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Chapter Introduction
Section 1 Population Patterns
Section 2 History and Government
Section 3 Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter Summary & Study Guide
Chapter Assessment
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
Chapter Objectives
• Discuss the ethnic groups that
comprise East Asia’s peoples and the
population distribution of the region. 
• Explain how East Asians have been
influenced by China since ancient
times and, in more recent times, by
contact with the West. 
• Describe how, despite Chinese
influences, each country in East Asia
has its own unique cultural traditions.
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As you read this chapter, record details in
your journal that will allow you to compare
and contrast the various countries of East
Asia. Organize details under the following
heads: population patterns, history and
government, and cultures and lifestyles.
Population Patterns
Objectives
• Name the ethnic groups that make up East
Asia’s population. 
• Identify the country in which the majority of
East Asians live. 
• Describe how the population in East Asia is
distributed.
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Population Patterns
Terms to Know
• aborigine 
• homogenous
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Population Patterns
Places to Locate
• Taipei 
• Seoul 
• Pyongyang 
• Tokaido corridor 
• Tokyo
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Tokyo, Japan; Beijing, China; Shanghai,
China; and Seoul, South Korea are four
of the largest cities in the world. The
United Nations projects that Tokyo will
have a population of nearly 29 million in
2015. The four cities combined then will
be home to about 76 million people.
Human Characteristics
East Asia has about 1.5 billion people–
about 25 percent of the world’s
population. Among the region’s major
ethnic groups are the Han Chinese,
Tibetan, Japanese, Korean, and
Mongolian.
(pages 661–663)
Human Characteristics (cont.)
• China About 92 percent of China’s
population belongs to the Han ethnic
group. 
• The remaining 8 percent belongs to
about 55 different ethnic groups.
(pages 661–663)
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Human Characteristics (cont.)
• Japan, Korea, and Mongolia

- About 99 percent of Japan’s population
is ethnic Japanese, descendants of Asian
migrants who crossed the Korean peninsula
to Japan centuries ago. 
- Koreans trace their descent to peoples from
northern China and Central Asia. 
- They have maintained a common identity
despite periods of foreign rule and today’s
political division. 
- People living in Mongolia are mostly ethnic
Mongolians who speak the Khalkha
Mongolian language.
(pages 661–663)
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Human Characteristics (cont.)
Why does Japan have such a
homogeneous population?
Possible answer: Japan is an island
with strong cultural traditions that for
centuries was relatively isolated and
suspicious of foreigners.
(pages 661–663)
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Where East Asians Live
Because much of East Asia is barren or
mountainous, the region’s population is
unevenly distributed. 
• Population Distribution and Density 
- More than 90 percent of China’s population
lives on less than 20 percent of the land. 
- People tend to live on coastal plains and in
river valleys. 
- The interior steppes of Mongolia are home
to only four people per square mile.
(pages 663–664)
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Where East Asians Live (cont.)
- The tiny island nation of Taiwan, on the other
hand, is crowded because space is limited. 
- Most Taiwanese and Koreans live in cities. 
- In Japan, forested mountains cover the
central part of the country. 
- Most Japanese are crowded into valleys
and coastal plains. 
- The Tokyo metropolitan area is home to
more than 26 million people. 
- The northern island of Hokkaido, however,
is still mainly rural and sparsely populated.
(pages 663–664)
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Where East Asians Live (cont.)
• Japan’s Urban Lifestyle Because
space is so limited, Japanese in urban
areas usually live in small houses or
apartments. 
• Japan has eased traffic congestion by
investing in an efficient rapid transit
system.
(pages 663–664)
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Where East Asians Live (cont.)
(pages 663–664)
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Where East Asians Live (cont.)
How do most Japanese cope with living
in such densely populated urban areas?
Possible answers: People spend time
with their families and go to quiet places
on vacations. The Japanese also have
developed a system of etiquette to
reduce tensions in social relationships.
(pages 663–664)
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Migration
• In recent decades, many Chinese and
South Koreans have moved from rural
areas to cities. 
• Southeastern China’s free-enterprise
zones are a favorite destination. 
• In South Korea, people migrate to
coastal cities. 
• In the mid-1900s, many North Koreans
migrated south to escape communism. 
• South Korea’s population is about twice
as large as North Korea’s.
(page 664)
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Migration (cont.)
What are some factors that influenced
migration during the 1900s in East Asia?
Possible answers: Some factors that
influenced migration are economic
and social opportunities in cities, war,
and political reasons.
(page 664)
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Challenges of Growth
• In China and South Korea, steady
migration from rural villages to cities has
led to urban overcrowding and farm labor
shortages in the countryside. 
