e.
Condemned by the papacy
9.The medieval church had always taught that salvation was a.
Dictated by God’s judgement b.
A joint venture c.
Only for priest and nuns d.
Solely left to the individual e.
Impossible and therefore one must constantly repent
10.During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the Protestant Reformation? a. interest in Ancient Greece and Rome b.advances in mathematics and science c.questioning of traditional authority d.attention to realism and detail
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
11.In Western Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation was a
15.The Protestant Reformation and the European
Renaissance were similar in that both a.
renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the German states b.
greater tolerance of religions other than
Christianity c.
decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class d.
decline in religious unity and in the power of the Catholic Church
12.Which was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe? a.
the Catholic Church accepted the dominance of the new Protestant religions in Italy, France, and Germany b.
Spain became a predominately Protestant nation c.
Catholic Church leaders refused to make any changes in church practices d.
the power of the Catholic Church in Europe was weakened
13.Which was a major result of the Reformation? a.
new Christian denominations emerged b.
religious teachings were no longer allowed in the universities c.
the Crusades were organized d.
the power of the Pope was strengthened
14.Which factor helped most to bring about the
Protestant Reformation? a.
the Catholic clergy had lost faith in their religion b.
Islam was attracting many converts in
Western Europe c.
kings and princes in Northern Europe resented the power of the Catholic Church d.
the exploration of the Americas led to the introduction of new religious ideas a.
discouraged the growth of strong monarchs b.
encouraged people to question tradition c.
were led by the military d.
supported the return of the Roman Empire
16.The Protestant Reformation represents a turning point in European history because it a.
allowed religious reformers to escape persecution b.
standardized all religious writings c.
ended religious unity in Western Europe d.
forced most of Europe’s monarchs to become Protestants
17.Which major movement in European history started with the idea expressed in this statement? a.
Commercial Revolution b.
Industrial Revolution c.
Renaissance d.
Protestant Reformation
“Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is captive to the Word of
God. I cannot and I will hot recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.”
—Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (1517)
18.When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in a.
the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies b.
imprisoning those who disagreed with
Church teachings c.
maintaining the unity of the Church d.
the need for nepotism
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
19.Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-Five Theses is considered by many to be a turning point in history because a.
the Pope’s right to sell indulgences was strengthened b.
Luther soon became the leader of Germany c.
the power of the Roman Catholic Church was lessened and royal power grew d.
the Roman Catholic Church unified the
German states
20. Which of the following was NOT one of the problems facing the Christian Church in the 16 th century a. the Pope’s status as ruler of the Papal States b. its use of Latin in the mass and in the printed Bible c. an increasing literate population d. its inability to tend to the physical needs of the poor e. its inability to tend to the emotional and spiritual needs of the population
21. Which of the the following was NOT a reason that a Protestant movement emerged? a. The Society of Jesus took up Luther’s cause b. Luther enjoyed the protection of some powerful
Protestant princes c. Luther’s students used the printing press to spread
Luther’s theology d. Peasants saw Luther’s theology as a justification for their dissatisfaction e. The Church was slow to excommunicate Luther and his followers
22.All of the following can be considered a long-term cause of the Protestant Reformation EXCEPT a. the declining prestige of the papacy b. the German mystics who emphasized individual communion with God c. The activities of the Jesuits d. The humanist accusation that the Church was losing the substance of Christ’s message e. The corruption of the Roman Catholic Church during the Renaissance
23.“Like and army, it was ruled be a general who was responsible directly to the pope. Its holy soldiers practiced blind obedience, maintained absolute faith, and willingly suffered extreme hardship.” This passage describes a. The Inquisition b. The Diet of Worms c. The Society of Jesus d. The Index of Prohibited Books e. The papacy
24.The Jesuits a. became involved in the education of Catholic children b. served as advisors to Catholic kings c. rooted out heresy through press censorship d. converted “heathens” through missionary work e. all of the above
LUTHER
25.In “The Freedom of the Christian Man”(1520),
Martin Luther a.
Called for people to rise up against an unjust social system b.
Appealed to the German princes’ desire for both greater unity and power and to their desire to be free from the control of an
Italian pop c.
Established the principle of “whoever rules; his religion” d.
Encouraged common men to obey their
Christian conscience and respect those in authority who seemed to possess true
Christian principles e. All of the above
26.All of the following are basic theological beliefs of
Martin Luther EXCEPT a.
Salvation is attainable by faith alone b.
Scripture is the only guide to knowledge of
God c.
The Church hierarchy was unwarranted and harmful d.
Good works are essential to salvation e.
All who have faith can and should read the
Bible
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
26.The Church practice that spurred Luther to revolt was a.
Simony-buying or selling church offices b.
Indulgences-forgiveness of sin or escape from purgatory in exchange for a monetary
“gift” c.
