Discovering Computers
Chapter 2
The Internet and World Wide Web
TED - ideas worth spreading
Ch 1 – Introduction
Ch 2 – Internet & WWW
Ch 3 – Application Software
Ch 4
Processor
Control
Control
Unit
Unit
Arithmetic
Arithmetic
Logic
(ALU)
Logic Unit
Unit (ALU)
Instructions
Data
Information
Input
Devices
Ch 5
Ch 8 – System Software
MemoryInformation Output
Data
Devices
Ch 6
Instructions
Data
Information
Storage
Devices
Ch 7
2
What is a network?
A collection of connected computers
3
Backbone of the Internet
Internet is the worldwide network that connects
businesses, governments, schools, and individuals
Providers
Providers of Internet
An access provider is a business that
provides access to the Internet (free
or for a fee)
1.
2.
3.
Internet Service Provider (ISP), Regional
or National
Online Service Provider (OSP) (AOL, MSN,
for example)
Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)
6
7
IP (Internet Protocol) address
Is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer connected to the Internet
Domain name is the text version
of Internet protocol (IP) address
DNS server translates the domain name into
IP address
9
How do you connect to Internet?
Slow-speed
technology
Dial-up access
modem in your
computer uses a
standard telephone line
to connect to the Internet
Broadband high-speed
connection
Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Cable ISP
Wireless ISP
Cellular broadband
Power line communication
Satellite broadband
High-speed broadband Internet service
Cable
Intern
et
servic
e
DSL
Fiber
to the
Premi
ses
(FTT
P)
Fixed
wirel
ess
Cellul
ar
Radio
Netw
ork
Wi-Fi
Satell
ite
Intern
et
Servi
ce
11
What we do online?
Communicate
Entertainment
Research
Download
Music
Shop
Share
Videos
Bank
Trade
Web
Application
12
Functions of Internet
WWW
Email
Message board and News group
Chat rooms and Instant messaging
VOIP (as Google Talk)
E-commerce
File transfer
Multimedia
Virtual reality
What is the World Wide Web
(WWW)?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, linked
together on computers throughout the world
Web page
Contains text, graphics, sound,
or video and links to other
Web pages
14
What is E-mail?
 Short for electronic mail
 The transmission of messages and files via a
computer network
 The original service on the Internet
Multimedia
An application that combines text with:
16
A graphic is a
digital
representation
of nontext
information
Graphic formats
include BMP,
GIF, JPEG,
PNG, and
TIFF
17
A thumbnail is
a small
version of a
larger
graphic
18
Animation is the appearance of motion
created by displaying a series of still
images in sequence
Catching a mouse
19
What is streaming audio / video?
The process of
transferring audio/video
in a continuous
and even flow
Enables you to
listen/view audio/video
as it downloads
to your computer
Downloading vs. streaming
Soon the speed of wireless downloading will exceed the
speed necessary for viewing a motion picture
At the same time wireless broadband will be everywhere
Then all line connections (telephone, DSL, cable) will
become obsolete
Streaming on the move, paying for the content not for
the delivery.
21
What is virtual reality (VR)?
 Use of computers to simulate real or imagined
environment
 Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space
 Used for games and many practical applications
What is E-commerce?


Short for electronic commerce
Business transaction that occurs over the Internet
Business to consumer (B2C)
Sale of goods to general public
Consumer to consumer (C2C)
One consumer sells directly to another
Business to business (B2B)
Business providing goods and
services to other businesses
24
IM (instant messaging)

A real-time service that notifies you when one or
more of your people are online and allows you to
exchange messages or files
What is a chat room?


Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
Chat room is location on
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest
VoIP (Voice over Internet)
enables users to
speak to
other users
over the
Internet
 Also called
Internet
telephony
27
Message Board
A message
board is a
Webbased
discussion
group
28
Downloading /uploading


Downloading is the process of a computer
receiving information
Uploading is the process of a computer
sending information
FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that
permits file uploading and downloading with other
computers on the Internet
Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload
and/or download files using FTP
30
E-mail
 The transmission of messages and files via a
computer network
 Messages can consist of simple text or can
contain attachments, such as documents,
graphics, or audio/video clips
 Internet access providers usually provide an
e-mail program
What is an e-mail address?

Unique name that consists of a user name and domain
name of user’s email server
33
An e-mail program allows you to:









Create
Attach files to e-mail
Send to a individual or a group
Receive
Forward
Reply to e-mail
Print
Delete
Move emails between email folders
Maintain your address book
Scheduling
34
A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and
addresses given a single name
 Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
 Unsubscribing removes your name
To a message different types of files can be
attached
Attached file can be read, viewed or listen to
An address book, a calendar, a scheduling book
are supported by an email program.
Gmail provides Voice Over Internet (Gmail)
Some email programs include anti-spam
features and other ways of filtering
35
1. Using e-mail software,
you create and send a
message
2. Your software contacts
software on your service
provider
3. Your service provider
determines best route for
data and sends message,
which travels along Internet
routers to the recipient
4. When recipient uses email software to check for email messages, the message
transfers from incoming
mail server to recipient’s
computer
36
What is good with email?
Email is a natural service similar to post office. It
explains its usefulness.
It’s ubiquitous.
It allows exchange of information between individuals
and groups and does that well.
Email is free, open, protocols used to encode and
transfer are not owned by anyone.
37
Email is weak on collaboration
Email and its descendents (instant messaging, blogs)
allow online discussions, but they are not well suited
for that: you are easily lost in the deluge of messages.
Email allow some collaboration on documents but it is
problematic: the deluge of different versions of
attached documents is hard to reconcile.
38
World Wide Web (WWW)
Web pages, linked together throughout the world
Web browser
Web site
Collection of
related Web pages
Web page
Program used to access
and view Web page
Contains text,
Search engine
graphics, sound, or
Program used to select
video and links to
Web pages according to a
other Web pages
criteria and evaluate them
39
Tim Berners-Lee
WWW was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He was
working at CERN, and wanted a way for physicists to share
information about their research – the World Wide Web was his
solution.
The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic
documents (Web pages)
A Web site is a collection of related Web
pages and associated items
A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
41
What is a URL?
Uniform Resource Locator
Unique address for a
Web page
You can use your Web
browser to access a Web
page using a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL)
43
Web publishing is the development and
maintenance of Web pages
Plan a
Web site
Analyze
and
design a
Web site
Create a
Web site
Deploy a
Web site
Maintain
a Web
site
44
What is a Web browser?

Program that allows you to view Web pages and
provides access to other functions of the Internet
Internet
Explorer
Chrome
Firefox
Netscape
Safari
Plug-ins


Programs that
extend the
capability of
a browser
You can
download many
plug-ins at no
cost from
various
Web sites
Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple
Web pages in a single Web browser window
47
How a Webpage travels the Internet?
What is a home page?


The first page that a Web site displays
Provides connections to other Web pages
What is a hyperlink (link)?






Built-in connection to another related
Web page location
Item found elsewhere
on same Web page
Different Web page
at same Web site
Web page at a different
Web site
A file on the same computer
An email service
WWW in plain English
What are the basic types of Web sites?
Portal News
Infor Business/ Edu
Enter
mation Marketing cation tainment
Advocacy Blog
Social
Content Personal
Network
Wiki
Podcast
What is a portal?

A Web site that offers a variety of services from one,
convenient location
 …, sports, e-mail,
news, weather, auctions,
online communities
(Web sites that join people with similar
interests)
MSN portal
What is a news Web site?


Contains newsworthy material
Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and the weather
National Public Radio
What is an informational Web site?


Contains factual information
Created by organizations and government agencies
Home improvement
What is a business/marketing Web site?


Contains content that promotes products or services
Allows you to purchase products or services online
AT&T - Phone service, DIRECTV, Wireless, DSL Internet
What is an educational Web site?

Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching
and learning
 Learn how airplanes fly or how to cook a meal
 Some colleges offer online classes and degrees
Technology Review
What is an entertainment Web site?

Offers an interactive and engaging environment
featuring music, video, sports, games, and more
YouTube
What is an advocacy Web site?

Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea
SOLIDARITY, SUSTAINABILITY, AND NON-VIOLENCE
Blog / Vlog
uses a regularly updated journal format to
reflect the interests, opinions, and
personalities of the author and sometimes
site visitors
What is a Blog? Click
on the picture
How to Vlog? Click on
the picture to learn
60
What are Wikies?

Collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add
to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web
browser
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
What is a content aggregator?

Business that gathers and organizes Web content
and then distributes, or feeds, the content to
subscribers for free or a fee
News aggregator
What is an online social network?

Encourages members to share their interests, ideas,
stories, photos, music, and photos
Media sharing Web site

http://www.socialnetwork.com

What is a personal Web site?

Web page maintained by private individual or family
Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting

http://www.stallman.org

What is a podcast?

A website containing audio files that can be
downloaded and played on the computer or MP3
players
http://www.pointofinquiry.com
WWW
Information
presented
on the Web
must be
evaluated
for
accuracy
No one oversees
the content
of Web
pages
66
Search
Find Web sites and Web pages by entering
words or phrases called search text
Also called a keyword
Any Web site that is listed as the result of a
search is a hit
Search
engine
Finds
information
related to a
specific topic
Subject
directory
Classifies Web
pages in an
organized set of
categories
68
69
The history of Google’s search engine
In 1996 two PhD students Larry Page and
Sergey Brin at Stanford University in
California worked on a research project.
They believed that a search engine that
analyzed the relationships between websites
would produce better ranking of results than
existing techniques, which ranked results
according to the number of times the search
term appeared on a page.
The search engine
Convinced that the pages with the most links to them
from other highly relevant web pages must be the
most relevant pages associated with the search,
Page and Brin developed their search engine.
The company was incorporated as Google Inc. in 1998
at a friend's garage.
Both Brin and Page had been against an "advertising
funded search engines" model, and they wrote a
research paper in 1998 on the topic while still
students. However, they soon changed their minds.
Google’s triumvirate:
Eric E. Schmidt, Larry Page , Sergey Brin
Intelligent search
Search engine: present vs. future
Question: key-words vs. understanding the
question
Search: look for matches between
documents and key words vs. use
statistical analyses and computational
linguistic to search through a huge
documents base
Answer: sorted list of prospects vs. the
precise answer
What is netiquette?

Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while
on the Internet
Golden Rule: Treat others as
you would like them to treat you.
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