• The Chinese government hopes that
newly built rural towns with more social
services will encourage people to stay
on their farms. 
• Since 1979, the Chinese government has
permitted only one child per couple.
(page 665)
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Challenges of Growth (cont.)
• This policy is not followed by all Chinese,
but it has helped slow population growth.
(page 665)
Challenges of Growth (cont.)
What is your opinion of governmental controls on the
size of families? Why do you approve or disapprove?
Approve: Countries in this region are so
overpopulated that measures like these are
necessary. Such measures need not be permanent;
governments can relax rules when the population is
at a reasonable number. Disapprove: Because many
families are able to provide for numerous children,
the government should not interfere. Government
should never interfere in a private matter like family
planning. Governments should educate people about
their options but should not limit family size by force
or by law.
(page 665)
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
A 1. an area’s original inhabitants
A. aborigine
__
B 2. of the same or similar kind or
nature
B. homogenous
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Critical Thinking
Drawing Conclusions How does highspeed transportation in Japan affect daily life
and the economy?
High-speed transportation easily enables
commuters to travel great distances to work,
and increases the number of people working.
However, it also may cause commute times to
be long, and personal or family time may be
sacrificed.
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Critical Thinking
Identifying Cause and Effect Why has
migration to urban areas increased in East
Asia in recent years?
More people have migrated to look for
employment and a higher standard of living.
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Critical Thinking
Making Inferences How might population
growth and the continued migration of
people from rural to urban areas affect East
Asia’s agricultural future?
Population growth and continued migration
might result in farm labor and crop shortages.
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Analyzing Graphs
Place Study the graph below. How might
China’s demographic makeup affect the
rural/urban distribution of its population?
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Analyzing Graphs
China, with a relatively young population
would have increased migration from
rural to urban areas.
Applying Geography
Geography and Cities Study the physical
and political maps on pages 636–637 of
your textbook. Describe the type of physical
feature East Asia’s major cities have in
common.
Most are located on lowlands, on coastlines,
or on waterways.
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Close
Choose a classmate and role-play a
conversation between a travel agent and a
person who wants to travel to East Asia. Ask
and answer questions about one country in
East Asia.
History and Government
Objectives
• Explain where East Asia’s ideas and
traditions originated. 
• Discuss East Asia’s first reaction to contact
with the West. 
• Cite the major wars and revolutions that have
occurred in East Asia.
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History and Government
Terms to Know
• culture hearth 
• dynasty 
• clan 
• shogun 
• samurai
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History and Government
Places to Locate
• Great Wall of China 
• Guangzhou
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to listen to the audio again.
In 1940, the Japanese government signed
the Tripartite Alliance with Nazi Germany
and Fascist Italy. After the Japanese
bombed Hawaii’s Pearl Harbor in December
1941, the United States immediately
declared war on Germany and Japan.
Japan gained control of most of Southeast
Asia and the western Pacific, but the Battle
of Midway in 1942 stopped Japanese
advances. Japan finally surrendered to the
Allies on September 2, 1945, after the cities
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed
by U.S. atomic bombs.
Ancient East Asia
• China’s Dynasties

- China’s culture began in the Wei River
Valley more than 5,000 years ago. 
- Over the centuries, ruling dynasties faced
invasions from Central Asia, natural
disasters, and rebellious local lords. 
- Failure to attend to these problems often
led to a dynasty’s collapse. 
- The dynasty was said to have lost “the
mandate of heaven,” or divine approval,
and it would give way to a new ruling
family.
(pages 668–670)
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Ancient East Asia (cont.)
- During the era of the Zhou dynasty, Chinese
culture spread and trade grew. 
- The teachings of Confucius and Laozi on
discipline, moral conduct, and harmony with
nature also had a profound influence on
East Asian life. 
- The Zhou dynasty was followed by a series
of dynasties that expanded China’s
territory. 
- In the 200s B.C., Qin Shi Huang Di united all
of China and built part of the Great Wall
to keep out invaders.
(pages 668–670)
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Ancient East Asia (cont.)
- During the Han and Tang Dynasties, traders
and missionaries took Chinese culture to all
of East Asia. 
- In the early 1400s, under the Ming dynasty,
Chinese naval expeditions reached the
coast of East Africa. 
- The Qing dynasty ruled China from the mid
1600s to the early 1900s.
(pages 668–670)
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Ancient East Asia (cont.)
• Korea and Japan 
- Buddhism spread from China to become
Korea’s chief religion. 
