Female Anatomy
• Vulva: The female external genital organs.
• Mons Veneris: The mound of fatty tissue that covers the joint of the pubic bones and cushions the female during intercourse.
• Vagina: The tubular female sexual organ that receives the penis during intercourse and through which the baby pauses during childbirth.
• Cervix: The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
• Uterus: The pear-shaped female reproductive organ in which the fertilized ovum implants and develops during childbirth.

Female Anatomy
• Fallopian Tubes: The straw like tubes through which the ovum passes between the ovaries and the uterus.
• Ovaries: Female reproductive organs that produce ova and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
• Clitoridectomy: Removal of the clitoris.
• A clitoridectomy is a rite of initiation into womanhood in predominately Islamic cultures in Africa and the middle east. The removal of the clitoris represents an attempt to ensure the girl’s chastity.

Male Anatomy
• Penis: The male organ that serves as a conduit for sperm during ejaculation and urine during urination.
• Testes: Males reproductive organs that produce sperm cells and male sex hormones.
• Scrotum: A pouch of loose skins that houses the testes.

Male Anatomy

Male Anatomy
• Sperm: Male germ cell
• Semen: The whitish fluid that carries sperm.
• Testosterone: A male sex hormone that promotes development of male sexual characteristics and has activating effects on sexual arousal.
• Prostate: A male reproductive organ that produces semen.

Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior
• The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone .
• Estrogen: A generic term for several female sex hormones that foster growth of female sex characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle.
• Progesterone: A female sex hormone that promotes growth of the sex organs, helps maintain pregnancy, and is also involved in regulation of the menstrual cycle.
• Menstruation: The monthly shedding of the inner lining of the uterus by women who are not pregnant.

Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior
• Sexual behavior among many lower animals is almost completely governed by hormones. Sex hormones have organizing and activating effects.
• An organizing effect would be the hormones predisposing lower animals toward masculine or feminine mating patterns.
• An activating effect would stimulation of the sex drive and facilitation of the sexual response.

Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior
• Testosterone in adulthood apparently activates masculine behavior patterns.
• Men who are castrated or given drugs that decrease testosterone in the blood stream, they show a gradual loss of sexual desire.
• Testosterone stokes sexual desire in both men and women.
• Sex hormones promote the differentiation of our sex organs in a masculine or feminine direction. As adults, we may need certain levels of sex hormones to become sexually aroused.

• In our society, there exist a large variety of sexual behaviors and contraceptive methods.
• 24.7% of men and 7.6% of women report masturbating at least once monthly.
• 70% of people report experience with oral sex.
• 26% of men and 20% of women have some experience with anal intercourse.

• Ten to twenty percent of married couples report engaging in sexual intercourse a few times a year whereas 30% report a frequency of 2-3 times per week.

• Issues to consider when choosing contraception:
• Convenience
• Moral Acceptability
• Cost
• Sharing responsibility
• Safety
• Reversibility
• Protection against STDs
• Effectiveness

• The sexual response cycle is characterized by vasocongestion and myotonia.
• Vasocongestion: Engorgement of blood vessels with blood, which swells the genitals and breasts during sexual arousal.
• Myotonia: Muscle tension.
• The sexual response cycle consists of four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution.

• Excitement Phase: The first phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by erection in the male, vaginal lubrication in the female, myotonia, and increases in heart rate in both males and females.
• In the excitement phase, men experience an erection, the scrotal skin thickens and the testes become enlarged.
• In women, the vagina becomes lubricated, the clitoris swells and flattens. The breasts enlarge and blood vessels near the surface become more prominent.

• Plateau Phase: the second phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for orgasm.
• In the plateau phase, breathing becomes rapid, like panting. Heart rate may increase to 100 to 160 beats per minute.
• In men the head of the penis shows some size increase and in women, the outer part of the vagina swells, contracting the vaginal opening in preparation for grasping the penis.

• Orgasmic Phase: The third phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by pelvic contractions and accompanied by intense pleasure.
• In the male, semen collects at the base of the penis and muscle contractions propel the ejaculate out of the body.
• Orgasm in the female is manifested in 3 to 15 contractions of the pelvic muscles that surround the vaginal barrel.

• Resolution Phase: The fourth phase of the sexual response cycle, during which the body gradually returns to its prearoused state. Unlike women, men enter a refractory period .
• Refractory period: A period of time following orgasm during which an individual is not responsive to further sexual stimulation.

• There are nearly 3 million new Chlamydia infections in the United States each year.
• Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is estimated to be present in 1/3 of college women and 8% of men aged 15 to 49.
• It is estimated that throughout the world,
15,000 people contract HIV.

• Don’t ignore the threat of STDs.
• Practice Abstinence.
• Engage in a monogamous relationship with someone who is not infected.
• Practice safer sex.
• Don’t use oral sex as an alternative.
• Talk to your doctor if you think you might be infected.
• When in doubt if the sex is safe…stop.