CATEGORIZATIONS for GILDED AGE & PROGRESSIVE ERA
SOCIAL
the Gilded Age/Mark Twain
Social Darwinism/Herbert Spencer
“new” immigrants
Gospel of Wealth/Andrew Carnegie
nativists/Know Nothings/American Party
the Atlanta Compromise/Booker T. Washington
tenements/urban slums
the Talented Tenth/W.E.B. DuBois
settlement houses
Rural Free Delivery/R.F.D.
Jane Addams/Hull House
mail order stores (Sears & Roebuck, Montgomery Ward)
department stores/buyers’ palaces
POLITICAL
spoils system
machine party politics
Boss Tweed/Tammany Hall/Thomas Nast
Pendleton Act/merit system/Civil Service Commission
the Grange/the Populists Cross of Gold speech/free silver/William Jennings Bryan
socialism/the Progressives
anarchists/Emma Goldman
muckrakers: Upton Sinclair (The Jungle)/ Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of the Cities)/ Jacob Riis (How the
Other Half Lives)/ Ida Tarbell (Standard Oil expose)
ECONOMIC
laissez-faire capitalism/Gospel of Wealth
horizontal integration/business trusts/John D. Rockefeller & Standard Oil trust/monopolies
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
captains of industry/robber barons/tycoons/magnates
Andrew Carnegie/U.S. Steel
Cornelius Vanderbilt/Jay Gould/railroads
J.P. Morgan/banking
George Pullman/sleeping and dining RR cars
Samuel Morse/the telegraph
interchangeable or standardized parts / Eli Whitney
Thomas Edison/invention factory
Alexander Graham Bell /the telephone
vertical integration
1890 McKinley Tariff /protectionism
corporations/investments/stock
assembly line (conveyer belt) /division of labor / economies of scale
sweatshops / piecework
Frederick Winslow Taylor/scientific management/efficiency experts
free silver movement (increase money supply)/William Jennings Bryan/ Cross of Gold speech
Coxey’s Army 1894
LABOR UNIONS (ECONOMIC and SOCIAL)
Knights of Labor
labor unions
craft unions
industrial unions
collective bargaining
the strike /picket lines / boycotts /scabs
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
sweatshops/piecework
yellow-dog contracts / blacklists
AFL and CIO
Eugene Debs
Samuel Gompers
Mother Jones (Mary Harris)
International Workers of the World (IWW)/the Wobblies
closed shop
Wagner Act
Railroad Strike 1877 (the Great Upheaval)
Haymarket Riot 1886
Homestead Strike 1892 / Pinkertons
Pullman Strike 1894
THE GRANGE/POPULISTS 1892 - 1896:
direct election of US senators by popular vote
use of secret ballot
initiative, referendum, recall
government ownership of railroads & telegraphs
postal savings system
graduated income tax
free silver/unlimited coinage
8 hour workday
restrictions on immigration
PROGRESSIVES 1912: Teddy Roosevelt & Bob LaFollette
direct election of US senators by popular vote
initiative, referendum, recall
tariff reduction
public ownership & conservation of natural resources
workmen’s compensation for on-the-job injuries
national women’s suffrage
a federal income tax
8 hour workday