Absenteeism-clergymen who did not live in their dioceses d.
Nepotism-giving church positions to relatives e. Pluralism-holding more than one church position at the same time
27.Probably, the biggest factor in the spread of
Luther’s ideas was a.
The fact that he wrote in German rather than in Latin b.
His marriage to a former nun c.
The support he got from the German nobility d.
The printing press e.
His great faith
28.Luther’s decision to marry Katherine Von Bora was an example of a.
The means by which Luther reached the decision to challenge the Church on the issue of the sacraments b.
How clergy could misinterpret Catholic c.
A personal decision that involved no religious principles d.
The changing role of the clergy in
Protestant churches e.
How traditional matchmaking remained significant in rural German communities
29.Martin Luther attended the Diet of Worms without losing his life because a.
He possessed a sizable army b.
He was protected by the Elector of Saxony c.
He thought the Catholic Church would support his ideas d.
He enjoyed the support of the Holy Roman
Emperor e. He went in disguise
30. Salvation by faith alone, the ministry of all believers, and the authority of the Bible are principles basic to
(A) the Christian humanism of Erasmus
(B) the Church of England
(C) Catholicism after the Council of Trent
(D) Lutheranism in the early sixteenth century
(E) the Society of Jesus (Jesuit order)
31. Which of the following most accurately states
Martin Luther’s basic religious belief as a leader of the Protestant Reformation?
(A) Monasticism is the highest calling.
(B) Personal works matter more than beliefs.
(C) Faith is the key to salvation.
(D) Christians are hot subject to secular authority.
(E) Christians should show tolerance toward other faiths.
32 Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman
Catholic church on the grounds that it a. supported priests as religious teachers b. sponsored translations of the Bible into vernacular languages c. reduced the number of sacraments d. used indulgences as a fund-raising device e. formed close associations with secular rulers
"In conformity, therefore, to the clear doctrine of the Scripture, we assert, that by an eternal and immutable counsel, God has once for all determined, both whom he would admit to salvation, and whom he would condemn to destruction."
33. The idea expressed in the passage above is most closely associated with the theological views of a. Erasmus b. Pope Leo X c. Thomas More d. John Calvin e. Ignatius Loyola
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
34. Which of the following is true of the German
Peasants' Revolt of 1524-1525? a. The revolt led to the emancipation of the
German serfs b. The revolt was organized by Martin Luther to break papal power in the German states c. The peasants were supported by French armies during the revolt d. The revolt was the first in Europe in which economic egalitarianism was a major rallying point e. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands
35. Martin Luther believed that the most important role for a Christian woman was to a. minister to the sick and poor b. preach the word of God in church on Sunday c. become a wife and mother d. lead a life devoted primarily to prayer and contemplation e. teach reading and writing in a religious school
36.Martin Luther’s response to the German
Peasants’ War of 1524-1525 demonstrated his
(A) ignorance of the economic plight of the peasantry
(B) emphasis on the social aspects of Christ’s teaching
(C) refusal to comment on social or political issues
(D) belief in the necessity of a unified German support of the prevailing social and political (E) order
37. Which of the following beliefs was central to
Martin Luther's religious philosophy?
(A) Salvation by faith alone
(B) Saints as intermediaries between the individual
Christian and God
(C) The sacrament of penance
(D) The priesthood defined as distinct from the laity
(E) The equality of men and women
38. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses were a call for a. religious revolt against the German princes b. reforms within the Roman Catholic Church c. greater papal authority d. crusades to spread Christianity
39. Lutheranism was introduced into Denmark by a.
King Gustavus Vasa b.
King Gustavus Vasa II c.
King Thorfinn II d.
King Christian I e.
King Christian III
40. In the mid-16 th century, this German city became a refuge for persecuted Protestants and the center of Lutheran resisitance a.
Munich b.
Wittenburg c.
Berlin d.
Madgeburg e. Cologne
41.The Freedom of a Christian , written by Marin
Luther, summarized the new teaching of salvation a.
By faith alone b.
As the unattainable goal c.
For men only d.
Through prayer e.
Through pious actions
42.When German peasants revolted in 1524-1525, the won the support of a.
Martin Luther b.
John Calvin c.
The merchant class d.
The pope e.
None of these groups
43. An indulgence was a.
A payment to obtain an office in Church b.
A payment from a monarch to the Church c.
A remission of the temporal penalty imposed on penitents by pries as work of satisfaction for their confessed sins d.
Forgiveness given by the pope exclusively to
Protestants in order to entice them back to the Church e.
A punishment meted out by the pope to heretics
44.Luther’s 95 theses a.
Earned him a position teaching at
Wittenburg University b.
Had little impact c.
Sparked the Reformation in Germany d.
Focused on the issue of the buying and selling of Church offices e.