- A series of Korean dynasties united the
Korean Peninsula. 
- About A.D. 1300, the Chinese took control
of Korea. 
- In the years that followed, the Korean
government and educational system were
based on the teachings of Confucius. 
- China and Korea had a major impact on
Japan’s civilization.
(pages 668–670)
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Ancient East Asia (cont.)
- In the A.D. 400s, Japan’s clans, or family
groups, united under the Yamato dynasty. 
- Yamato emperors adopted China’s writing
system, philosophy, and governmental
structure. 
- From the 1100s to the late 1800s, a series
of military leaders called shoguns ruled
Japan in the emperor’s name.
(pages 668–670)
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Ancient East Asia (cont.)
(pages 668–670)
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Ancient East Asia (cont.)
How did the Great Wall affect Chinese
history?
The Great Wall was built to keep invaders
out but was not always successful in
doing so. Its building helped give the
Chinese a sense of pride in their
civilization and its accomplishments.
(pages 668–670)
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Contact With the West
• By the 1600s, western Europe had
developed shipping routes to Asia,
hoping to share in the region’s rich
trade in tea and silk. 
• China, Japan, and Korea, however,
rejected Western efforts to enter their
markets.
(page 670)
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Contact With the West (cont.)
• Under Western pressure, China in 1834
opened the port of Guangzhou to limited
trade. 
• Both Europe and Japan later claimed
large areas of China as spheres of
influence where they had exclusive
trading rights. 
• In 1899, the United States brokered an
agreement to open China to trade with
all nations.
(page 670)
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Contact With the West (cont.)
• The United States also worked to open
Japan for trade. 
• In 1854 U.S. naval officer Matthew Perry
finally forced the country to end
centuries of isolation to trade with the
United States. 
• Rule by shoguns soon ended, and the
emperor regained full authority. 
• In the years that followed, Japan
modernized its economy, government,
and military forces.
(page 670)
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Contact With the West (cont.)
Why did Japan close itself off from the
outside world?
Possible answers: Japanese society was
very traditional and based on strict rules
for behavior and religion. The Japanese
did not want to be corrupted by foreign
influence. They also apparently believed
that they had all the material goods they
needed without trading with the West.
(page 670)
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Modern East Asia
During the 1900s, East Asia as a whole
was involved in two world wars. Meanwhile,
each East Asian country faced its own
internal upheavals.
(pages 670–672)
Modern East Asia (cont.)
• Revolutionary China In 1911, a
revolution ended the rule of dynasties
in China. 
• By 1927, military leader Chiang Kai-shek
had formed the Nationalist government. 
• After years of civil war, the Communists,
led by Mao Zedong, won power in 1949
and set up the People’s Republic of China
on the Chinese mainland. 
• The Nationalists fled to Taiwan and
established the Republic of China.
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
• In recent years, China’s communist
economy has opened to free-market
influences. 
• Taiwan has prospered economically
and carried out democratic reforms.
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
• Japan’s Transformation From the
1890s to the 1940s, Japan used
diplomacy and military force to create
an empire. 
• After its defeat in World War II, Japan
lost all these acquisitions but rebuilt its
economy and is today a global
economic power.
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
• A Divided Korea 
- In 1950, communist-ruled North Korea
invaded American-backed South Korea. 
- During the Korean War, United Nations
forces, led by the United States, rushed to
South Korea’s defense. 
- A 1953 truce ended the fighting. Millions
of Koreans died, and both Koreas were
devastated. 
- Today, the thirty-eighth parallel still
separates North Korea and South Korea.
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
- North Korea often cannot meet the basic
needs of its people, while South Korea
has become an economically prosperous
democracy. 
- Today the two countries are trying to
improve their relations.
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
• A Free Mongolia From 1924 until 1991,
Mongolia was a communist state under
the influence of the Soviet Union. 
• After the fall of Soviet communism,
the Mongolians adopted a democratic
constitution.
(pages 670–672)
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Modern East Asia (cont.)
How is it possible for a small country like
Japan to wield international economic
power?
Lacking abundant natural resources,
Japan has to depend on trade for its
economic wellbeing. It concentrates
on manufacturing and services. Japan
produces goods for export and invests
in the economies of Southeast Asia
and other parts of the world.
(pages 670–672)
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
C 1. tribal community or large group
of people related to one another
__
B 2. a ruling house or continuing
family of rulers, especially in
China
__
D 3. military ruler in medieval Japan
__
A 4. a center where cultures
developed and from which
ideas and traditions spread
outward
__
E 5. in medieval Japan, a class of
professional soldiers who lived
by a strict code of personal
honor and loyalty to a noble
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A. culture hearth
B. dynasty
C. clan
D. shogun
E. samurai
Critical Thinking
Drawing Conclusions Why were European
powers dissatisfied with China’s opening of
the port of Guangzhou?
