Unit 4
CANADA’S GLOBAL CONNECTIONS
 Play the Canadian or American Inventions game.
Famously and Firstly Canadian
 Canadian John McIntosh discovered McIntosh
apples in 1811 growing along the St. Lawrence River
Valley
 The first recorded baseball game was played in
Beachville, Ontario in 1838
 Montreal Professor Thomas Sterry Hunt developed
special green ink to produce American bills
‘greenbacks’ that couldn’t be forged in 1862
 The world’s second most popular sport ‘basketball’
was the idea of Canadian James Naismith in 1892
Famously and Firstly Canadian
 Tom Ryan became the father of five-pin bowling,




by developing the game in Toronto in 1909
Torontonian William Knapp developed the yuckytasting Buckley’s Mixture in 1919
In 1948 Harry Galley received his patented for his
stainless steel kitchen sink
Montreal Canadian goalie Jacques Plante became the
first goalie to start wearing a mask
Instant mashed potatoes were patented by
Edward Asselbergs in 1961
Famously and Firstly Canadian
 Muskol the world’s most effective bug repellent is




the creation of Charlie Coll (1970)
Leslie McFarlane penned the famous Hardy Boys
series as Franklin W. Dixon
Torontonian Alex Tilley created the nearly
indestructible ‘Tilley Hat’ in 1980
Winnipeg was the first city in the world to develop the
emergency ‘911’ system
Canadian Deanna Brasseaur & Jane Foster became
the world’s first female jet fighter pilots in 1989
Famously and Firstly Canadian
 Tim Collins of B.C. developed the Viewer Chip for
parents to block offensive television programs
 In 1998, the ‘Sam Bat’ a maple baseball bat made by
Ottawa carpenter Sam Holman was approved for use
in professional baseball leagues
 In 1999 Ontario became the first place in the world to
protect the skyscape from light pollution by
designating a dark-sky park south of Lake Muskoka
 Canadians have developed – Trivial Pursuit,
Balderdash, Mind Trap, Pictionary and A
Question of Scruples
Famously and Firstly Canadian
 Canada is home to the world’s…
Oldest chain store business is Canada’s Hudson Bay
Company founded in 1670
 Longest highway, the Trans Canada highway - 7,821
km
 Longest street, Yonge Street - 1,900 km
 Longest bridge – Confederation Bridge linking P.E.I.
to N.B. – 12.9 km
 Longest skating rink – 7.8 km Rideau Canal in Ottawa
 Longest recreational trail – Trans Canada Trail will be
over 16,000 km long

Greatest Canadian Invention
 Of all these great Canadian
ideas, which ones are the
“greatest”?
 CBC asked Canadians to vote
for the Greatest Canadian
Invention and showed us the
results in early 2007.
 www.cbc.ca/inventions
Rank these from 1 -10 of Greatest Invention
 5 pin bowling
 Poutine
 Zipper
 Insulin
 Telephone
 Electric Wheelchair
 Pacemaker
 Wonder Bra
 Blackberry
 Robertson Screw
 Light bulb
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Poutine
#10
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Electric Wheelchair
#9
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Zipper
#8
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Robertson Screw
#7
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Pacemaker
#6
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Wonderbra
#5
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Five Pin Bowling
#4
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Light bulb
#3
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Telephone
#2
Greatest Canadian Invention
 Insulin
#1
The World community
CHAPTER 30
What Do You Know of the World?
Population
WHERE WE CAME FROM. – CHAPTER 15
Who is here?
Immigrate
 610 people COME to
Canada on a daily basis.
Emigrate
 135 people LEAVE
Canada on a daily basis.
Changing Populations
 Demography is the study of population.
 About 1070 babies are born every day.
 These births are not as important, because they may
not correlate with the population of the country.
 We must take into account 2 factors:


