Educate the Educator:
Awareness and Sensitivity
Client’s Basic Human Needs
Competencies 1 and 2
Awareness and Sensitivity to
Client Needs
This module presents:
Challenges and issues related to awareness and
sensitivity needed to understand the healthcare
needs of clients/individuals.
The impact that disease has on individuals, the
emotional, spiritual and social needs of
clients/individuals as well as the type of care needed
by different age groups.
The process of death and dying and how that affects
clients and their families.
Module Outline and Instructor
Resources
This module consists of 8 competencies with 2 competencies
per PowerPoint slide presentation.
Each competency is divided into unit competencies with
learning activities to help students master the competency.
Each learning activity is explained on the Module Outline and
the resources are identified/described
Choose the learning activities that best meet your classroom
needs.
Module Outline and Instructor
Resources
Find these learning activities and resources on the website or
create your own.
The Course Outline also has documents that the instructor
can use in teaching the lesson.
These competencies are listed on the course outline and
module competencies and instructor notes will be addressed
throughout the remainder of the power point.
Module Competencies
1. Describe the major stages of human development
and the basic health needs of humans.
2. Describe the needs of clients across the lifespan and
how those needs can affect behaviors and attitudes.
3. Describe the types of emotional, spiritual, mental
health and social needs of clients and their families.
Module Competencies
4. Explain how different diseases can influence the
functioning, behaviors, and attitudes of individuals
including dementia/Alzheimer’s disease.
5. Describe selected client service strategies including
customer service, their impact on quality client care and
the importance of client participation in group/family
activities.
Module Competencies
6. Define the stages and processes of death and dying and
the influence those stages have on clients and their
families.
7. Describe how to care for the clients’ environment.
8. Using a problem solving process applied to healthcare
situations, describe how healthcare workers can be aware
and sensitive to their clients’ need/behaviors.
Competency 1
Describe the major stages of
human development and the
basic health needs of humans.
Competency 1
Describe the major stages of human development and the
basic health needs of humans.
Two units and learning activities round out the learning for this
first competency:
A. Describe the five common characteristics of growth and
development.
B. Describe basic human needs theory regarding human
actualization.
Fun Quotes to Ponder
• “The growth and development of people is the highest calling
of leadership.” Harvey S. Firestone
• “You’ve got to do your own growing, no matter how tall your
grandfather was.” Irish Saying
• “If you wish to achieve worthwhile things in your personal and
career life, you must become a worthwhile person in your own
self-development.” Brian Tracy
Unit 1A: Growth and
Development
Growth: Physical change and increase in size
• Indicators of Growth are
• height, weight, bone size and dentition, sensory
adaptation, and development of sexual organs and
characteristics.
• Although physical growth is similar for all people, growth
rates vary during different stages of growth and development.
• Growth is rapid during prenatal, neonatal, infancy and
adolescence, but slows during childhood and is minimal
during adulthood.
Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008).
Unit 1A: Growth and
Development
Development: An increase in complex functions and
progression of skills
• Development refers to a person’s capacity and skill to adapt
to the environment
• Development is the behavioral aspect of growth & includes
abilities to walk, talk, run, and speak, etc.
Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008).
5 Characteristics of Growth and
Development
1. Occurs in an orderly pattern from simple to complex: one task must be
completed before the next one is attempted.
2. Continuous processes characterized by spurts of growth and periods of
slow, steady growth: after infancy the rate of growth slows down until
adolescence.
5 Characteristics of Growth and
Development
1. Affects all body systems but at different time periods for
specific structures.
2. Progresses at highly individualized rates that vary from
person to person.
3. Form a total process that affects the person physically,
mentally and socially.
Unit 1B: Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Needs Theory
• The human needs theory gives healthcare workers a holistic
overview of health promotion for the individual patients and
families across the life span.
• Its purpose is to promote the health of the individuals and
families.
• Nurses and healthcare workers use the human needs
theory: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
• Human needs are ranked on an ascending (upward) scale
according to how essential the needs for survival are.