Expressed his belief that salvation could be bought and sold
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
45.In Luther’s Address to the Christian Nobility of the
German Nation, he urged the German princes to a.
Allow the Roman church to retain its political and economic power in Germany b.
Remain obedient to Church leaders c.
Embrace the Modern Devotion order d.
Force reforms on the Roman Catholic
Church e.
Embrace the Dominican order
46.Martin Luther a.
Was the son of a successful miner b.
Had no formal training in theology c.
Was a diplomat in the court of Charles V d.
Believed that marriage was un-Christian e.
Was pledged to the Church at an early age
47.“Salvation by faith and faith alone” is a major tenet first adopted by a.
Calvinism b.
Lutheranism c.
Catholicism d.
Anglicanism e.
Anabaptism
48.In his On Christian Liberty, Luther used the term
“freedom” to mean a.
Freedom from poverty b.
Political liberty c.
Freedom from the Roman Catholic Church d.
Freedom from any type of servile situation e.
Freedom from taxes
49.Luther’s political conservatism is revealed in which of the following? a.
His preference for political order over social justice b.
His willing acceptance of the support of the
German princes c.
His condemnation of the Peasants’ War d.
His support for the extermination of the
Munster Commune e.
All of these
50.Which of the following was NOT a reason for the rapid spread of Lutheranism in the 1520s and 1530s? a.
The rise of dissenting sects b.
The conversion of the princes of Northern
Germany c.
Charles V’s involvement in foreign wars d.
The failure of the Pope to call a church council e. Popular resentment in Germany against Rome
51.Which of the following is NOT a major tenet of
Lutheranism? a.
Salvation by faith and faith only b.
The Bible is the final authority for Christian
Doctrine c.
Absolution from sin comes only through the grace of God d.
Baptism is the only valid sacrament e.
Only the inner grace of God, not indulgences or absolution, can free one from sin
52.What was the initial reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Luther’s 95 Theses? a.
He declared Luther to be a heretic b.
He immediately summoned Luther to Rome c.
He recalled Tetzel from Germany in order to have him stop selling indulgences d.
He declared that Luther’s action was a significant threat to the unity of the Church e.
He claimed he was not interested in a squabble among monks
53.Which of the following best describes Luther’s position on the social questions of his day? a.
He wanted to see marked improvements in the lives of the peasantry b.
He was deeply concerned about these questions, but feared antagonizing his aristocratic supporters c.
He was a deeply conservative man who did not want to upset the traditional social order d.
He feared that his religious reforms would fail unless they were combined with a program to address social concerns e. He blamed the Catholic Church for maintaining a spiritual as well as a social hierarchy
54. Expectations for the 16 th century Protestant family were influenced by a.
The doctrine of salvation by grace alone b.
Changes in land-holding patterns by
German peasants c.
Protestant emphasis on primogeniture d.
Martin Luther’s decision to marry and start a family e.
Women who led Anabaptist congregations
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
55. The revolt of the German peasants kin 1525 was caused by all of the following EXCEPT a.
Economic distress of the German peasants b.
Increasing restrictions on the independence of the German peasantry c.
Martin Luther’s call for a “priesthood of all believers” d.
Encouragement by the Catholic Church for the peasants to rebel against Protestant nobles e. The loss of hunting and fishing rights that had been taken by the nobles
56. Which of the following was part of Luther’s theology? a.
A belief in the need to create a Protestant
Church b.
The notion that nature could serve as a guide to salvation c.
The ideal that salvation came only through the grace of God d.
The assertion that charitable works were necessary to go to heaven e.
The belief that the poor should be given more social and political power
57. Which of the following was a tenet of Martin
Luther’s theology a.
Salvation through good works b.
Church tradition as a source of knowledge about God c.
Predestiniation d.
Millenarianism e.
Salvation by faith alone
58. The Church practice that spurred Luther to revolt was a.
Simony-buying or selling church offices b.
Indulgences-forgiveness of sin or escape from purgatory in exchange for a monetary
“gift” c.
Absenteeism-clergymen who did not live in their dioceses d.
Nepotism-giving church positions to relatives e. Pluralism-holding more than one church position at the same time
CALVINISM
59. Probably, the major attraction of Calvinism for
French nobles was a.
A desire fro religious freedom b.
A form of revolt against the strongly
Catholic monarchy c.
The Calvinist bent toward hard work and monetary reward d.
Fundamental disagreements with the
Catholic Church e.
The fact that Calvin was French by birth
60. Calvinism spread to all the following are EXCEPT a.
English settlers in the northern British colonies in North America b.
Scotland c.
The Scandinavian states d.
The northern Netherlands e. The French nobility
61. A difference between the teachings of Martin
Luther and those of John Calvin centered around a.
The idea of salvation by faith alone b.
The doctrine of predestination c.
Disregard for most of the sacraments d.
