CHAPTER 1: MATTER
1.1 MATTER HAS MASS AND VOLUME
METRIC SYSTEM BASE UNITS
Property
Length
Name
Meter
Symbol
m
Volume
Liter
L
Mass
Gram,
kilogram
Kelvin
g, kg
Temperature
K
WHAT IS MATTER???
• Matter is anything has mass and takes up space.
• Matter is made of atoms.
Example: human, desk, pencil, book, air, water
Nonexample: sound, light
WHAT IS MASS???
• Mass is the amount of
matter in an object; how
much “stuff” is the object
made of
WHAT IS MASS???
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object; how
much “stuff” is the object made of
Example: Which has more mass a metal teaspoon or
a plastic teaspoon? METAL TEASPOON
HOW DO WE MEASURE MASS???
• Mass is measured in a unit called kilograms (kg).
Smaller amounts of mass are measured in grams (g).
• Use a triple beam balance to measure the amount of
matter an object has.
HOW TO READ A TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
HOW TO READ A TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
• Make sure all sliders start at zero.
• Place object in pan.
• Starting with the largest slider (back), slide each until
the beam is balanced.
• Add up the totals of the sliders to get the mass.
**Remember to watch how you line up your numbers
before you add!!!
EXAMPLE 1
What is the measurement?
200 + 70 + 2.1 = 272.1 grams
EXAMPLE 2
What is the measurement?
100 + 30 + 5.7 = 135.7 grams
EXAMPLE 3
What is the measurement?
0 + 60 + 2.4 = 62.4 grams
WHAT IS WEIGHT?
• Weight is the downward pull on an
objects mass due to gravity
• Measured in Newtons (N)
• Use a spring scale to measure the
weight
WHAT IS WEIGHT?
MASS AND WEIGHT ARE NOT THE SAME!!!
• Weight = mass X gravity
• Mass cannot change! (how much matter inside object)
• Weight can change! (pull of gravity on mass of object)
What is the weight of a 15 kg box?
• Weight = mass X gravity
• gravity on Earth = 9.8
Weight = (15 kg) x (9.8)
Weight = 147N
15 kg
What is the weight of a 15 kg on the
Moon?
15 kg
• Weight = mass X gravity
• gravity on Moon = 1.6
Weight = (15 kg) x (1.6)
Weight = 24N
WHAT IS VOLUME???
• Volume is the amount of space an object takes up
• All objects take up space, so all objects have
volume
• The way to measure the volume depends on the
shape of that object
HOW TO MEASURE VOLUME???
• For a liquid, use a graduated cylinder.
• The units will be milliliter (mL)
HOW TO READ A GRADUATED CYLINDER
• Graduated cylinder must be on flat surface
• Keep eyes at the level of the liquid
• Read the meniscus – curve at the bottom of the measured
line of the liquid
EXAMPLE 1
What is this
measurement?
53 mL
EXAMPLE 2
What is this
measurement?
36 mL
HOW TO READ A GRADUATED CYLINDER
HOW TO MEASURE VOLUME???
• For a “true” solid, use the equation:
Volume = length x width x height
• Units will me cubic centimeter (cm3)
EXAMPLE 1
What is this measurement?
V=lxwxh
V = 5cm x 8cm x 2cm
V = 80 cm3
EXAMPLE 2
What is this measurement?
V=lxwxh
V = 6cm x 4cm x 7cm
V = 168 cm3
EXAMPLE 3
What is this measurement?
V=lxwxh
V = 12cm x 4cm x 3cm
V = 144 cm3
HOW TO MEASURE VOLUME???
• For an “irregular” solid, use displacement
• Displacement – the difference in the measure
of a graduated cylinder; how far the liquid
rises
• Units will me milliliter (mL)
EXAMPLE 1 What is this measurement?
New measurement – original
60.5 mL – 50.0 mL = 10.5mL
EXAMPLE 2 What is this measurement?
22.80 mL – 16.45 mL = 6.3 mL
EXAMPLE 2
What is this
measurement?
100 mL
– 80 mL
20 mL
1.2 MATTER IS MADE OF ATOMS
WHAT IS AN ATOM?
• Atoms are the smallest, basic unit on matter.
• They are the building blocks that create matter.
• Atoms are so small they cannot be seen with a
microscope
WHAT IS A MOLECULE?
• When 2 or more atoms bond together they form a
molecule.
• Molecules can be made of two of the same kind of
atoms or two different kinds of atoms
WHAT IS A MOLECULE?
Example: water molecule
(2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom)
WHAT IS A MOLECULE?
Example: oxygen molecule
(2 oxygen atoms )
WHAT IS A MOLECULE?
• A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance
• If you break a molecule down you end up with an atom.
• Molecules can be made of different numbers of atoms
• Molecules made of the same type of atom but a different
number create a different substance.
ATOMS AND MOLECULE MOVEMENT
• Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
• In liquid objects the motion is easy to observe
• In solid objects the motion is not noticeable
Example: How does food coloring spread in a class of
water? Motion of the water molecules.
ATOMS AND MOLECULE MOVEMENT
Example: How does food coloring spread in a class of
water? Motion of the water molecules.