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
• According to Maslow's theory, if basic needs are not met
then a person will find a way to try to satisfy them.
• Higher needs such as social needs and esteem are not felt
until one has met the needs basic to one's bodily functioning
(physiologic and safety and security needs),
• and in an ongoing effort to satisfy various needs.
Juliar, K. (2003)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
• Individuals change and develop over time and do not
remain at one level until every need at that level is met,
instead they may move up and down levels depending on
the situation and need.
• Life is a dynamic process that involves movement up and
down the hierarchy in response to events and experiences
and in an ongoing effort to satisfy various needs.
Juliar, K. (2003)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Abraham Maslow (1970) ranks
the five levels of human
needs as follows:
(www.entrepreneursuperstar.com, n. d.)
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Needs are generally met in the following order
from the base of the pyramid upward
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self-Actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Following are limited lists of basic needs within each
level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
Physiological Needs – air/oxygen, water, food, rest, shelter,
avoidance of pain
Safety & Security Needs – free from threat of physical &
emotional harm, stability, job security, medical insurance
Love & Belonging – give and receive affection, interact with
others, maintain a feeling of belonging, attain a place in a
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
group
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Physiologic Needs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Air/Oxygen,
Water, Maintain pH balance,
Food, Protein, Salt, Sugar, Calcium
Eliminate wastes
Maintain body temperature,
Be active, Rest, Sleep, Sex,
Shelter
Avoid pain
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Safety and Security Needs:
• Feel safe, secure and free
from threat of physical and
emotional harm
• Finding safe circumstances
• Stability
• Protection A need for
structure, order, limits
• Be concerned with fears
and anxieties
• Home in a safe
neighborhood,
• Good retirement
• Medical insurance
• Job security
• Financial reserves
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Love and Belonging Needs:
• Social needs relate to interaction with other people
• Give and receive affection
• Attain a place in a group, maintain a feeling of belonging
• Feel the need for a friend, a lover, children, a sense of
community, a need to belong
• Exhibit through our need to marry, have a family, be part of a
gang or softball team, a church, a community
• If unmet: Become vulnerable to loneliness and social
anxieties
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Esteem Needs:
Internal esteem needs relate to self-esteem such as self
respect, achievement, confidence, independence, freedom,
mastery.
External esteem relate to social status and recognition to
include self-respect, achievement, attention, recognition,
reputation, fame and glory.
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Theory
Self-Actualization Needs:
When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only
then are the needs for self-actualization activate.
Self-actualization: the summit of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
Quest of reaching one's full potential as a person.
Unlike lower level needs, this need is never fully satisfied; as
one grows psychologically there are always new opportunities
to continue to grow.
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Competency 1: Growth and
Development
Recommended Learning Activities
Assignments
Resources
Notes
AS Competency #1:
Lifespan Growth &
Development
Assignment on website
Student reflects on own
growth and development.
Questions on generalized
growth and development
are also included
AS Competency #1:
The Living Body
Assignment on website
Students watch the film,
“The Living Body”, and
answer growth and
development questions.
Competency 2
Describe the needs of clients
across the lifespan and how
those needs can affect
behaviors and attitudes.
Module Competency #2: Describe the needs of clients
across the lifespan and how those needs can affect
behaviors and attitudes.
Three units are included in this competency along with their
learning activities.
• Describe the 3 different types of needs that humans have
across the life span.
• List the basic needs of infants, children, and adolescents.
• List the developmental needs of young adults and older
adults.
Basic Human Needs
Major types of human need:
• Physical
• Psychosocial (Emotional)
• Spiritual
May describe the types as
Mind/Body/Spirit
Note Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
Unit 2B: Basic Human Needs
Recommended Content
• All children have basic needs for physical, emotional and
spiritual aspects of growth.
• The age of the child determines the rate of physical,
emotional and spiritual development.