They wanted other ports to open.
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Critical Thinking
Comparing and Contrasting How were
economic developments in Taiwan and
South Korea during the 1900s similar and
different?
Possible answers: The developments were
similar because they both experienced effects
of communist uprisings, and both countries
prospered under a market economy. The
developments were different because China
and Taiwan developed informal economic
ties, and North and South Korea did not.
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Critical Thinking
Making Inferences Why do you think the
Chinese Nationalists who fled to Taiwan
called their government the Republic of
China?
They wished to be identified as the freely
elected government of the Chinese people.
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Analyzing Maps
Human-Environment Interaction Study
the map of Chinese empires below. Which
rivers are linked by the Grand Canal?
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Analyzing Maps
The Yellow and Yangtze rivers are
linked by the Grand Canal.
Applying Geography
Spread of Culture Draw a map of East Asia
to show the spread of Chinese culture in the
region. Use arrows to show key movements.
Then write an explanation of your map.
Close
Choose teams and write questions on one
side of an index card and the answers on
the other side. Ask other teams your
questions.
Cultures and Lifestyles
Objectives
• List the languages that the people of East
Asia speak. 
• Describe the religions and philosophies that
many people of East Asia follow. 
• Discuss how the living standards of East
Asians compare with one another. 
• Compare education in East Asia with education
in North America. 
• Identify the traditional arts that make East Asia
unique.
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Cultures and Lifestyles
Terms to Know
• ideogram 
• shamanism 
• lama 
• acupuncture 
• haiku 
• calligraphy

• pagoda
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Cultures and Lifestyles
Places to Locate
• Mongolia 
• Tibet
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to listen to the audio again.
Murasaki Shikibu, author of The Tale of
Genji, was born in Kyoto, Japan, around
A.D. 978. She insisted on learning to read
and write Chinese, which was unusual for
girls of that time and place. Murasaki was
an attendant at the Kyoto court of the
Empress Akiko, whom she taught to read
and speak Chinese. Many events in The
Tale of Genji are based on Murasaki’s
experiences at court, as can be seen by
comparing the novel to her diary.
East Asia’s Languages
East Asians speak languages from several
language families. More than 1.2 billion
people in China speak Sino-Tibetan
languages, which include Chinese and
Tibetan.
(pages 673–674)
East Asia’s Languages (cont.)
• China’s Languages

- Han Chinese is the most widely spoken
language in China. 
- Mandarin, the northern dialect of Han
Chinese, is China’s official language. 
- It is taught in schools and used in business
and government. 
- Cantonese, another major dialect, is widely
spoken in southeastern China. 
- Other languages of China include Tibetan,
Manchu, Uygur, and various Mongolian
dialects.
(pages 673–674)
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East Asia’s Languages (cont.)
- Chinese languages use ideograms–pictures
or symbols that stand for ideas. 
- Each ideogram has one meaning. 
- When two or more are combined, they
take on a new meaning. 
- Spoken Chinese languages also depend
on tone or pitch. 
- Syllables can change meaning depending
on their spoken intonation.
(pages 673–674)
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East Asia’s Languages (cont.)
• Japanese and Korean Languages
Although the Japanese language
developed in isolation, experts believe
it may be distantly related to Korean
and Mongolian. 
• Japan’s first writing system was based
on Chinese characters. 
• In more recent times, Western languages,
such as English, have influenced the
Korean and Japanese languages.
(pages 673–674)
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East Asia’s Languages (cont.)
What makes Japanese a unique
language?
As an island nation, Japan developed
aspects of its culture in isolation from
other areas, but the Japanese also
adapted ideas and practices from other
countries. Their writing system reflects
Chinese influences, and their vocabulary
has been influenced by English in recent
decades.
(pages 673–674)
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Religion and Philosophy
• Traditional religions and philosophies
in East Asia include Buddhism, Daoism,
and Confucianism. 
• Shintoism is an ancient Japanese
religion that emphasizes reverence
for nature. 
• Christianity is widespread in Korea,
and western China has many Muslims.
(pages 674–675)
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Religion and Philosophy (cont.)
• Communist governments in China and
North Korea discourage all religious
practices. 
• In Tibet, the Chinese government has
placed harsh restrictions on the
Buddhist population. 