Birth Rate: The amount of people born
Death Rate: The amount of people who die
 The Rate of Natural Increase (r)
• Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r).
Different Ages – Different Roles
 At each stage in our lives, we play different roles.
 Children (0-15 years old)
 Working Adults (16 to 64 years old)
 Older adults (65 years old and over)
 In Cornwall, we will have a stronger population of older adults,
as the baby boom population gets older.
Population Pyramids
 A series of horizontal bar graphs for the male
population, places back to back with similar bar
graphs for females.
 Statistical information can always be found at
Statistics Canada.
When in Rome...
 You need the following





when making a
population pyramid:
2 colours
Male and female labels
A title – Location and
year
Age (increments of 5) in
the middle
Population (in millions)
on the bottom
Comparisons
 When putting two
population pyramids side
by side, you are able to
compare population
trends.
Thanks to the war...
Baby Boom
 The term "baby boom"
most often refers to the
dramatic post-World War
II baby boom (1946-1964).
 There are an estimated
78.3 million Americans
who were born during this
demographic boom in
births.
 These baby boomers are
now getting older, which
makes healthcare such an
important industry.
Echo Effect
 Children who were born
between 1980 and 1999.
 These are the children of
the Baby Boomers.
Homework
 Create 2 population pyramids.
 Pyramid 1 – Cornwall
 Pyramid 2 – Ontario
 DUE: Tomorrow
Immigration
Canada’s International
Relationship
CHAPTER 31
Canada’s Foreign Trade
CHAPTER 32
Trade Terminology
 Trade – the exchange of goods or services between
countries.
 Imports – goods or services brought into a country
from another country.
 Exports – goods or services sent out from a country
to another country.
 Balance of trade – the difference between the value
of the goods and services that a country exports and
the value of the goods and services that it imports
Trade Terminology
 Trade surplus – when a country’s exports exceed
its imports.
 Trade deficit – when a country’s imports exceed its
exports.
 Tarriff – tax charged on goods imported to Canada
in order to protect Canadian industries.
Canada’s Trading Partners
$208 billion
$348 billion
$24
$9
$13
$8
$13
$7
$10
$3
Canada's Import Markets, 2004
Country
United States
China
Mexico
Japan
United Kingdom
Total of Top 5
% Share of Total Imports
56
7
4
4
3
74
Canada's Export Markets, 2004
Country
United States
Japan
United Kingdom
China
Mexico
Total of Top 5
% Share of Total Exports
81
2
2
2
1
88
Sweat Shops
 What are they?
 A working environment with unhealthy conditions that are
considered by many people of industrialized nations to be
difficult or dangerous, usually where the workers have few
opportunities to address their situation. This can include
exposure to harmful materials, hazardous situations, extreme
temperatures, or abuse from employers.
 Sweatshop workers often work long hours for little pay,
regardless of any laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum
wage. Child labour laws may also be violated.
Blood, Sweat and T-Shirts
 This BBC Three series from May 2008 saw six young
fashion addicts swap shopping on the high street
with working in India‘s cotton fields and clothes
factories. Find out whether they could handle a
sewing machine and meet the target of two garments
a minute. And whether their experience changed
their throwaway attitude to clothes shopping.
 100 rupees = $2.25 Canadian
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/thread/blood-sweat-tshirts/
Sweat Shops