Reliance on scripture e.
Services in the vernacular
62. Religious reformer Zwingli and others like him destroyed church art on the grounds that it a.
Was not mentioned in scripture b.
Detracted from proper prayer and meditiation c.
Mixed mythology with religion d.
Used colors that were too vibrant and was thus considered “sinful” e.
Misinterpreted figures and stories in the
Bible
63. John Calvin’s doctrine of predestination refers primarily to the ideas that a.
Only the “elect”, God’s chosen were destined for Heaven b.
God selected roles for individuals before they were born c.
Protestants were destined to overtake
Catholics d.
God selected special people to be ministers e.
Societies should be theocracies, ruled by the religious leaders
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
64.Calvin differed form Luther by stressing which theological doctrine? a.
The right of the clergy to marry b.
The Bible as the ultimate authority for
Christian doctrine c.
The concept of predestination d.
The effect of “good works” in winning personal salvation e.
The rejection of all byt tow of the sacraments
65. “The church is not subordinate to the state, but rather must be ruled according to God’s plan. The chosen few should not only govern the church but also the state.” An adherent of what religious group is likely to have believed this in the 16 th century? a.
Lutheran b.
Calvinist c.
Roman Catholic d.
Millennarian e.
Anabapist
66. On of Calvin’s central ideas in The Institutes of
Christian Religion was that a.
The Church was subordinate to the state b.
All Christian sect should be tolerated c.
“man is the measure of all things” d.
Calvinism should be confined to the theocratic city of Geneva e.
Salvation is predestined
67. Which of the following were part of the structure of Calvinist communities? a.
Pastors b.
Doctors c.
Deacons d.
Elders e.
All of the above
68. The theology of Calvin differs from Luther’s in which of the following ways? a.
The belief that scripture alone is the guide to salvation b.
The belief that salvation is earned by faith alone c.
The belief that the church hierarchy is unwarranted and harmful d.
The belief that some have been predestined for salvation e.
The belief that the Bible should be printed in the vernacular
69. Which of the following is particular to Calivinist theology a.
Salvation is achieved through faith alone b.
Scripture is the only reliable guide to salvation c.
The Church must not be hierarchical nature d.
Some souls have been predestined for salvation e. The Bible should be printed in the vernacular
70.Which of the following were part of the structure of Calivinist communities a.
Pastors b.
Doctors c.
Deacons d.
Elders e.
All of the above
71. The most inclusive and influential of the early
Protestant reformers was a.
Luther b.
Zwingli c.
Calvin d.
John Knox e.
Michael Servetus
72. The main contribution of the religious reformer
Zwingli was a.
Services in the vernacular b.
The concept of salvation c.
Removal of art, decoration, and music from the church and service d.
Marriage of the clergy e.
Congregational government
73.Calivinism spread to all these areas EXCEPT a.
North American British colonies b.
Scotland c.
Paris d.
Holland e.
South Africa
74. John Calvin’s doctrine of predestination refers primarily to the idea that a.
Only the “elect”, God’s chosen, were destined for Heaven b.
God selected roles for individuals before they were born c.
Protestants were destined to overtake
Catholics d.
God selected special people to be ministers e. Societies should be theocracies, ruled by the religious leaders
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
75.John Calivin argued in his book, Institutes of the
Christian Religion, that a.
Grace could not be achieved without good works b.
Grace was bestowed on few individuals, and the rest are destined for hell c.
Salvation was the one topic that he could not fully explore because God’s will in that area could never be known d.
Grace was available to all who had faith e. Salvation was a sign of a compact between
God and man
76.After the a radical beginning marked by violence,
Anabaptist communities a.
Fell apart after the execution of their leaders b.
Lost interest in the Reformation when they realized that Luther did not agree with them c.
Turned their attention inward, rejecting violence and the influence of outsiders d.
Attacked the ideas of the Mennonites e. Fled to England where there was religious toleration
77. Anabaptists believed in adult baptism based on a.
Their reading of the New Testament b.
The teachings of Martin Luther c.
Conjecture on the wishes of the apostles d.
Catholic teachings e. Medieval tradition
80. Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the sixteenth century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists a. rejected the Bible as the source of the religious truth b. favored government enforcement of morality c. advocated a complete separation of church and state d. restored the privileges of the clergy e. tried to reconcile Protestant and Catholic teachings
81 John Calvin established the center of his reformed church in a. Lyon
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E) b. London c. Wittenberg d. Geneva e. Basel
82. A major difference between Calvinism and
Lutheranism relates to clerical marriage the place of women in society emphasis on predestination infant baptism monasticism
78 .Martin Luther and Heinrich Zwingli broke over the question of a.
salvation by faith b.
the primacy of the Scriptures c.
the role of the clergy d.
Jesus’s presence in the mass e.
