Introduction
 Chemistry:
The study of matter and its changes

Chemistry investigates and explains
the sub-microscopic reasons for the
what happens in the macroscopic
world!
Introduction
 Sub-microscopic understanding leads to
understanding of the world around you:

How does bleach remove stains?

What causes and air bag to inflate?

Why does DNA have a double helical
structure?

What makes a rose smell
sweet and old fish smell awful?
Introduction
 How does radio-carbon dating tell how
old a fossil is?
 What are electrolytes and why do sports
drinks like Gatorade contain them?
 What happens to garbage in a landfill? Is
it always better to use biodegradable
materials?
Introduction
 Why should YOU study chemistry?
Required
for your college
major
Pre-med
Pre-pharmacy
Pre-dental
Biology
Geology
Environmental Science
Engineering
Nursing
Psychology
English
BSW/MSW
Fine
Arts
Pre-Law
Introduction
 Chemistry is the foundation of other
sciences
 Physics
 Biology
 Geology
 Astronomy
 Chemistry impacts our daily lives!
 Food, clothing and shelter
 Health care
 Environment
 Life itself
Measurement
Metric System
Quantity
Unit
Unit Symbol
Length
meter
m
Mass
gram
g
Volume
liter
L
Time
second
s
Temperature
Kelvin or
degree celsius
K
or
oC
Prefixes
every student should know…
Prefix
Symbol
Means..
Example
micro-

millionth
g
milli-
m
thousandth
mL
centi-
c
hundredth
cg
kilo-
k
thousand
km
More prefixes…
couldn’t hurt to know these ones, too:
Prefix
Symbol
Means..
Example
mega-
M
million
ML
giga-
G
thousand million
GA
Benefits of
the Metric
System:
• Uses Decimal System
• International Standard
• The units relate to
each other by using
water as standard!
(What does that mean?)
“the units relate to each other…
1cm3 = 1 mL
therefore ,
(10cm)3 = 1 L
1000 cm3 = 1 L
http://www.metricamerica.com
…by using water as a
standard”:
1 kg H2O ≈ 1 L H2O ≈ (10 cm)3 H2O ≈ 1000 cm3 H2O
1g H2O ≈ 1 mL H2O
http://www.metricamerica.com/images/Export00_288.mov
Volume is
special
because:
• Volume can be
measured in
liters (L),
milliliters (mL), etc. s
or…
OR…
• Volume can be
measured in
cubic meters (m3)
centimeters (cm3),
…..etc.
Remember;
1 cm3 = 1 mL
Remember any geometry?
• Volume of a cube is ….
lxwxh
i.e.
4cm x 5cm x 2cm = 40 cm3
•Volume of a cylinder is ….

2
r h
i.e.  x (5cm)2 x 10cm = 250 cm3
Typically,
mL or L are used
to describe the
volume of a
liquid...
…and cm3 or m3 are
used to describe the
volume of a regularly
shaped solid.
Volume of a Rock…
To find the volume of
objects with weird shapes,
use a technique called
“water displacement”
in this case,the volume of
the solid may be in
cm3 or
mL
Remember:
1 cm3 = 1 mL
Determining the Volume of an
Irregularly Shaped Solid
22 mL
32 mL
Temperature is special because…
We will sometimes use degrees celsius…
…we sometimes will use kelvin.
Example
K
C
F
Boiling Point of Water
373
100 O
212 O
Body Temperature
310
37 O
98 O
Freezing Point of Water
273
0O
32 O
Absolute Zero
0
-273 o -459 O
Meters, Liters, Grams,
Seconds….
These are units you should be familiar with.
In chemistry,we will use
math to do weird
things to these nice units…
…and turn them into units that are complex.
Complex units like….
g/mL
and
2
kg•m/s
Math with Units…
Examples:
5 • 5 = 25
3m • 4m =
12 m2
12m2 ÷ 12m = 1m
4 kg • 2 m/s2 =
8 kg•m/s2
10 L•atm ÷ 2 mol•K =
5(L•atm)/(mol•K)
Example: Density
Density is a property of matter. If you measure
the mass (g) and the volume (mL) of an object,
you can calculate it’s density using the formula:
D = m/v
Density = mass/volume
So, the units of
density must be….
g/mL
Complex Units come from a
formula…
• Why is density measured in g/mL?
(aka “grams per milliliter”)
(not “gee slash em-ell”)
Because the formula for density is
m
mass
(in grams)
g
D = ----- = ------------  --------------  ---v
volume
(in milliliters)
mL
Brick is more dense
than Styrofoam
because there is
more mass
packed into the
same volume
(more molecules or
atoms in the same
space.)
DENSITY
Styrofoam
Brick
Substance
• Air
• Wood (Oak)
• Steel
•Water
Density (g/mL)
0.0013 g/mL
0.80 g/mL
7.80 g/mL
1.00 g/mL
Atoms of some elements are more dense
than others.
Density of Gold:
19.30 g/mL
Silver:
10.50 g/mL
Aluminum:
2.70 g/mL
DENSITY - an important
and useful physical property
Density 
mass (g)
volume (cm3)
Mercury
Platinum
Aluminum
13.6 g/cm3
21.5 g/cm3
2.7 g/cm3
Variations of the Density Formula:
D = m/v
m
D
v
v = m/D
m=v•D
Application:
Calculate the density of a 57.9g sample of
metal with a volume of 22.45mL.
Application:
•
Calculate the mass of 4,800 mL of molten
lead (density = 11.4g/mL)?
•What is the mass in kg?
Application:
•
A camelbak backpack hold 1 kg of water.
What is the volume of the backpack?
Application:
•
Molten iron (Fe) has a known density of
7.87 g/cm3. What would be the volume of
595 kg of molten iron, in liters?
Metric System
Quantity
Unit
Unit Symbol
Length
meter
m
Mass
gram
g
Volume
liter
L
Time
second
s
Temperature
Kelvin or
degree celsius
K
or
oC
Prefixes
every student should know…
Prefix
Symbol
Means..
Example
micro-

millionth
g
milli-
m
thousandth
mL
centi-
c
hundredth
cg
kilo-
k
thousand
km
Typically,
mL or L are used
to describe the
volume of a
liquid...
…and cm3 or m3 are
used to describe the
volume of a regularly
shaped solid.
Temperature is special because…
We will sometimes use degrees celsius…
…we sometimes will use kelvin.
Example
K
C
F
Boiling Point of Water
373
100 O
212 O
Body Temperature
310
37 O
98 O
Freezing Point of Water
273
0O
32 O
Absolute Zero
0
-273 o -459 O
Example: Density
Density is a property of matter. If you measure
the mass (g) and the volume (mL) of an object,
you can calculate it’s density using the formula:
D = m/v
Density = mass/volume
So, the units of
density must be….
g/mL