The
Chemistry of
Life REVIEW
Atoms of the same element
that differ in the number of
neutrons they contain are
known as ̶
• isotopes
Strong forces bind
protons and neutrons
together to form the ̶
• nucleus
• Weaker
Van der Waals forces are
(stronger or weaker) than
chemical bonds.
What kind of bonding does the
diagram depict?
• Ionic bonding
There are ____ electrons being
shared between the Carbon
atoms. This is referred to as a ____
covalent bond.
• Six, triple
compound
______
A
is a substance
formed by the chemical
combination of two or
more elements in definite
proportions.
The atomic
structure of a
water molecule
is useful in
demonstrating
what kinds of
bonds?
• Covalent bonds
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gjkafgfadjkgadkjlgalk
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How many neutrons
does the diagram of this
atom show? • four
OH¯ is a(n) ____ as
signified by the
negative charge.
• ion or anion
A molecule in which the
charges are unevenly
distributed is called a(n)
polar
_______
molecule.
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What kind of
electron is in the
last shell or
energy level of
an atom?
• valence
hydrogen,
oxygen
In a water
molecule, the
______ end is
slightly
positive while
the ______
end is slightly
negative.
Because the number of positive
ions is equal to the number of
negative hydroxide ions
neutral
produced, water is _______.
Water droplets on pine needles are
adhesion in
good demonstration of _________
that they are different substances.
Salt and Water make
a solution as Dirt and
suspension
Water make a _______.
As
demonstrated
by the picture,
oil is known to
Hydrophobic in
be _________
that it repels,
or hates,
water.
Study the two
beakers of
A
solution. Beaker B
has (more, less or
the same) amount
of solute and has
(more, less or the
same) amount of
solvent than the same,
beaker A.
B
more
What
property of
water enables
this large
tarantula to
stay on the
surface?
• cohesion
What does pH
measure?
(hint: think about what pH
is an abbreviation for)
the concentration of
H+ ions in solution.
A(n) ______ is a compound
that produces hydroxide
ions (OH¯) in solution while
a(n) _______ forms H+ ions
in solution.
base, acid
The particles in a
(solution or suspension)
can be filtered out while
the particles in a
(solution or suspension)
can not.
suspension, solution
Vinegar is to a(n) (acid
or base) as ammonia is
to a(n) (acid or base).
Acid, base.
Acetic acid
is the main
component
in vinegar.
The strong acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can
be dissolved in pure water. Will the pH of
the solution be greater or less than 7.0 and
why?
Less than 7.0
because water is
already neutral
and it will now
be a weak acid.
Organic
chemistry is
the study of
all
compounds
that contain
bonds
between
carbon atoms.
______
Structural support
provided by what
macromolecule
includes membranes,
hair and nails?
proteins
Macromolecules are formed
by a process known as
polymerization
__________.
What compounds
consist of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio?
• Carbohydrates
Amino Acids are bonded
peptide
together by ________
bonds.
Amino Acids (aa)
aa1
aa2
aa3
aa4
aa5
aa6
What macromolecule does the
diagram depict?
starch or carbohydrate
Galactose, fructose and
glucose are all examples of
monosaccharides
________ in that they are
single sugar molecules.
Galactose is a component
of milk!
What is the polymer of the
following monomer?
Nucleic Acid
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What is the metabolic process by
which the ‘breaking down’ of complex
molecules occurs?
Catabolism
Cellulose is a polysaccharide
plants that
found in ______
provides strength.
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
cellulose
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
Lipid A is a _____ fatty acid because it
does not have double bonds.
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A
• saturated
fodjndkfngadf
B
What kind of
macromolecule
is chitin?
carbohydrate
Which macromolecule
‘stores the most
energy’?
lipids
• Quarternary or 4°
Hemoglobin is the
iron-containing
oxygen-transport
metalloprotein in the
red blood cells of
vertebrates. What
kind of protein
structure does it
demonstrate?
Lipids such as
olive oil, which
contains
unsaturated fatty
________
acids, tend to be
liquid at room
temperature.
Carboydrates:
Starch is to Polymer as
Glucose is to Monomer.
______
Examples of foods containing a high
proportion of __________
_________ include cream,
cheese, butter, and ghee; suet, tallow,
and lard. Saturated fat
Did you know??? People make sculptures
made of butter.. Check it out!
The following monomer is
An amino
referred to as - acid
In the amino acid diagram, the red
circle is the _____ group while the
blue circle is the ______ group.
amino,
carboxyl
In protein structure, what two levels
are missing below in order following
the Primary structure?
________?_____
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kdjbfsafksb
_______?_____
Secondary
and
tertiary
When the level of glucose in your
blood runs low, glycogen is
released from your liver. It is
referred to as an animal starch.
This would make it a polysaccharide
__________
in that it is made of many sugar
units.
Proteins: The bottom secondary structure
is an alpha helix while the top structure is
Beta _______
pleated _______.
sheet
a _______
What monomers make up a
nucleic acid?
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nucleotides
Amino Acid = Monomer
__________
Protein = Polymer
Complete the analogy.
The elements or
compounds that enter
into a chemical reaction
are known as reactants
H₂CO₃ → CO₂ + H₂O
Reactants
?
Products
Lipid molecules are made of
______ ______ and ______.
• Fatty acids
and glycerol
In the following reaction, is
energy being absorbed or
released?
absorbed
Endothermic reaction= absorbs energy
Exothermic reaction: releases energy
What kind of
reaction
would you
classify this
as?
Exothermic
A catalyst changes the rate at
which a reaction occurs by
increasing it. Therefore, does the
catalyst (decrease or increase) the
reaction’s activation energy?
Decrease
A is the _____ while B is the _____.
A
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B
A is the substrate
B is the enzyme
The substrate attaches to the
active
enzyme at the ______
site.
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What three factors can
change the productivity, or
how well it works, of an
enzyme?
• pH, temperature, and salinity
The following protein has
denatured in that it has
been ________
unwound or the coils have
come undone.
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TIE-BREAKER
What enzyme catalyzes the
hydrolysis of sucrose to
fructose and glucose.
Sucrase