Infant baptism
79. The teachings of which of the following had the greatest impact on the Reformation in Scotland?
(A) Ignatius of Loyola
(B) John Calvin
(C) Martin Luther
(D) Desiderius Erasmus
(E) Ulrich Zwingli
83. The Reformation in Zurich was led by a.
Ulrich Zwingli b.
Philip III c.
John Calvin d.
Martin Luther e.
Blaise Pascal
84. What was the primary theological point of contention between Luther and Zwingli? a.
Power exercised by the Roman church b.
Support for the existence of God c.
Support for infant baptism d.
The role of priests in salvation e.
The “presence” of Christ in the Eucharist
85. Anabaptists are the 16 th century ancestors of which of the following modern groups a.
Baptists b.
Mormons c.
Amish d.
Lutherans e.
Jesuits
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
86. Anabaptism desired a.
An immediate end to the practice of adult baptism b.
The imposition of a strict social hierarchy based on gender c.
A rapid and thorough implementation of
Apostolic Christianity d.
An immediate end to the practice of baptism for everyone, child and adult e.
The infusion of Gnostic principles into
European Christianity
87. The Peace of Augsburg a. ended the war between the Church and the
Protestant princes b. established Henry VIII’s right to establish the
Church of England c. established Geneva as the stronghold of Calvinism d. unified the German principalities under the Holy
Roman Empire e. established the principle fo “he who rules: his religion”
88. The uprising and subsequent repression of the
Anabaptists illustrates all of the following EXCEPT a. the poorer classes understood the teachings of
Protestantism to mean that the existing social hierarchy should be overthrown b. the Catholic Church still had the power to crush its opposition c. Property-owning Protestant reformers were not looking to reform the social order d. the poorer classes linked Protestant theology with millenarianism e. Protestantism was a movement that encompassed many different, and sometimes opposing views
89. One of the tenets of Protestantism as stated in the Confession of Augsburg was that religious authority rests with a. the pope b. the Bible c. the Ecumenical Councils d. the Holy Roman Emperor e. the German princes
90. Which of the following is particular to Calvinist theology? a. salvation is achieved through faith alone b. scripture is the only reliable guide to salvation c. the Church must not be hierarchial in nature d. some souls have been predetermined for salvation e. the Bible should be printed in the vernacular
91. Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the 16 th century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists a. rejected the Bible as the source of the religious truth b. favored government enforcement of morality c. advocated a complete separation of church and state d. restored the privileges of the clergy e. tried to reconcile Protestant and Catholic teachings
92. The leaders of the Protestant Reformation have been divided by some contemporary Reformation historians into a “right wing” and a “left wing.” Of the following, who is the only one who may be said to belong to the left? a. Martin Luther b. John Knox c. Philipp Melanchthon d. Thomas Munzer e. John Calvin
93. The response of the Roman Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation included all of the following EXCEPT a. abolition of the index of Prohibited Books b. the establishment of the Society of Jesus(Jesuit order) c. the convening of the Council of Trent d. the founding of women’s orders active in education and care of the sick e. an increase in the number of parish grammar schools
ENGLISH REFORMATION
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
94. The term Dissenters a. refers to all Protestants who deny that good works can earn salvation b. refers to the Anabaptists c. refers to English Protestants d. refers to those who refused to sign the Peace of
Augsburg e. refers to English Protestants who refused to join the Church of England
95. Which of the following resulted from the English
Reformation?
(A) Immediate wholesale persecution of
Catholics in England
(B) Establishment of the English monarch as head of the Church of England
(C) The pope’s naming of Henry VIII as
“Defender of the Faith”
(D) Papal recognition of the English church as independent, but still affiliated with
Rome
(E) A revolt by members of the English aristocracy opposed to the Reformation
96. England did not accept the Gregorian calendar of
1582 until the middle of the 18 th century primarily because a.
English astronomers disagreed with the math behind it b.
Protestants refused to accept a “Catholic” calendar c.
The old Julian calendar fit better with
English tradition d.
The King and Parliament could not agree e.
All of the above are true
97.During the reign of Edward VI-Henry VIII’s only surviving son- England a.
Continued to reject Protestantism in favor of Catholicism b.
Focused primarily on foreign disputes to limit the domestic impact of religious toleration c.
Became a center of religious toleration d.
Maintained the Church of England as it had been established under Henry VIII e.
Witnessed the introduction of Protestant ideas into the Church of England
98.Sir Thomas More accepted martyrdom at the hands of Henry VIII because a.
He would not swear the Oath of Supremacy b.
He thought this would convince Henry of the errors of his ways c.
Erasmus convinced him that it was correct to seek martyrdom d.
He was already deathly ill e.
He could not imagine any sort of criticism fo the Catholic Church
99. The Church of England as initially established by
Henry VIII in 1536 was a.