• The Dalai Lama, Tibet’s spiritual leader,
leads a worldwide movement in support
of Tibetan rights from his place of exile
in neighboring India.
(pages 674–675)
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Religion and Philosophy (cont.)
What geographical factor might explain
the presence of Islam in western
China?
Western China is geographically close
to the Muslim lands of Southwest Asia
and Central Asia.
(pages 674–675)
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Standard of Living
• During the 1900s, East Asia experienced
tremendous economic development. 
• Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea grew
wealthy, and many of their citizens
achieved high standards of living. 
• Although China enjoyed significant
economic advances, individual
conditions varied widely. 
• China’s economy still trails that of
Japan.
(pages 675–676)
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Standard of Living (cont.)
• Japan’s Downturn and Recovery 
- The Japanese traditionally have valued
individual loyalty to society in return for
society’s protection and support. 
- People have been expected to work long
hours, and in return employment has been
secure, with high wages and benefits. 
- In 1997 Japan suffered an economic
downturn, and economic pressures forced
companies to lay off many workers. 
- Since then, companies have offered workers
fewer rewards, and workers have less
loyalty to their companies.
(pages 675–676)
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Standard of Living (cont.)
• China’s New Direction The course of
China’s economy changed in the 1970s
when a new leader, Deng Xiaoping,
came to power. 
• Deng allowed limited free enterprise and
private ownership in business. 
• He also welcomed foreign investment
in China. 
• Since the 1970s economic reforms have
helped raise the living standards of some
Chinese.
(pages 675–676)
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Standard of Living (cont.)
• Most of the Chinese people, however,
are still engaged in agriculture.
(pages 675–676)
Standard of Living (cont.)
(pages 675–676)
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to listen to the audio again.
Standard of Living (cont.)
What impact did the economic
downturn in Japan have on employerworker relations?
Employers tried to cut costs by
tightening salaries and benefits and
laying off workers. Workers, no longer
enjoying job security and benefits, are
less loyal to their companies and are
inclined not to work as hard.
(pages 675–676)
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Education and Health
East Asians value learning. Today
elementary education is free throughout
the region, and opportunities for higher
education have greatly expanded.
(pages 676–677)
Education and Health (cont.)
• Literacy and Learning 
- Japan, Taiwan, and the Koreas have literacy
rates of 95 percent or higher. 
- China and Mongolia have literacy rates of
82 percent. 
- Young South Koreans, who spend an
average of 14 years in school, are among
the region’s best-educated students.
(pages 676–677)
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Education and Health (cont.)
• Health Care 
- Communist countries generally provide free
health care. 
- As China moves toward a market economy,
however, its government no longer
guarantees equal access to health care. 
- There is now a growing gap in the quality
of health care between urban areas and
rural areas. 
- Many East Asians rely on both Western
medicine and traditional herbal medicines. 
- Centuries-old techniques like acupuncture
are widely accepted around the world.
(pages 676–677)
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Education and Health (cont.)
Why do ancient medical methods
survive in modern East Asia?
Herbal medicines have a long tradition.
They cost very little compared with
Western methods, they have been
effective for centuries, and they are
usually safe.
(pages 676–677)
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Leisure Activities
• Food East Asians prefer staple foods,
such as wheat, millet, and rice. 
• Many maintain vegetarian diets or get
protein from fish. 
• In recent years, Western foods, such
as beef and dairy products, have
become popular. 
• As a result, heart disease and high
blood pressure are on the rise in the
region.
(page 677)
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Leisure Activities (cont.)
• Sports and Festivals 
- Traditional East Asian sports include several
varieties of martial arts. 
- Baseball is also very popular, particularly
in Japan, and the region is home to many
Olympic champions. 
- East Asian holidays celebrate religious
beliefs, seasonal changes, and historical
events. 
- Parades and ceremonies, such as those
marking the Lunar New Year, are common.
(page 677)
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Leisure Activities (cont.)
Why have East Asians traditionally
eaten little red meat or dairy products?
Possible answers: Rice and grains can
be grown more efficiently on smaller
farms in such countries as Japan and
Taiwan. Local religions also have
dietary rules about eating certain
foods, such as meat.
(page 677)
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The Arts
• East Asian artistic traditions are deeply
rooted in the past. 
• Religion has inspired much of the
region’s art. 
• China’s Cultural Revolution in the 1960s
tried to wipe out traditional arts in favor
of communist-inspired art forms. 
• Today Chinese artists have returned
to their traditions.
(page 677)
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The Arts (cont.)
• Literature In ancient China and Japan,
poetry and prose literature described
human relationships and the beauty of
nature. 
