THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Leslie Justice, Ashley Szyjka, and Jessica Hurlbut
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One of the leading
figures in natural
philosophy and in
scientific methodology.
Wrote on questions of
law, state and religion,
and contemporary
politics.
http://www.iep.utm.edu/bacon/
http://www.123rf.com/photo_8635233_background-concept-wordcloud-illustration-of-scientific-methodresearch.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herbert_Railton_-_Gray's_Inn.jpg
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Educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge,
and Gray’s Inn.
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Completed his law
degree in 1582, and in
1588 he was named
lecturer in legal studies
at Gray’s Inn.
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He was elected to
Parliament in 1584
where he stayed for
over 30 years.
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Also in 1584, he wrote
his first political
memorandum, A Letter
of Advice to Queen
Elizabeth.
http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/parliament/22.html
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/june2006/francis_bacon.html
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He had a hard time rising
in political power while
Elizabeth was on the
throne.
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After he severed ties with
Essex, his relationship
with the queen improved.
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Bacon was knighted in
1603.
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Under James I, he rose to
the highest political office,
Lord Chancellor.
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In 1621 he was
impeached by Parliament
for corruption in his office
as a judge.
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/223478/enlarge
http://images-mediawiki-sites.thefullwiki.org/08/1/9/1/63151682149582601.jpg
http://truewildlife.blogspot.com/2011/02/chicken.html
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Bacon devoted the last
five years of his life to
his philosophical work.
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He died in April 1626 of
pneumonia after
experiments with ice.
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The Renaissance showed educated men what the
Romans and Greeks had done in certain subjects.

Invention of printing played a crucial role.
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Pioneers were mainly Italians, but work was taken
up by students in France, Germany, England, and
other countries.
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Copernicus (1473-1543)
“Founder of Modern Astronomy”
Copernican Theory: The Earth and
other planets rotate around a central
sun.
Caused controversy since it went
against the Bible.
http://www.polishamericancenter.org
/Pictures/Copernicus.jpg
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Galileo (1564-1642)
Italian Scientist
Made one of the first telescopes.
Telescope was about as
powerful as an opera glass.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aSUkEmmqDM/TWMsG8ypPfI/AAAAAAAAAA0/SZollJSF-qU/s320/GalileoGalilei.jpg
Kepler (1571-1630)
German Scientist
Worked out the mathematical laws that
direct the movement of the planets.
 Investigations afterward helped to lead
to the discovery of the principle of
gravitation.
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http://www.memo.fr/Media/Kepler.jpg
Vesalius (1514-1564) and
Harvey (1568-1657)
 Vesalius gave the first
careful description of the
human body based on an
actual dissection
(Founder of Modern
Anatomy).
 Harvey observed living
animals, and discovered
the circulation of blood
(Founder of Human
Physiology).
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http://www.nndb.com/people/270/000085015/and
reas-vesalius-2-sized.jpg
In the Middle Ages, students were told to accept
theories of Aristotle and other philosophers without
question.
 New Scientific Method relied on experimenting and
observation.
 "All depends on keeping the eye steadily fixed upon
the facts of nature, and so receiving their images
simply as they are, for God forbid that we should give
out a dream of our own imagination for a pattern of the
world.” - Lord Bacon
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OLD IDEAS
Scholasticism
Was a combination of
natural magic and
theology.
 You couldn’t contradict
God and his wisdom.
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NEW IDEAS
VS.
Empiricism/Inductive
Reasoning
 Inductive Reasoning –
with observed facts, a
general rule or principle is
created which is true for
all facts; however, “there is
always an element of
doubt .”
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Scientific knowledge could only be obtained through sensual
observations (touch, smell, sight, etc.) of nature.
Knowledge began with observation, but never went beyond it.
Bacon was adamant that there was more to knowledge than
the previous science method of rehashing the past.
He also believed the evils of current science were due to too
much admiration for the mind.
“Man, the servant and interpreter of
Nature, only does and understands so
much as he shall have observed, in
fact or in thought, of the course of
Nature; more than this he neither
knows nor can do.”
~ Francis Bacon
ROADBLOCKS
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Bacon’s followers “lost sight of the deeper intent
of his ideas.”
 George Bernard Shaw
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Risk of contradicting God
 Found a loop-hole by stating that science was the
studying of God's creation, and, therefore, was to the
glory of God.
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Shakespeare
Shakespeare, however, seemed to be apposed
to the new ideas Bacon proposed and may
have been another roadblock to Bacon’s
initial success.
We can tell this through the science mentioned
in Shakespeare’s plays.
Macbeth (1606), V, iii
 MACBETH: Throw physic to the dogs; I'll none of
it. —.
Twelfth Night (1601), II, iii.
 SIR TOBY: Does not our lives consist of the four
elements?
 SIR ANDREW: Faith, so they say; but I think it
rather consists of eating and drinking.
 SIR TOBY: Thou'rt a scholar; let us therefore eat
and drink.
Science After
Bacon
“No pleasure is
comparable to
the standing
upon the
vantage-ground
of truth.“
~ Francis Bacon
http://galileo.rice.edu/images/people/scientists/bacon1.gif
1.
What did Francis Bacon die from?
2.
What was Francis Bacon’s contribution to
science?
3.
Who were two prominent philosophers that
contributed to the scientific outlook of the age?
4.
Did Shakespeare approve of the new ideas
Francis Bacon proposed?
Mulder, Henry. "Descartes and Locke." Science and You. N.p., n.d.
Web. 7 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.scienceandyou.org/articles/ess_23.shtml>.
Mulder, Henry. "Francis Bacon." Science and You. N.p., n.d. Web. 7
Oct. 2011. <http://www.scienceandyou.org/articles/ess_23.shtml>.
No. 1542: Francis Bacon. Dir. John H. Lienhard. Engines of Our
Ingenuity. Web. 7 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1542.htm>.
William Shakespeare Quotes." TODAYINSCI. Today in Science, n.d.
Web. 7 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.todayinsci.com/S/Shakespeare_William/Shakespeare
William-Quotations.htm>
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"Elizabethan Science and Technology."
ELIZABETHAN ERA. Web. 07 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethanscience-technology.htm>.