CITATION SHOWDOWN:
Answering Most of Your Questions about
Common Citation Styles!
Loyola University Chicago
The Writing Center
IC 221 (LSC), Corboy 811 (WTC)
Using Citation Style:
Why, Which, When?
• Citations help prevent plagiarism by clearly separating
your own voice and opinions from the professional
scholars and texts you use as sources.
• Multiple citation styles exist, each somewhat catered to
the needs of individual disciplines like the humanities or
social sciences.
• Which citation style you use usually depends on your
teacher’s expressed choice, or your discipline’s common
preference for one style (e.g. MLA for English, APA for
Psychology)
Copyright Page: Your Best Friend…
• The information you need
for your citation can be
found on the copyright
page, located at the
beginning of your book.
• Generally, you will need
the author’s first and last
name, title of the book,
name of publisher, and
place of publication, and
year published.
MLA:
• Modern Language Association
of America – MLA Handbook
for Writers of Research
Papers, 7th Edition.
• Style used primarily by
Humanities disciplines
including English, Creative
Writing, History, Philosophy,
and language studies.
APA:
• Think of APA as the scientist’s best
friend, keeping you from stealing
other scientists’ data!
• Primarily used by social sciences;
used by science and humanities
disciplines, particularly psychology,
biology, chemistry, and mathematics.
• American Psychological
Association’s Publication Manual, 6th
Edition.
Chicago:
• Chicago Style is mostly used by
humanities disciplines such as
History and Philosophy.
• Guide and current updates can be
found in the latest edition of The
Chicago Manual of Style (circa 1906).
• Style is simplistic, efficient, and
characterized by brief in-text citations,
e.g. (Brewster, 2013).
• Current edition is the Sixteenth
Edition, published in 2010.
Turabian:
• Invented by Kate Turabian,
dissertation secretary at the
University of Chicago in 1937.
• Similar to Chicago Style,
adjusted for student writer
usage.
• A Manual for Writers, 8th
Edition.
• Less popular citation style.
• Style is chiefly used by art and
literature disciplines in the
humanities.
Styles Contrasted: In-Text and End
(MLA) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the infinite,
had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder 84).
Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.
(APA) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the infinite,
had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder, 2013).
Milder, Robert. (2013) Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. Print.
(Chicago) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the
infinite, had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder, Hawthorne’s Habitations, 84).
Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.
(Turabian) “The irony of marriage for Hawthorne was that women, imagined conduits to the
infinite, had the practical effect of making life finite” (Milder 84).
Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.
Bibliography/Works Cited
Page
• A bibliography cites each individual source used or quoted within
your paper:
Milder, Robert. Hawthorne’s Habitations: A Literary Life. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.
• An annotated bibliography includes a few sentences after your full
citation, which sum up the content of the article or book referenced:
Asserting that Aylmer desexualizes Georgiana in order to perfect
her, Milder also suggests that Georgiana depersonalizes the
experience by concluding her husband’s dissatisfaction to be
directed not at her specifically, but at the general imperfections
and limitations of the human body. Because Aylmer also is human,
he falls short like Georgiana, the tragedy describing the
unrealistic expectations of transcendent idealism when applied to
real life (Craig 3).
Know What Style Your
Teacher Wants!
• Circle the style your teacher asks for on each new
assignment and follow its guidelines (i.e. most
commonly MLA citation format, 12 point font Times
New Roman, double-spaced).
• Bookmark quick links to online citation resources
and guide-sheets for easy access.
• Don’t do your citations last-minute!
• Make an appointment with the Writing Center to
make sure your citations and annotated
bibliographies are formatted correctly.
Resources: Educate Yourself!
• (All Four Styles): Pearson Writer, Purdue Owl
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/,
www.citationmachine.net, www.bibme.org,
www.easybib.com.
• More links on Writing Center resource page:
http://www.luc.edu/writing/student_resources.shtml
• (Chicago): official
websitehttp://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_cita
tionguide.html
• (Turabian): official
websitehttp://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/
turabian_citationguide.html