• East Asia still produces notable
writers. 
• Recent recipients of the Nobel Prize in
Literature include Japan’s Kenzaburo
Oe in 1994 and China’s Gao Xingjian
in 2000.
(page 677)
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The Arts (cont.)
• Music and Theater East Asian music is
based on a five-tone scale with a melody
line but no harmony. 
• Forms of drama include Japanese
Kabuki and Noh theater and Chinese
opera.
(page 677)
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The Arts (cont.)
• Visual Arts East Asian artists are known
for landscape paintings that often include
verses done in elegant brush-strokes. 
• The Japanese also create vivid prints
using carved wooden blocks. 
• Other Japanese art forms include
origami, or artistically folded paper
objects, the tea ceremony, formal
landscaping, and ikebana, or flower
arranging.
(page 677)
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The Arts (cont.)
• Chinese porcelain has been admired
throughout the world for centuries. 
• Buddhist temples throughout East Asia
contain sculptures in stone, bronze, or
jade. 
• Architecture Brick, wood, and stone
are commonly used building materials
in East Asia. 
• Bamboo is important in the architecture
of Japan and southern China.
(page 677)
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The Arts (cont.)
Do the themes in East Asian arts differ
markedly from those in the West? Explain.
Possible answers: East Asian and Western
art forms deal with many of the same
general themes: human relationships, the
beauty of nature, and religion. Notable
differences exist, however, in specifics. For
example, Christianity has been the major
religious influence on Western arts,
whereas Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism,
and Shintoism have inspired East Asian
(page 677)
arts. Click the mouse button or press the
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Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
D 1. an ancient practice that involves
inserting fine needles into the
body at specific points in order
to cure disease and ease pain
A. ideogram
__
F 2. the art of beautiful handwriting
D. acupuncture
__
E 3. form of Japanese poetry
originally consisting of 17
syllables and three lines, often
about nature
E. haiku
__
B 4. belief in a leader who can
communicate with spirits
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B. shamanism
C. lama
F.
calligraphy
G. pagoda
Checking for Understanding
Define Match each definition in the left column with the
appropriate term in the right column.
__
A 5. a pictorial character or symbol
that represents a specific
meaning or idea
__
G 6. a style of architecture most
often found in traditional East
Asian buildings, marked by
gracefully curved tile roofs in
the tower style
__
C 7. Buddhist religious leader
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A. ideogram
B. shamanism
C. lama
D. acupuncture
E. haiku
F.
calligraphy
G. pagoda
Critical Thinking
Comparing and Contrasting Describe
health care in East Asia. How is it different
from health care in the United States?
Many East Asians rely on herbal cures
as well as Western-style medical doctors.
Communist governments pay for most
medical care. The U.S. government does
not pay for most people’s medical care,
and most people rely primarily on medical
doctors for treatment.
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Critical Thinking
Making Generalizations How have rising
standards of living changed the lives of
people in East Asia?
Many people have more money but the gap
between rich and poor has grown; in Japan,
traditions of loyalty and job security have
been weakened and many suffer during an
economic downturn; in China, some people
have a better standard of living but in general
are behind the rest of East Asia.
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Critical Thinking
Drawing Conclusions How do East Asia’s
religions influence its art forms?
Since many of the religions stress simplicity,
beauty, and reverence for nature, many of
the art forms include renderings of nature.
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Analyzing Graphs
Region Study the graph on East Asia’s
religions below. Christianity accounts for
about what percentage of religious followers
in East Asia?
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Analyzing Graphs
Christianity accounts for about 6 percent
of religious followers in East Asia.
Applying Geography
Chinese Culture Write a paragraph
explaining the impact of the “Great Leap
Forward” and the Cultural Revolution on
Chinese culture.
Possible answer: Industrialization has
created overcrowding, growth of cities,
migration from farmlands and countryside,
and serious pollution, sanitation, and traffic
problems, along with economic prosperity
and the development of global trading ties.
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Close
Copy a term related to East Asian cultural
traditions or lifestyles from Section 3 that
begins with each letter of “EAST ASIA.”
For example, you might choose
acupuncture next to an “A” in ASIA.
Section 1: Population Patterns
Key Points
(pages 661–665)
• East Asia’s 1.5 billion people are made up of
many different ethnic groups with a variety of
religions, languages, and cultures. 
• Population in East Asia is unevenly distributed.
It is concentrated in urban areas, in river valleys,
and on coastal plains. 
• Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea are highly
urbanized countries. Mongolia is predominantly
rural. In China most people live in rural areas.
