Africa Part One Summative Study Guide
My test is on ______________________________________________________
Maps you need to review:
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Climate map
o Know the general location of each climate. I would suggest starting north and working
your way south. To practice, retrace, label types of climate, and shade in the color.
o Pay special attention to Sahara, Sahel, Tropical, Equatorial
Physical Features Map
o Know the general area of each feature.
o We learned about the Sahara and Nile River already in our Middle East Studies, so you
may want to focus south of the Sahara such as the Sahel, savannas, Kalahari Desert,
Congo River Basin, and rivers that are new
Vocabulary words:
arid
very dry climate (desert)
Sahel
semi-arid region around the Sahara Desert
desertification
process of a desert spreading
drought
lack of rain
tropical
hot and wet region (Congo)
equatorial
region whose climate has 2 rainy seasons and 2 brief dry seasons; located on
the equator
natural resource that cannot be replaced, or can only be replaced over
thousands/millions of years (diamonds, copper)
natural resource that can be used and replaced over a short period of time
(wood, sugar, coffee, peanuts)
nonrenewable resource
renewable resource
famine
Wide spread hunger
poverty
extremely poor conditions
overgrazing
process in which animals graze grass faster than it can grow back
over farming
colonization
farming in the same area over and over; using up all the nutrients in the soil
when people live in a new territory but maintain ties (connections) to their
original country
Know what a trade-off is!!!! A trade off is when you give up something to gain something else.
Ex. By building highway 271, Mayfield has gained quicker transportation and more businesses to
bring money into the city, BUT loses animal habitats and creates more pollution which is harmful
to the environment.
Desertification:
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Spreading of the desert into territories where desert may not have been
Causes include:
o Drought: prolonged lack of rain
o Overgrazing: animals eat plants that hold soil together faster than the soil can re-grow
the plants
o Over farming: farmers plant the same crop over and over, depleting the same nutrients
from the soil, making the soil unfertile
o Deforestation: people cut down trees for building or for firewood and the soil becomes
lose (the trees help hold the soil together) and blows away/ turning sandy
List three ways to prevent desertification!!! Use your notes.
1. plant perennial flowers: they provide nutrients to the soil
2. plant trees: can use fruit for food and can replenish soil
3. crop rotation: let one field rest while you plant in the other
Poaching: Practice the trade off
Good- personal profit. The person poaching can keep all the money they make
Bad- country loses money because there are no taxes from hunting license and hunting fees, no more
tourism cause killing all animals that people come to see which also leads to job loss
Oil/Diamonds/Other resources: Practice the trade off
Good- get money
Bad-causes fighting an corruption