Chapter 19: Time and Geology
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What is Uniformitarianism?
How Can the Sequence of Past Geological
Events be Determined?
How Can Rock Units be Traced From One Area to Another?
How Do We Use Relative Dating to
Understand Geologic Time?
How Can We Determine the Absolute Age of Rocks?
What is Radiocarbon Dating?
When Can Isotopic Dating Techniques Be Used?
How Old is the Earth?
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
The Minor Canyon Area
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Figure 19.1
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area During Deposition of Initial
Sediment Layer of Lutgrad Formation
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Figure 19.2
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area Before Intrusion of Granite
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Figure 19.3
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area Before Layers Were Tilted
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Figure 19.4
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area Before Deposition
of Larsonton Formation
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Figure 19.5
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area at the Time Larsonton
Formation Was Being Deposited
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Figure 19.6
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area Before Intrusion of Dike
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Figure 19.7
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Dike Intruded into Larsonton Formation
and Pre-existing Overlying Layers
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Figure 19.8
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Area After Rock Overlying Larsonton
Formation Removed by Erosion
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Figure 19.9
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Sediment Being Deposited that will
Become Part of Foster City Formation
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Figure 19.10
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Same Area Shown in Figure 19.1,
Before Valley was Carved into Rock
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Figure 19.1
Figure 19.11
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Age Relationships Indicated by
Contact Metamorphism, Inclusions
in Granite, and Pebbles of Granite
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Figure 19.12
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Disconformity
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Figure 19.13
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Development of an
Angular Unconformity
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Figure 19.14
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Sequence of Events Implied by
Nonconformity Underlain by
Metamorphic & Plutonic Rock
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Figure 19.15
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Colorado Plateau
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Figure 19.18
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Rock Successions Similar to this
are Found in India, Africa, South
America, Australia, and Antarctica
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Figure 19.19
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
The Use of Fossil Assemblages
for Determining Relative Ages
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Figure 19.20
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Radon: A Radioactive Health Hazard
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Box 19.3, Figure 1
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Three Modes of Radioactive Decay
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Figure 19.22
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Uranium 238 decays to Lead 206
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Figure 19.23
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
(A) Curve Used to Determine Age of
Rock; (B) Candles Burn at a Linear Rate
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Figure 19.24a-b
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Principles of Radiocarbon Dating
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Figure 19.24c
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Minor Canyon Area from Fig. 19.1, With
Isotopic Dates for Igneous Rocks
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Figure 19.25
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
The Geological Time Scale
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Figure 19.26
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Geologic Time Represented
by CN Tower
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Figure 19.27
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Answers to Selected
Testing Your Knowledge
Questions
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6. C
15. E
7. B
16. D
8. A
17. D
9. D
18. B
10. A
19. A
11. B
12. A
13. E
14. D
Chapter 19: Time and Geology
Additional Resources
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Student Resources
Student Online Learning Centre
The robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for
study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual
Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!
Laboratory Manual
The Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions
in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding
background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.
Instructor Resources
Instructor Online Learning Centre
The OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers
downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.
Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives,
further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings
and resources outside the textbook.
Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and
manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.
Transparencies
A set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.
Chapter 19: Time and Geology