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Section 1: Population Patterns
Key Points
(pages 661–665)
• Massive migration from rural to urban areas
has caused farm labor shortages in parts of
East Asia.
Section 2: History and Government
Key Points
(pages 668–672)
• Confucianism and Daoism developed in China
about 500 B.C. Buddhism spread from India
throughout East Asia. 
• China was ruled by a succession of dynasties
until the early 1900s. 
• Contact with the West forced East Asians to
modernize. 
• Revolutions and wars transformed East Asia
in the 1900s. 
• By the end of the 1900s, East Asian countries
had important roles in the global economy.
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Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Key Points
(pages 673–679)
• Sino-Tibetan languages and Korean and
Japanese are the region’s main languages.

• East Asians often adopt practices from more
than one religious tradition. 
• Rising standards of living since 1945 have
brought dramatic improvements in education
and health care for some countries. 
• East Asians have a long history of traditional
arts and activities.
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Reviewing Key Terms
Insert the key term that best completes each of the
following sentences.
calligraphy
clans
culture hearth
dynasty
samurai
shogun
1. A ___________________
was a professional
samurai
soldier in early Japan.
2. Soldiers of ancient Japan were loyal to a military
ruler known as a(n) ___________________.
shogun
3. ___________________
is the art of beautiful
Calligraphy
writing.
culture hearth
4. China was East Asia’s ___________________,
the center from which ideas spread.
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Reviewing Key Terms
Insert the key term that best completes each of the
following sentences.
calligraphy
clans
culture hearth
dynasty
samurai
shogun
5. A ruling family known as a(n)
___________________
formed China’s early
dynasty
government.
6. Before ruling families, tribal groups, or
___________________,
ruled in China.
clans
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Reviewing Facts
Section 1: Population Patterns
Which countries in the region of East Asia
are the most ethnically homogeneous?
Japan, Korea, and Mongolia are the most
ethnically homogeneous.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 1: Population Patterns
What portions of East Asia are relatively
unpopulated? Why?
The western part of China and Mongolia
are relatively unpopulated because of their
rugged mountains, and deserts.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 1: Population Patterns
What is Japan’s most populous region?
Why?
The “Tokaido Corridor,” a string of cities
on the island of Honshu is the most
populous region. Most of Japan is
mountainous, except for narrow coastal
plains.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 2: History and Government
During which dynasty did the philosophies
of Confucius and Laozi emerge?
The philosophies of Confucius and Laozi
emerged during the Zhou dynasty.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 2: History and Government
How did Japan build an empire in the early
1900s, and how did the empire come to an
end?
Japan used diplomacy and military force to
build its empire, which came to an end after
World War II.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 2: History and Government
How did the Communists in China come
to power?
Communists overthrew the nationalists.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Name four religious or philosophical
traditions of East Asia.
Four religious or philosophical traditions
of East Asia are Confucianism, Buddhism,
Daoism, and Shintoism.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Why is education a high priority in Taiwan
and South Korea?
Education is a high priority because of the
belief that it leads to economic success.
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Reviewing Facts
Section 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Name five art forms important in East Asia.
Haiku, calligraphy, formal landscaping,
origami, and ikebana are five art forms
important in East Asia.
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Critical Thinking
Comparing and Contrasting How do the
standards of living vary among East Asian
countries and between rural and urban
areas?
In communist countries and rural areas,
there is a low standard of living. In free
market countries and urban areas, there
is a high standard.
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Critical Thinking
Making Inferences Why are farmlands
and the food supply of critical importance
to China?
Farmlands and the food supply is of critical
importance because of China’s large and
growing population.
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Locating Places
Match the letters on the map with the places and physical
features of East Asia.
__1.
Wuhan
C
__2.
Shanghai
F
__3.
Taipei
E
__4.
Yangtze
A
__5.
Tokyo
H
__6.
Beijing
J
__7.
Guangzhou
G
__8.
Ulaanbaatar
I
__9.
Seoul
B
__10.
Kyoto
D
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Which country has a Communist
government, a mostly rural population,
traditional herbal medicine and acupuncture,
and a literacy rate of 82 percent?
The country is China.
Click the mouse button or press the
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Explore online information about the topics
introduced in this chapter.
Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the
Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find
interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites
correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you
finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this
presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web
site, manually launch your Web browser and go to
http://geography.glencoe.com
Study the table below. Then choose the best answer
for the following multiple-choice question. If you have
trouble answering the question, use the process of
elimination to narrow your choices.
1. Based on the chart, which two countries have economic activities that
are the most similar in all areas?