Top 10 Worst Sweatshop Abusing Companies:
1) Primark – Cheap clothes from cheap labour…
2) Topshop – They’ve done it before they’ll do it again…
3) Asda/Walmart - Slave drivers of China & Bangladesh…
4) Tesco – Every little help, except in sweatshops…
5) Nike – Nasty old Nike, always exploiting their workers…
6) Adidas – Sweatshop made, Olympics specials…
7) Disney – Magic for some, sadness for others…
8) Burberry – Off to China for cheap workforce & fat profits…
9) Starbucks – Crap coffee, crap employers…
10) Planet Earth Inc – Sweatshop labour across the globe…
Other companies who use sweat shops: Abercrombie and Fitch, Gymboree, Hanes,
Ikea, Kohl’s, LL Bean, Pier 1 Imports, American Eagle, Dickies, Guess, Speedo, Tommy
Hilfiger, Toys “R” Us.
International Trade Organizations
Organization
Description
World Trade Organization Established in 1995
Multilateral institution through which global
trade rules are negotiated and enforced
North American Free Trade Established 1994, joining Canada, the United
Agreement
States and Mexico forming the world's largest
free trade area. NAFTA applies to the
procurement of goods valued at more than
$38,000 (Canada/U.S.) and $89,000
(Canada/Mexico)
Free Trade Agreement of Established in 2005, the FTAA is a
the Americas
collaboration among 34 democratic
governments in the Americas, to ensure
prosperity, democracy and free markets for
goods and services in the hemisphere
Fair Trade
 Coffee from Kenya, textiles from India, tea from Sri
Lanka, nuts from El Salvador, ceramics from Mexico,
and chocolate from Ghana…
 Many of the things we buy are grown or made in
developing countries.
 But do the people who produce these goods
get a fair price for them, and what are their
working conditions like?
Fair Trade
 For most workers, wages are low, there is no job
security, and working conditions are often
unhealthy and unsafe.
 Fair trade is an international system of doing
business based on dialogue, transparency, and
respect.
Fair Trade
 What is your role?
 Churches, communities, school, unions, businesses and
consumer groups are pushing to move Fair Trade products
into mainstream grocery stores
 The demand must increase, so more workers will benefit
 Demand products will superior quality
 Become a player in the solution to global trade inequalities
Child Labour
 What is Child Labour?
 Children under the age of 12 that are working
 Worst forms of child labour
 enslaved, forcibly recruited, prostituted, trafficked, forced into
illegal activities and exposed to hazardous work.
 Can children work?
 Yes, as long as it does not negatively affect their health and
development or interfere with education
Convention on the Rights of Child
 Most universal international agreement
 Ensures children's rights
 Has been ratified by 190 countries
 Only two countries have not ratified: the United
States & Somalia, however they have signaled their
intention to ratify by signing the convention.
 http://www.unicef.org/photoessays/30048.html
Convention on the Rights of Child
 The Convention on the Rights of the Child….
 Reinforces fundamental human dignity.
 Highlights and defends the family's role in children's lives
 Seeks respect for children – but not at the expense of the
human rights or responsibilities of others.
 Endorses the principle of non-discrimination
 Establishes clear obligations
The Rights of A Child





Principle 1
The child shall enjoy all the rights set forth in this Declaration. Every child, without any
exception whatsoever, shall be entitled to these rights, without distinction or discrimination on
account of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, property, birth or other status, whether of himself or of his family.
Principle 2
The child shall enjoy special protection, and shall be given opportunities and facilities, by law
and by other means, to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and
socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity. In the
enactment of laws for this purpose, the best interests of the child shall be the paramount
consideration.
Principle 3
The child shall be entitled from his birth to a name and a nationality.
Principle 4
The child shall enjoy the benefits of social security. He shall be entitled to grow and develop in
health; to this end, special care and protection shall be provided both to him and to his mother,
including adequate pre-natal and post-natal care. The child shall have the right to adequate
nutrition, housing, recreation and medical services.
Principle 5
The child who is physically, mentally or socially handicapped shall be given the special
treatment, education and care required by his particular condition.
The Rights of a Child





Principle 6
The child, for the full and harmonious development of his personality, needs love and understanding. He shall,
wherever possible, grow up in the care and under the responsibility of his parents, and, in any case, in an
atmosphere of affection and of moral and material security; a child of tender years shall not, save in
exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother. Society and the public authorities shall have the
duty to extend particular care to children without a family and to those without adequate means of support.
Payment of State and other assistance towards the maintenance of children of large families is desirable.
Principle 7
The child is entitled to receive education, which shall be free and compulsory, at least in the elementary stages.
He shall be given an education which will promote his general culture and enable him, on a basis of equal
opportunity, to develop his abilities, his individual judgement, and his sense of moral and social responsibility,
and to become a useful member of society. The best interests of the child shall be the guiding principle of those
responsible for his education and guidance; that responsibility lies in the first place with his parents. The child
shall have full opportunity for play and recreation, which should be directed to the same purposes as
education; society and the public authorities shall endeavour to promote the enjoyment of this right.
Principle 8
The child shall in all circumstances be among the first to receive protection and relief.
Principle 9
The child shall be protected against all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation. He shall not be the subject of
traffic, in any form. The child shall not be admitted to employment before an appropriate minimum age; he
shall in no case be caused or permitted to engage in any occupation or employment which would prejudice his
health or education, or interfere with his physical, mental or moral development.
Principle 10
The child shall be protected from practices which may foster racial, religious and any other form of
discrimination. He shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among peoples,
peace and universal brotherhood, and in full consciousness that his energy and talents should be devoted to
the service of his fellow men.
Homework
 Making Nike Sweat
 Behind the Label
 Child Labour
Ecological Footprints
WHAT YOU LEAVE BEHIND
Ecological Footprint
 Ecological Footprints are a measure
of human impact on the Earth. The
footprint equals the Earth’s cost to
sustain one person. It’s measured in
hectares and represents the land area
needed to provide resources and
absorb waste and greenhouse gases
produced by an individual.
Ecological Footprint
 World Average –
 Biggest Footprint – United States –
 Smallest Footprint – Bangladesh –
2.2 hectares
9.6 hectares
0.5 hectares
8.6 hectares
 Average Canadian Footprint –
 Canada has the 3rd highest footprint in the world!
 Why is Canada’s average footprint so big?
Ecological Footprint
 We require …..
• 0.2
hectares of land for water (to drink & provide
seafood)