Closely tied to Lutheranism b.
Fundamentally Calivinist c.
Dominated by the concept of salvation by faith alone d.
Torn by religious skepticism e. Tied to traditional Catholic practices
100. The Anglican Church, as created by Henry VIII, differed fro other Protestant churches in that it a.
was congregational b.
remained loyal to Rome c.
had an episcopal structure d.
broke with Rome e.
abolished the sacraments
101.The Act of Succession a.
Made their heir to the throne the first born child of a king regardless of gender b.
Gave Parliament the right to choose the next monarch of England c.
Failed to pass Parliament d.
Made Anne Boleyn’s children the legitimate heirs to the throne e.
Made James VI of Scotland Henry VIIIs heir
102.The Book of Common Prayer, written by Thomas
Cranmer, was imposed on all English churches by a.
The Act of Uniformity b.
The Act of Conformity c.
The Act of Commonality d.
The Act of Succession e.
The Act of Compliance
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COUNCIL OF TRENT
AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
103. Henry VIII converted England to
Protestantismm mainly because he a.
Resented the authority of Rome b.
Wanted his marriage annulled so he could marry Anne Bolelyn c.
Had sincere Protestant convictions d.
Feared leaving the throne to his only child at the time , a daughter e. Disagreed with the Archbishop of Canterbury
107. The Jesuits a.
became involved in the education of
Catholic children b.
served as advisors to Catholic kings c.
rooted out heresy through press censorship d.
converted “heathens” through missionary work e.
all of the above
108. Which was one of the most important accomplishments of The Council of Trent(1545-1563) a.
Reconciliation with the Protestants b.
Reforms led to a spiritual renewal of the
Roman Catholic Church c.
The sale of indulgences was encouraged d.
Simony and pluralism were established e.
The Roman Inquisition was instituted
104.One area in which the Council of Trent insisted on closer Church regulation was a.
The translation of scripture b.
Consideration of the sacraments c.
The sale of indulgences d.
The selection of saints e.
Services in the vernacular
105. Which of the following was NOT a goal of the
Catholic and Counter –Reformations? a.
the conversion of the populations of southern Europe b.
The reform of abuses within the Roman
Catholic Church c.
The confirmation of the Church’s basic dogma d.
The stemming of the spread of
Protestantism e.
The suppression of heresy
106. Which of the following accurately depicts a doctrine defined by the Council of Trent? a.
Salvation is attained by “good works” alone b.
The ultimate authority for the Christian doctrine in the Bible, Church traditions, and the writing of the Church Fathers c.
Monasticism and clerical celibacy are forbidden d.
Only Holy Communion and Baptism , of the seven sacraments are necessary to the attainment of salvation e.
The Church is subordinate the state in all but theological matters
“ To arrive at complete certainty, this is the attitude that we should maintain: I will believe that the white object I see is black if that should be the desire of the hierarchical church, for I believe that linking
Christ our Lord the Bridegroom and His Bride the
Church, there is one and the same Spirit, ruling and guiding us for our souls’ good. For our Holy Mother and the Church is guided and ruled by the same spirit, the Lord who gave the Ten Commandments.”
109. The passage comes for the pen of a.
Martin Luther b.
Erasmus c.
Ignatious Loyola d.
Galileo e. John Calvin
110. The Council of Trent a.
Excommunicated Martin Luther b.
Established the Inquisition c.
Insisted that the Catholic Church was the final arbiter in all matters of faith d.
Reconciled Protestants and Catholics e.
Produce the Treaty of Augsburg
111.Ignatius of Loyola taught good Catholics to a.
Submit without question to higher church authority and spiritual direction b.
Only question the doctrines of the church in privacy in order to avoid public scrutiny c.
Encourage religious innovation d.
Bring any reform ideas to a council where they would be considered e.
Take up arms against suspected Protestants
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
112. The Council of Trent’s most important reforms concerned a.
The role of women in the church b.
Transubstantiation c.
Internal church discipline d.
The power structure of the church e.
Religious tolerance
113.Which of the following best characterizes the
Counter-Reformation a.
A movement to reform the Catholic Church from within b.
A movement to stamp out Protestantism c.
A movement to create a “third theological way” d.
A movement to both reform from within and combat the spread of Protestantism e.
A movement to censure thinkers like Galileo
114. A traditional institution within the Catholic
Church which was transformed in the 16 th century to fight the spread of Protestantism was a.
The Reformation b.
The Counter-Reformation c.
The Inquisition d.
The Conciliar Movement e.
The Court of the Star Chamber
115..The greatest significance of the Council of Trent for the history of Europe was a.
Its triumph over Protestantism b.
Its successful reform of the Roman Church c.
Its pledge, on the part of the German princes, not to go to war over religion d.
That it signified a defeat for those who wished for reconciliation between
Protestants and the Roman Church e.