Basic Needs
• Persons of all ages have basic needs of physical,
psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of growth and
development
[Mind/Body/Spirit]
• Age determines the rate of physical, psychosocial, or
spiritual growth and development
Infant’s Basic Needs
Infant’s Needs
• Infants and children experience a rapid and marked rate of
development and have major milestones in growth.
• Infants and small children have a high priority for physical
comfort, such as food, rest, warmth, safety and security,
emotional needs, and depend on their caregivers to help
meet their needs.
Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008)
Preschooler’s Basic Needs
Preschooler’s Needs
• Nutrition-Importance of not skipping meals; eating a
balanced, nutritious diet; experiences with foods that may
lead to obesity
• Use proper protective equipment when participating in
physical activities (helmets, pads); encourage child to take
responsibility for own safety (participation in safety classes:
bicycle, water)
• Immunizations; periodic screenings for vision, hearing,
dental (fluoride treatment)
Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008)
Adolescent’s Basic Needs
Adolescent’s Needs
• Healthy snacks, appropriate food intake and exercise
• Balancing sedentary activities with regular exercise
• Responsible for using motor vehicles safely (driver’s
education, wear seat belts, helmets,)
• Proper precautions during athletic activities (medical
supervision, proper equipment)
• Keep open lines of communication with parents
• Immunizations, periodic screenings for vision, hearing, and
dental
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Young Adult’s Basic Needs
Young Adult’s Needs
• Routine physical exams; dental exam every 6 months; No
smoking
• Nutritious diets and physical activity
• Personal relationships that promote discussion of feelings,
concerns, and fears
• Motor vehicle safety (wear seat belts, no drinking and
driving, maintenance of breaks and tires on vehicle)
• Safe home environment, immunizations
Middle-Aged Adult Basic Needs
•
•
•
•
•
Middle-Aged Adult Needs
Regular physical exams and screening
Importance of adequate nutrition
Exercise program that emphasizes skill and coordination
Possibility of mid-life crisis, encourage discussion of
feelings, concerns, fears
• Retirement planning (financial and diversional activities)
with partner if appropriate
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008)
Older Adult Basic Needs
Older Adult Needs
• Importance of adequate nutrition
• Be alert for symptoms of depression, risk factors for suicide,
abnormal bereavement, changes in cognitive function,
medications that increase risk of falls, signs of physical
abuse and neglect
• Environment that prevents falls and injury
Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008)
Competency 2: Clients
Needs
Recommended Learning Activities
Assignments
Resources
Notes
AS Competency #2: Interview
with Middle-Late Adulthood
Assignment on website Students interview an
older adult and reflect
on the answers to the
questions
AS Competency #2: Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs Case
Studies
Assignment on website Students are asked to
describe a patient and
relate to Maslow’s
Hierarchy.
References
All Psych & Heffner Media Group,Inc. (2003). Psychology 101: Personality
development. Retrieved from
http://allpsych.com/psychology101/development.html
Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., & Erb, G. (2008). Concepts of growth &
development. In A. Berman, S.J. Snyder, B. Kozier, & G. Erb (Eds.). Kozier &
Erb’s Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, and practice (8th ed.) (pp.
428-441). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Cooley, M. L.(2009). A family perspective in community/public health nursing. In F.
Maurer & C. Smith (Eds.). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for
families and populations (4th ed.) (pp. 327-344). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Friedman, M.M. (1998). Family nursing: Theory & Practice (3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT:
Appleton & Lange
References
Juliar, K. (2003). Minnesota Healthcare Core Curriculum (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY:
Delmar Publishers
Maurer, F., & Smith, C. (2009). Community/public health nursing practice: Health
for families and populations (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Ramon, P.R. & Niedringhaus, D. M. (2008). Life span development. Fundamental
nursing care (2nd ed.) (pp. 197-223). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person Prentice
Hall
Wright, L.M. & Leahey, M. (2009). Nurses and families: A guide to family
assessment and intervention (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis
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