Chemistry of Life, Water, Macromolecule Review
In order to prepare for your exam, be able to know what the following terms mean.
Drawing pictures/diagrams will help you understand!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
atom - is the simple building block of life.
nucleus- is center of an atom.
electron- negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
element- a element is substance consisting entirely of 1 type of atom
isotope- Atoms of an element that has a number of Neutrons different from that of
the other atoms of the same element
6. compound- substance formed by chemical combination of 2 or more elements in
definite
7. ionic bond- a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a
positive ion- and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion
8. ion- an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one
or more electrons
9. covalent bond- the bond formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons by two atoms
10. molecule- smallest unit of most compounds
a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely
charged regions of nearby molecules.
11. Van der Waals forces-
12. cohesion- attraction between particles of the same substances
13. adhesion- attraction between two molecules of different substrates
14. pH scale- measurement system to indicate the concentration H ions in a solution
15. acid- a thing that eats away stuff
16. base compound: that produces hydroxide ions in solution
17. monomer-a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a
polymer
18. polymer- a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely
of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic
materials used as plastics and resins st
19. carbohydrate- compound made up of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen
20. polysaccharide- large molecule made from monosaccharides
21. lipid- macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes
fats,oils, and waxes
22. nucleic acid- macromolecule containing hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and
phosphorus.
23. nucleotides- monomer of nucleic acids made up of five carbon sugar a phosphate
and nitrogenous
24. RNA- a molecule that only has one job and that is protein synthesis
25. DNA- building blocks for life Deoxyribonucleic acid
26. protein 27. amino acid - is the building block of proteins.
28. chemical reaction - a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set
of chemicals.
29. Reactant- The element and compounds that enter a chemical reactio
30. Product- The elements and compounds that are produced by a chemical reaction
31. Activation Energy- The energy used to start a chemical reaction.
32. Catalyst- Speeds up the chemical reaction.
33. Enzyme- Proteins that act as biological catalysts
34. Substrate- The reaction of an enzyme
These are major concepts from our class that you should be able to describe
Key Concepts:
1. What three subatomic particles make up atoms? proton, neutron, electron
2. What are the two main types of chemical bonds? Ionic bonds & Covalent bonds
3. What are the bonds involved in water? Between water molecules? Hydrogen Bond
4. Why are water molecules polar? savages because there is a uneven distribution of
electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
5. What are acidic solutions?contain higher concentrations of H+ ions than pure
water have ph levels above seven
6. What are basic solutions?A solution that has a higher concentration of hydroxide ions
that hydrogen ions; a pH between 7 and 14.
7. Draw two water molecules and label the bonds within water and between the
molecules.
8. What is the structure and function of carbohydrates? made up of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
9. What is the structure and function of lipids? chain of carbon atoms bonded to
hydrogen atoms.
10. What is the structure and function of nucleic acids? Made up of sugar phosphate
group and nitrogen molecule.
11. What is the structure and function of proteins? Made up of Carbon, hydrogen and
nitrogen and oxygen.
12. What happens to chemical bonds during a chemical reaction? it changes or
transforms one set of chemicals to another.
13. How do energy changes affect whether a chemical reaction will occur?
14. Why are enzymes important to living things? they are required for the body to
function properly
15. Describe factors that may influence enzyme activity. Temperature, pH, enzyme
concentration, substrate concentration and inhabits./