0.4 hectares of land for home and roads and factories that make the
material things we grave
1.6
hectares of land for farmland to grow the food we eat
• 0.3
hectares of land for grazing land for meat and dairy
• 1.4
hectares of land for timber wood and paper products
• 4.7
hectares of land and needed to absorb the
greenhouse gases produced by driving around town, through
the running of air conditioners and the import of exotic goods
and foods
= 8.6 hectares
•
Ecological Impact of Nations
 The map on the following slide shows various
countries and regions of the world proportionate to
their production and consumption of commercially
traded fuels.
 All figures are in million metric tons of oil equivalent.
Ecological Impact of Nations
The Environment
SUSTAINABILITY
Defining Environment & Sustainability
 Sustainability refers to the ability to develop in
order to meet the needs of the present without
negatively affecting the ability of future generations
to meet their needs
Defining Environment & Sustainability
 If we are not all following our role as stewards in the
global village, then we will not have a sustainable
environment for our future children.
 “We do not inherit the earth from our grandparents,
we borrow it from our children.”
 We must all do our part to keep our consumption of
resources to a minimum, and to keep the environment
around us clean.
 Are you doing your part?
How a Greenhouse Works
The rays become weaker
once they bounce off
something, so they are not
all able to pierce back
through the glass… the
temperature inside rises.
The sun’s rays are
strong enough to
pierce through the
glass of the
greenhouse.
The Greenhouse Effect - Then
Some rays are
strong enough
to escape back
into space
Sun’s rays
Atmosphere
Some rays are
held in by the
atmosphere
The Greenhouse Effect - Now
A thickened
atmosphere,
caused by
pollution
Sun’s rays
More rays
are held in,
warming up
the Earth
Defining Environment & Sustainability
 Climate Change is a major shift in the overall
temperature levels of the Earth (up or down).
 Global Warming is the rising of the average
temperature of Earth.
 The Greenhouse Effect is the trapping of heat by
the Earth’s thickened atmosphere. This is caused by
pollution.
Solving World Problems
WHAT ARE CURRENT WORLD PROBLEMS
THAT YOU ARE AWARE OF?
What does this quote mean to you?
 “Our world is smaller and more crowded than ever before.
While sovereign states remain the fundamental building
blocks of international society, they now share the
landscape with a host of other actors. Globalization has
connected people and places in ways that were around
national economies. In the process it has generated
unprecedented levels of wealth. Yet many have been left
behind and unexpected threats have emerged. Canadians
now understand that seemingly remote events can have
direct, and sometimes dire, domestic consequences.”
 It has been said, that within the borders of Canada a
mini world exists. With our increasing cultural
diversity we become more aware of the ‘Global
Village’ and the opportunities it holds. Canadians are
traveling to foreign lands and experiencing unique
cultures, negotiating trade agreements with
emerging global economies, addressing concerns of
global security and environmental issues. No man or
country is an island and Canada’s international
relationships are based on equality and democracy.
How is Canada Connected to the World?
Since January 2004, Canada has:
• Launched the Canada Corps to work in Ukraine
• Led the International Mission for Iraqi Elections
• Commanded the International Security Assistance Force in
Afghanistan and the multinational force in Haiti
• Negotiated a new Security and Prosperity Partnership with
our Counterparts in North America
• Pursued trade, science & technology agreements with India,
Japan & Korea
• Shown leadership in combating HIV/AIDS in the developing
world
• Encouraged debt relief for the poorest countries
International Organisations
Short forms &
Symbols
Organizatio
n
NATO
North
Atlantic
Treaty
Organizatio
n
An alliance of 26 countries from North America and
Europe committed to fulfilling the goals of the Atlantic
Treaty, concerning issues of security, safeguarding the
freedom of its member countries by political and military
means. Is playing an increasingly important role in crisis
management and peacekeeping.
G8
Group of 8
An informal group of eight countries: Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the
United States of America, who meet annually. Focus on
broad economic development and foreign policies
including Africa’s development and global climate change.
WTO
Description Snapshot
World Trade An international body that promotes free trade, develops
Organizatio international trade rules, negotiates and monitors trade
n
agreements. Co-operates with other organizations to
provide technical assistance and training for developed.
International Organisations
Short forms &
Symbols
Organization
Description Snapshot
The
Promotes good governance and fundamental political
Commonwealth values, confronting challenges to peace and security,
conflict identification, preventive measures, and
successful peaceful conflict resolution. Efforts have
dismantled apartheid and strengthen international
relationships, assist small states and developing
countries in democratic development, defence of human
rights, women’s equality and sustainable
International Organisations
Short forms &
Organization
Symbols
Description Snapshot
UN
United
Nations
A 191 member group that strive to maintain international
peace and security, to develop friendly relations among
nations, to achieve international co-operation in solving
international problems of economic, social, cultural and
humanitarian character, and in promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights. Is subdivided into
a number of organizations.
UNESCO
Educational,
Scientific,
and Cultural
Organization
Strives to encourage international understanding and
peace by promoting cooperation through education,
science and culture. Programs designed to improve
facilities are emphasized.
UNICEF
International
Children’s
Emergency
Fund
Generally assists children in developing countries
focusing on issues of child protection, educating females,
immunization. HIV/AIDS, gender equality, child rights,
access to nutrition and safe water.
International Organisations
Short forms
& Symbols
Organizatio
n
WHO
World
Health
Organizatio
n
Description Snapshot
Strives to improve health of the world’s people.
Establish programs to train personnel, provide
information on major communicable diseases and
organize research into cancer, heart disease and
HIV/AIDS
G-8 History
 Originally established in 1975 by the Leaders of major




