Chapter 1 Review
Living Things...
What are the characteristics of living things?
• There are 5 you need to know...
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. All living things obtain and use energy in some
way.
3. Living things grow and develop.
4. Living things reproduce.
5. Living things respond to their environment
History...
Development of the microscope lead to our
understanding of cells.
• Robert Hooke: Used one of the first microscopes
to look at cork. First to see cells and use the word
“cells”
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Used simple
microscope to look at pond water. First person to
see single celled organisms (bacteria)
History Cont..
Important people who had important
discoveries about cells.
• Matthias Schleiden
– Concluded that all plants are made of cells.
• Theodor Schwann
– Concluded that all animals are made of cells.
• Rudolph Virchow
– Discovered that all living things come from other
living cells.
History Cont..
While scientists were working on making
important discoveries about cells, many people
believed in the theory of Spontaneous
Generation.
• This theory states that living things can
spontaneously appear from non-living matter.
– Example: a rabbit could just appear on your desk
History Cont...
Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur are the two
scientist who helped disproved the theory of
Spontaneous Generation and opened people up to
the idea of the Cell Theory.
• Francesco Redi
– Set up experiment with jars of meat and looked to see
where maggots appeared
• Louis Pasteur
– Set up experiment with boiled flask of beef broth and
looked to see where the microbes would grow
History Cont...
Disproval of the theory of Spontaneous
Generation lead to the acceptance of the Cell
Theory
Cell Theory states:
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function
in living things.
3. Living cells come only from other living cells.
Cellular Organization
All living things are organized and classified by
their cell type.
– Archaea and Bacteria
• Most unicellular organisms are classified here
– Prokaryote (no nucleus, ribosomes in cytoplasm but not other
organelles, tough cell wall)
– Eukarya
• Plant cells and animal cells are two main types
– Eukaryotes (have a nucleus, many specialized organelles,
complex in structure)
Cellular Organization Cont...
A multicellular organism is community of cells
working together. Single cells CAN NOT live alone.
– The amount of specialized cells depends on the
complexity of the organism.
• Groups of the same specialized cells form tissues
• Groups of the same type of tissues form organs
• Groups of organs with the same functions form
organ systems
Cell Organelles
You should know the
functions of the following
cell organelle...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
6. ribosomes
7. golgi body
8. vacuole
9. chloroplast
10. mitochondria
11. lysosomes
Specialized Cells
All cells in multicellular organisms have specific
and specialized functions that work together for
the good of the whole organism.
• Examples of specialized cells
– red blood cells
– reproductive cells
– stem cells