PowerPoint presentation to accompany
Heizer/Render
Principles of Operations Management, 6e
Operations Management, 8e
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Human Resource Strategy
The objective of a human resource strategy is to manage labor and design jobs so people are effectively and efficiently utilized
1. People should be effectively utilized within the constraints of other operations management decisions
2. People should have a reasonable quality of work life in an atmosphere of mutual commitment and trust
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Constraints on Human
Resource Strategy
Product strategy
•
Skills needed
• Talents needed
• Materials used
• Safety
Process strategy
• Technology
• Machinery and equipment used
• Safety
Schedules
• Time of day
• Time of year
(seasonal)
• Stability of schedule
When HUMAN
RESOURCE
STRATEGY
Who
Individual differences
•
Strength and fatigue
• Information processing and response
Location strategy
• Climate
• Temperature
• Noise
• Light
• Air quality
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Figure 10.1
Layout strategy
• Fixed position
• Process
• Assembly line
• Work cell
• Product
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Job Design
 Specifying the tasks that constitute a job for an individual or a group
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1. Job specialization
2. Job expansion
3. Psychological components
4. Self-directed teams
5. Motivation and incentive systems
6. Ergonomics and work methods
7. Visual workplace
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Job Specialization
 The division of labor into unique tasks
 First suggested by Adam Smith in 1776
1. Development of dexterity and faster learning
2. Less loss of time
3. Development of specialized tools
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Job Expansion
 Adding more variety to jobs
 Intended to reduce boredom associated with labor specialization
 Job enlargement
 Job rotation
 Job enrichment
 Employee empowerment
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Psychological Components of Job Design
• Human resource strategy requires consideration of the psychological components of job design
• Hawthorne Studies introduced psychology into work place
• Jobs should include the following:
• Skill variety
• Job identity
• Job significance
• Autonomy
• Feedback
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Self-Directed Teams
 Group of empowered individuals working together to reach a common goal
 May be organized for long-term or short-term objectives
 Effective because

Provide employee empowerment
 Ensure core job characteristics
 Meet individual psychological needs
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Motivation and Incentive
Systems
 Bonuses - cash or stock options
 Profit-sharing - profits for distribution to employees
 Incentive plans - typically based on production rates
 Knowledge-based systems - reward for knowledge or skills
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Ergonomics and Work
Methods
 Ergonomics is the study of the interface between man and machine
 The work environment
 Illumination
 Noise
 Temperature
 Humidity
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Job Design and Keyboards
Figure 10.4
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Levels of Illumination
Task Condition
Small detail, extreme accuracy
Normal detail, prolonged periods
Type of Task or Area
Sewing, inspecting dark materials
Reading, parts assembly, general office work
Recreational facilities
Good contrast, fairly large objects
Large objects Restaurants, stairways, warehouses
Illumination
Level
100
Type of
Illumination
Overhead ceiling lights and desk lamp
20-50 Overhead ceiling lights
5-10
2-5
Overhead ceiling lights
Overhead ceiling lights
Table 10.2
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Environment
Noises
Electric furnace area
Printing press plant
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Decibel Levels
Inside sports car
(50 mph)
Near freeway
Private business office
Light traffic (100 ft)
Minimum levels, Chicago residential areas at night
Studio (speech)
Common Noise
Sources Decibels
Jet takeoff (200 ft)
Pneumatic hammer
Subway train (20 ft)
Pneumatic drill (50 ft)
Vacuum cleaner (10 ft)
Speech (1 ft)
120
|
100 Very annoying
|
90
|
80 Ear protection
| required if
70
| exposed for 8 or more hours
60 Intrusive
|
Large transformer (200 ft) 50 Quiet
|
Soft whisper (5 ft)
40
|
30 Very quiet
Table 10.3
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Methods Analysis
 Focuses on how task is performed
 Used to analyze
1. Movement of individuals or material
 Flow diagrams
2. Activities of human and machine and crew activity
 Activity charts
3. Body movement
 Micro-motion charts
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Flow Diagram
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From press mach.
Storage bins
Mach. 3 Mach. 4
Machine 1
Mach. 2
Welding
Paint shop
Figure 10.5 (a)
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Flow Diagram
© 2006 Prentice Hall, Inc.
Machine 4
Machine 3
From press mach.
Machine 2
Machine 1
Storage bins
Welding
Paint shop
Figure 10.5 (b)
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Other Techniques
 Time Studies
 Work Sampling
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