industrial democracies known as the G6, Canada joined
in 1976 making it the G7
Meet annually (Summit) to address world political &
economic issues
The G7 countries became the G8 when Russia joined in
1998
Summits involve complex international issues where
cooperation is essential, they catalyze, revitalize & reform
existing international institutions
Recognizes the centrality of global governance
G-8 Members
 8 members (at right)
 + EU observer status
 Also G-5
 Also G-77
 http://g8.gc.ca/6831/how-the-g8-works/
G-8 Members
G-8 Organization
 A new chair of G8 is selected each year depending on the




location of the next year’s summit, which is on a rotational
basis
The chair is responsible for hosting and organizing the
Summit, an annual meeting of leaders to discuss key
issues
The chair is responsible for speaking on behalf of the G8
The 2005 chair who hosted the Gleneagle’s Summit,
Scotland is UK PM H.E. The Rt. Hon. Tony Blair
The 2006 chair of the St. Petersburg Summit, Russia will
be Russian President H.E. Vladimir Putin
G-8 Goal / Mandate
 Addresses economic management, international
trade, relationships with developing countries, East –
West economic relations, energy, terrorism
 Defines new issues, providing guidance to other
international organizations
 Leaders may create task forces to address issues such
as drug-related money laundering, nuclear safety,
transnational organized crime
 Other issues addressed include employment, the
information highway, human rights, the
environment and arms control
G-8 Canadian Involvement
 Canada hosted the 2002 Summit in Kananaskis,
Alberta, and we will host the 2010 G-8 Summit
 The Rt. Hon. Paul Martin is our representative
 Mr. Peter Harder (Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs) is our “Sherpa”

Each G8 leader has a representative know as a ‘Sherpa’ who
work as advisors in the Leader’s offices and implement the
Leader’s commitments made at the Summit.
 2010 g8 conference will be in the Muskokas.
G-8 Current Activities
 Supporting the New Partnership for Africa’s
Development, lead by Tony Blair to develop an action
plan to halve world poverty by 2015
G8 Prep in Hunstville
Homework
 Read: G8 brings trepidation in Huntsville
 Answer with your thoughts on the article.
 Hand in.