That it served as an anit-Protestant force all over the globe
116.Generally, the only major changes enacted by the Council of Trent related to a.
Language of the liturgy b.
Closer supervision and higher standards for clergy c.
The closing of convents d.
Indulgences and purgatory e.
Financial accountability
117. At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Churcch a.
Agreed to work with Protestant theologians to come to an acceptable compromise b.
Accepted Protestant positions on most issues, though still refused to allow for clerical marriage c.
Decided to wait to formulate a position on most of the issues addressed by the
Protestants d.
Rejected Protestant positions on the sacraments, on the giving of wine to the laity during communion , and on clerical marriage e.
Focused on producing a new catechism that could be effectively counteract Protestant ideas
118. As a result of the Council of Trent, the Catholic
Church did all of the following EXCEPT a.
Build seminaries for the training of priests b.
Bring an end to the selling of indulgences c.
End the practice of simony d.
Ban the cult of the saints e. Create a list of proscribed books
119. The Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-
1563) had as its primary result
(A) a compromise with Protestants to reunite
Christians
(B) a political compromise with the Protestant princes of central Europe
(C) reform within the Catholic church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine
(D) the firm reestablishment of conciliar power over the papacy
(E) creation of a balance of power between the papacy and the heads of the great Catholic states
120. Which of the following is an accurate characterization of England in the period 1688-1715
?
(A)
(B)
A Puritan theocracy
An absolute monarchy
(C)
(D)
A democracy practicing religious toleration
A merchant republic increasingly under
Dutch dominance
(E) A constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
121. The Council of Trent a. excommunicated Martin Luther b. established the Inquisition c. insisted that the Catholic Church was the final arbiter in all matters of faith d. reconciled Protestants and Catholics e. produced the Treaty of Augsburg
122.One area which the Council of Trent insisted on closer Church regulation was a. the translation of scripture b. consideration of the sacraments c. the sale of indulgences d. the selection of saints e. services in the vernacular
123.Which of the following was NOT a goal of the
Catholic and Counter Reformations? a. the conversion of the populations of southern
Europe b. the reform of abuses within the Roman Catholic
Church c. the confirmation of the Church’s basic dogma d. the stemming of the spread of Protestantism e. the suppression of heresy
124. Which of the following accurately depicts a doctrine defined by the Council of Trent? a. salvation is attained by “good works” alone b. the ultimate authority for Christian doctrine is the
Bible, Church traditons, and the writings of the
Church fathers c. Monasticism and clerical celibacy are forbidden d. only Holy Communion and Baptism, of the seven sacraments, are necessary to the attainment of salvation e. the Church is subordinate to state in all but theological matters
125. The greatest significance of the Council of Trent for the history of Europe was a. it triumph over Protestantism b. its successful reform of the Roman Church c. its pledge, on the part of the German princes, not to go to war over religion d. that it signified a defeat for those who wished for reconciliation between Protestants and the Roman
Church e. that it served as an anti-Protestant force all over the globe
126. Which was one of the most important accomplishments of The Council of Trent(1545-
1563)? a. reconciliation with the Protestants b. reforms led to a spiritual renewal of the Roman
Catholic Church c. the sale of indulgences was encouraged d. Simony and pluralism were established e. The Roman Inquisition was established
127. Al traditional institution within the Catholic
Church which was transformed in the 16 th century to fight the spread of Protestantism was a. the Reformation b. the Counter Reformation c. the Inquisition d. the Concillar Movement e. the Court of the Star Chamber
128. Which of the following best characterizes the
Counter Reformation? a. movement to reform the Catholic Church b. a movement to stamp out Protestantism c. a movement to create a “third theological way” d. a movement to both reform from within and combat the spread of Protestantism e. a movement to censure thinkers like Galileo
129. As a result of the Council of Trent, the Catholic
Church did all of the following EXCEPT a. build seminaries for the training of priests b. bring an end to the selling of indulgences c. end the practice of simony d. ban the cult of saints e. create a list of prescribed books
“To arrive at complete certainty, this is the attitude that we must maintain: I will believe that the white object I see is black if that should be the desire of the hierarchical church, for I believe that linking
Christ our Lord the Bridegroom and His Bride the
Church, there is one and the same Spirit, ruling and guiding us for our souls’ good. For our Holy Mother of the Church is guided by the same spirit, the Lord who gave the Ten Commandments”
130. The passage is from the pen of a. Martin Luther b. Erasmus c. Ignatius Loyola d. Galileo e. John Calvin
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
131. At the Council of Trent the Catholic Church a. agreed to work with the Protestant theologians to come to an acceptable compromise b. accepted Protestant positions on most issues, though still refused to allow for clerical marriage c. decided to wait to formulate a position on the issues addressed by the Protestants d. rejected Protestant positions on the sacraments, on giving of wine to the laity during communion, and on clerical marriage e. focused on producing a new catechism that could effectively counteract Protestant ideas
132. The Council of Trent(1545-1563) was the major body through which a. Spain strengthened its position against the Turks b. the house of Hapsburg gained control over Italy c. the Roman Catholic Church reformed itself d. European states entered into economic cooperation e. Puritans and Catholics were reconciled
133.The most important goal of the Council of Trent was the: a. strengthening of internal Church discipline b. organization of military opposition to the
Reformation c. establishment of new religious orders d. reduction of papal control of doctrine e. preparation of a revised book of prayer
134. The leading economic center of early 17 th century Europe was a. Rome b. Amsterdam c. London d. Prague e. Hamburg
FAMILY
135. Family relations in western Europe in the period 1500-1750 were generally similar to modern ones in that
(A)
(B) the core of the family was nuclear the legal power of the father over the family steadily declined
(C) divorce on the basis of irreconcilable differences increased dramatically
(D) family chapels, directed by fathers, dominated community services
(E) children left home and established separate households soon after puberty
136. Which of the following statements is true regarding western European family life in the period
1750-1850?