A
South Korea and Taiwan
B
Taiwan and Japan
C
Taiwan and China
D
China and Japan
Test-Taking Tip Charts and tables may reveal patterns or trends. Look
for similarities in groups of numbers before you draw conclusions. In
addition, numbers need not be exactly alike in a question such as this
one. For example, although both China and South Korea have the
same percentage for Services under Economic Activity, the other
figures vary widely.
Click the mouse button or press the
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MATH As early as the 1500s B.C., the Chinese
inscribed numerals on bones and tortoise shells,
with specific characters representing units for tens,
hundreds, thousands, and ten thousands. The suan
pan, a Chinese abacus or calculating device, is a
forerunner of modern calculators and computers.
It has been in use since about 500 B.C. The Japanese
abacus, or soroban, developed from the Chinese
abacus in the A.D. 1200s. Expert users of these
devices can perform calculations more rapidly than
some mechanical calculating machines.
East Asian Greetings Bowing is a common means
of respectful greeting in East Asia, yet there are
differences between countries. The Japanese bow
and lower the eyes–bowing to a depth that reflects
the relationship between the two people. The
Chinese nod or bow slightly–or more deeply to
superiors. Koreans bow slightly to everyone, and
Korean men may shake hands without breaking eye
contact. Taiwanese bow slightly or nod the head upon
being introduced. Mongolians shake hands.
The world’s longest escalator system runs one-half
mile (800 m) between downtown Hong Kong and the
neighborhoods of Victoria Peak, a nearby mountain.
Built to ease rush-hour traffic congestion, the covered,
outdoor network carries 34,000 people daily.
The Demilitarized Zone that separates North and
South Korea has become an unofficial nature
preserve. Untouched by humans for nearly 50 years,
the region is home to some rare and endangered
species.
Japan
South Korea
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Japan Keeping alive the traditional arts is so
important that the government recognizes some
individual artists, performers, or artisans with the title
of “living national treasure.” These distinguished
artists receive financial support to practice and teach
their arts.
South Korea High school students attend classes
from 8 A.M. to 4 P.M. Monday through Saturday. From
6 P.M. to 10 P.M. they go either to private schools
where they study additional subjects or to study halls
at their regular schools. They complete homework
from 10:30 P.M. to midnight. South Korean students
take 10 or 11 classes, including up to four languages,
math, science, technology, ethics, history, literature,
and music.
Click the Speaker button
to listen to the audio again.
Reading and Economic
Activity Map
Geographers and researchers use economic activity maps
as well as other specialized maps to help them understand
a region. An economic activity map gives a quick overview
of economic resources and activities.
Reading and Economic
Activity Map
Learning the Skill
By comparing activities on an economic activity map with
information on other types of maps, such as political, climate,
or population density maps, geographers can quickly see the
distribution of economic resources. Geographers can also get
an idea about a country’s economic potential and the people’s
standard of living. 
Economic activity maps use colors to represent dominant
economic activities. Other maps may use patterns or symbols
instead of colors. In all economic activity maps, the key or
legend defines the colors and symbols.
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Reading and Economic
Activity Map
Learning the Skill
To read an economic activity map, follow these steps: 
• Identify the geographic region shown on the map. 
• Study the map key to understand all colors, symbols,
and patterns used on the map. 
• Study the map to determine what resources and
economic activities are predominant in each area. 
• Compare the map with other maps showing landforms,
climate, and natural vegetation of the region. Draw
conclusions about the interaction of humans with the
environment.
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Reading and Economic
Activity Map
Practicing the Skill
Use the economic activity map on page 680 of your textbook
to answer the following questions.
1. Which color on the map represents subsistence farming?
Green represents subsistence farming.
2. Which country has more coal deposits?
North Korea has more coal deposits.
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Reading and Economic
Activity Map
Practicing the Skill
Use the economic activity map on page 680 of your textbook
to answer the following questions.
3. Which area has little or no economic activity?
Northeast North Korea has little or no economic activity.
4. Which part of the region probably has the lowest standard
of living? The highest? Explain your answer.
Areas with the lowest standard of living have little or no
economic activity and subsistence farming. The cities have
the highest standard of living because they are
manufacturing centers and have higher populations and
Click the mouse button or press the
resources.
Space Bar to display possible answers.
Maps
Chinese Empires, 200s B.C.–A.D. 900s
Japanese Expansion, 1895–1942
Charts
Populations of China and Japan by Age and Gender
East Asia: Religions
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Click the mouse button or press the
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Possible answer: Confucius is concerned with personal
honor, how to behave, doing the right thing, and setting
a good example.
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