5/12/14
Slides 1-9
Preparation
for
Assessment
of Chordates
Kingdom Animal Phylum Chordata
have backbone, spine, notochord
Fish Jawless
to Jaws
Major evolution
backbone
and gills
anatomy and function
fins
dorsal
anal
pectoral
lateral line
Still live in water
Kingdom Animal Phylum Amphibians
Kingdom Animal Phylum Reptile
Kingdom Animal Phylum Aves (birds)
Trends in Chordate Evolution
5:16 minutes
• What are 4 characteristics of ALL chordates
including humans?
• Trends in chordate evolution
• What are 2 characteristics SOME chordates
have and others chordates do not have?
• HW Answer questions and study for
assessment on chordate phylum
A look at future Human Evolution
A look at future Human evolution
Why might human evolution have slowed
down?
What are 3 ways humans have already evolved
other than amount of hair?
Text from Movie A look at future
Human Evolution
•
•
Published on Aug 6, 2013
The future of human beings
Homo sapiens, the name for you, myself and ever human being that exists on our planet, we evolved from Africa about 200,000 years ago and carried on evolving until we became what
we are today.but are we still evolving? Well the earth is predicted to be around about 4.55 billion years old. So in the grand scale of things our species is still very young. other humanlike
creatures where around long before us, the oldest humanoid fossil was dated back to 4.4 million years ago. But because we as a race have developed this modern world of technology
ultimately to make our lives easier,has this stopped us from evolving further? Evolution is when genetic changes or adaptions occur when genes mutate and combine in different ways
during reproduction. This is normally to help the species survive or reproduce more effectively and happens more frequently in a population. When these changes occur they become
more common across the population giving an advantage to survive. So if the purpose of evolution to to survive and reproduce, do we need to evolve any more? Are we above natural
selection? Well Human beings still have many reasons to evolve, some of these might be the abilities to be immune to certain modern viruses or the abilities to be immune to high
cholesterol or heart disease. Our lives are constantly changing and our body's will adapt to some of these changes. One great example of modern evolution is the ability to digest Dairy.
Originally humans could only digest there mothers milk due to a gene that would eventually shut down when the child was weaned off the milk. But when we started to domesticate
animals such as cows, humans evolved to have tolerance for lactose. This is thought to of happened due to the nutrients that milk would carry giving those humans a natural advantage
to survive. It is thought that this ability was still developing as early as 3000 years ago. So we are still evolving and scientists think we are doing it faster than ever before. In the last 10,000
years the pace of evolution has sped up 100 times. So what does this mean for the human race? Well other than drinking milk and resisting diseases better, scientists think we are also
losing our wisdom teeth and surprising that our brains are getting smaller. The average volume of the human brain has decreased from 1500 cubic centimetres to 1,350 cubic centimetres
in the last 30,000 years. Scientists are not sure why are brains are getting smaller although there are some theory's of it being more efficient as we evolve. But what will we look like in the
future? Well let's start at the bottom.we have evolved over the years to have become less reliant on the need to climb and have favoured the ability to walk. So nature has been slowly
shrinking our toes to the point where we can hardly hold a pen between them let alone a branch. Some Scientists believe that in the future we will not have our little toes as we only
need to rely on out big toes for balance. Another theory is that we will be much taller. Over the last two centuries the average height of humans has increased by 10 centre meters. This is
due to better nutrition available to us and being able to eat regularly.
But just because we could be taller doesn't mean that we will be stronger. Due to the increasing reliance on technology our muscles don't need to be as strong as they did. So the more
our machines work for use the less we need to do resulting in a weaker race of humans. Over thousands of years humans have been slowly losing there hair. There are a number of
different causes for this but one main reason is that human men are attracted to less hairy women. Meaning that women's body's could be a lot bolder in the future. Also the fact that we
tend to wear clothes to keep us warm now has meant that there is no need for a big fluffy fur coat. But I think the strangest of all the changes that might happen to our bodies is our face.
Scientists predict that in a few million years humans may have flat faces, big round eye and small noses. But by the time all of these changes have occurred, the future homo sapiens will
look back at there ancestors and think we were the weird looking humans just like we do to our ancestors. So I think one thing that we all must remember from time to time is that we
might be able fly thousands miles in a plane or perform extremely complicated operations. But at the end of the day Mother Nature is still looking out us. Mother Nature still has a part to
play.
I hope you enjoyed this video and make sure you checkout some of my other stuff. Leave a comment if you have any ideas about what we will eventually evolve in to or if you just want to
discuss this subject. Thanks for watching and il see you next time.
Music by -Kevin McLeod - brittle rille
Trace the Evolution of Shape in the Animal Kingdom
5/19
Cool Science While Students are arriving
Video 44.54 minutes 1 a day…today is the
Hammer Head Shark
Day 1
1. What theory is used to explain the Hammer
Head Shark’s Shape?
2. What was used as the control group in the
experiment used to test the purpose of
Hammer Head Shark’s head shape?
Future to 5/12/14
work started on 5/19
• 5/19 MAPS testing
• Review prior questions slides 7-9
Meiosis used to make 4 genetically
different cells
beads to show mitosis and meiosis
Prophase I crossing over occurs to give variability
Metaphase I Independent Assortment
Anaphase I Telophase I Cytokinesis results in 2 cells
Skip Interphase
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis results in 4 cells either 4 sperms or 1
egg and 3 polar bodies
Mitosis used to make 2 identical
cells and repeats continuously
diploid
allele
haploid
prophase
centromere
gene
chromosome
anaphase
interphase
nucleus
homologous
telophase
metaphase
Mammal respiration
• Read the respiratory system of mammals in
life science