(A) There was an increased importance placed on child-rearing among the upper classes.
(B) There was a significant decline in out-of-wedlock births due to Enlightenment reforms.
(C) Life expectancy declined due to the hazards associated with industrialization.
(D) The birth rate increased significantly due to government social welfare programs.
(E) Most nations repealed laws that enforced the legal and economic inferiority of women.
137. In seventeenth-century western Europe, marriage patterns showed a tendency toward:
(A) intermarriage between peasant families and noble families
(B) intermarriage between Christians and Jews
(C) romantic love as the major factor in choosing a spouse
(D) non-noble women marrying much younger men
(E) relatively late first marriages by non-noble women
138. Which of the following was most typical of preindustrial European village society?
(A) Single-crop agricultural production
(B) Domestic manufacture of most household goods
(C) Upward economic mobility from one generation to the next
(D) Low infant-mortality rates
(E) Long life expectancy
139. The early Protestants stressed education, even for girls, primarily so that females could a.
Read and study scripture individually b.
Be better wives and mothers c.
Operate shops and keep accounts d.
Serve in the church leadership roles e.
Teach religion
140. Premarital sex in preindustrial Europe a.
Was rampant b.
Resulted in high percentage of illegitimate births c.
Was more common that it is today d.
Was suppressed by the social controls of village life e.
Did not exist
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AP CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK
141. Which of the following best describes the Early
Modern family as an economic unit? a.
Males were in the “public sphere while females were in the “domestic” b.
Male and female roles were largely interchangeable among the peasantry but not among the bourgeoisie c.
The family as an economic unit was collapsing following the introduction of capitalist production methods d.
Larger immediate families meant that extended families were no longer part of the same economic unit e.
Child labor was no longer as essential a component in an age of economic expansion
142. The canonical, or church-sanctioned, age for marriage prior to 16 th century was which of the following ages for men a.
21 b.
30 c.
14 d.
18 e.
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143. Which of the following reasons did NOT contribute to the wide usage of wet nursing among upper class women? a.
The church forbade lactating women from indulging in intercourse b.
Unhappiness with the contraceptive effect of nursing c.
Vanity and convenience d.
The milk supply of a stranger was healthier than that of one’s own mother e.
The use of wet nurses reflected social standing
144. Demographic changes in the late 16 th and early
17 th century Europe contributed to a. state budget surpluses b. price inflation and a decrease in real wages c. greater equity in patterns of land ownership d. market agriculture and a decline in commerce e. higher population densities in Eastern Europe that
Western Europe
145. In the 17 th century Western Europe, marriage patterns showed a tendency toward: a. intermarriage between peasant families and noble families b. intermarriage between Christians and Jews c. romantic love as the major factor in choosing a spouse d. non-noble women marrying much younger men e. relatively late first marriages by non-noble women
146. One of the most troubling aspects for Lutherans regarding the radical religious sects that appeared during the 16 th century Reformation was that the sects a. practiced a form of egalitarianism between men and women b. were strict sabbatarians c. often lapsed back toward Catholicism d. focused solely on the Scriptures as authority e. continued to practice infant baptism
147. Which of the following regularly allowed women to preach in 17 th century England? a. Roman Catholics b. Puritans c. Presbyterians d. Quakers e. Anglicans
148. Couples in early modern Europe generally put off marriage until they were, on average, in their mid to late twenties because a. sexual maturation was delayed until the mid twenties because of poor nutrition b. the were concerned about scarcity of housing c. they needed to acquire land or learn a trade route before they could support a family d. the customs and mores of a society dominated by religion promoted sexual restraint e. laws prohibited marriage without parental permission before the age of majority
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