Psychology 1
Study Guide #2, page 1 of 2
CHAPTER READINGS – Chapter 3, 9, & 4
Chapter 3 – Nature, Nurture, And Human Diversity
BEHAVIOR GENETICS: PREDICTING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Twin and Adoption Studies
Identical vs. Fraternal Twins
Separated Twins
Biological vs. Adoptive Relatives
Temperament and Heredity
Nature and Nurture
Gene-Environment Interaction
PARENTS AND PEERS
Parents and Early Experiences
Experience and Brain Development
Peer Influence
CULTURAL INFLUENCES
Culture and the Self*
*6th edition – see chapter 12 Theories of Personality
Chapter 9 – Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
INTELLIGENCE
What is Intelligence?
Genetic and Environmental Influences of Intelligence
Twin and Adoption Studies
Early Environmental Influences
Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
Ethnic Similarities and Differences
CHAPTER 4 – THE DEVELOPING PERSON
INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Cognitive Development
Piaget’s theory and current thinking
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
egocentrism
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
Social Development
Attachment Differences
Child Rearing Practices
ADOLESCENCE
Social Development
Table 4-2
Forming an identity
Parent and peer influence
ADULTHOOD
Cognitive Development
Aging and Intelligence
Social Development
Adulthood’s commitments
Love
Louie
Psychology 1
Study Guide #2, page 2 of 2
Louie
STUDY TOPICS
Chapter 3
Know the research on concurrence rates between identical and fraternal twins, Bouchard’s “twins
separated at birth” studies, and the adoption studies. Know and understand the key findings and
limitations of these studies.
Understand the gene-environment interaction and the non-shared environment. Consider environmental
factors other than the family that may contribute to a person’s development.
Know the different types of temperaments identified by Chess & Thomas. Understand the role of
temperament in a person’s development.
Know the difference between collectivist and individualist cultures. Know the research on how people
from different cultures may differ from each other. Understand the role of cultures.
Be prepared to write an essay on the relationship between heredity and the environment.
Chapter 9
Understand what it means when a concept is “socially constructed.”
Know what factors can retard and/or enhance intellectual development.
Know/Understand how there is cultural bias in traditional IQ tests.
Be prepared to write an essay on why IQ test scores are not necessarily a reflection of “intelligence.”
Chapter 4
Know Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial development and the behaviors associated with both sides of the
different stages.
Know Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development and the skills associated with the different stages.
Know Ainsworth’s 3 types of attachment relationships and the type of care associated with the different
relationships. Know the vandenBoom research that looks at the role of temperament and attachment.
Know Baumrind’s 3 types of parenting styles and the outcomes associated with the different styles.
Know the research on adolescent social development.
Know the research associated with adult social development
Know the research associated with adult cognitive development.
Be prepared to write an essay on Ainsworth’s and/or Baumrind’s theory.
Be prepared to write an essay on how personality develops according to Erikson’s theory.
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