University of Regensburg
15th International Conference of FFC - Third International Symposium of ASFFBC:
Mental, Neurological and other Chronic Disorders: Bio-markers, Bioactive Compounds, and
Functional Foods
May 10-11, 2014
Functional foods and
nutrition:
from
to
Palmieri B, Canello S, Guidetti G, Iannitti T, Di Cerbo A
“…provide health benefits beyond the provision of
essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, if
consumed regularly at effective levels and as part of a
varied diet...” (Hasler, 2000)
STUDIES
Almost 10 years ago…
genomic
proteomic
Network of Human and Vet comparative: oncology,
inflammation and neurodegeneration physiopathology,
health maintenance, nutrition prevention and treatment
Focus on oncology with pet animals as sentinels of human
diseases and potentital recognition of health imbalances
especially in old seek people
To match animals vs humans on a common
pathophysiological and therapeutical basis and
furthermore to comparatively explore the human/pet
common background for more effective strategies in
human health and disease
WELL
BALANCED
OMEGA
3/OMEGA 6
RATIO
METALS
AND
POLLUTANTS
FUNCTIONAL FOOD FORMULA
VEGETAL AND FRUIT
EXTRACTS,
MICRONUTRIENTS,
ATIOXIDANTS, ETC…
PROBIOTICS
AND PREBIOTICS
WORK HYPOTHESIS OF OUR
INVESTIGATION
Might any of these formulas be
routinely used in prevention and early
disease treatment for humans and
animals?
1st STUDY
Seventy-one dogs of different breeds (mean age ± SEM; 6.01 ± 0.11 yr and
mean weight ± SEM; 35.04 ± 1.04 Kg; 54% males, 46% females) with food
related dermatitis symptoms (flush, itch, dandruff, skin malodour, dry fur, skin
lesions) were supplied with a regular amount of nutraceutical product (a
standardized mixture of fish, potato and natural compounds such as: Aloe Vera,
Arctium lappa, Malva sylvestris and Ribes nigrum) named FORZA10 Dermo
Active over a 20 days period
BEFORE
AFTER
20
0
2
E
3
TI
M
***
10
DRY FUR
TI
M
E
TI
M
E
20
10
0
2
E
ITCH
TI
M
1
0
1
E
2
Mean Intesity Index
***
TI
M
20
***
0
**
Mean Intesity Index
TI
M
E
10
3
TI
M
E
20
3
E
0
2
TI
M
E
***
TI
M
***
10
SKIN MALODOUR
E
0
TI
M
1
0
Mean Intesity Index
1
E
20
10
2
TI
M
E
E
0
***
0
***
Mean Intesity Index
TI
M
TI
M
TI
M
E
Mean Intesity Index
3
TI
M
E
20
3
TI
M
E
10
0
2
TI
M
E
TI
M
E
Mean Intesity Index
FLUSH
DANDRUFF
3
***
***
1
0
SKIN LESIONS
***
***
1
0
ON THE HUMAN SIDE…
Arctium lappa: Lappaol F, diarctigenin and arctigenin, found in the seeds or
leaves, induce expression inhibition iNOS, NO production, pro-inflammatory
cytokine expression suppression, NF-kB pathway inhibition, antioxidant enzymes,
free radicals scavenging activation and apoptosis (Chan, 2011).
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK MEDICINE: Diuretic, diaphoretic and
blood purifying agent
Malva silvestris: phenolic acids such as: pyrogallol, Chrisin, Synergic, Gallic
and Vanillic, tannins, saponins, resins, terpenes, flavonoids and carbohydrates
have an antioxidant effect (malondialdehyde formation inhibition) (Sello, 2011)
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK
MEDICINE:
skin
disorders,
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
Ribes nigrum: cassis polysaccharide (CAPS, polysaccharide-rich substance
which consist of rhamnose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose in a
molar ratio of 11.3:0.9:54.1:29.8:2.0:1.9), with macrophage-stimulating activity.
(Takata, 2005)
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK MEDICINE: antiinflammatory activity
Tocopherols (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and essential fatty
acids (such omega-3 and omega-6) (Gasparetto, 2012), whose deficiency is
known to be responsible for AD-like pruritic skin inflammation (Fujii, 2013)
enhances the benefits of this functional food administration.
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK MEDICINE: skin diseases
Aloe
vera:
anthrone,
chromone,
aloe
verasin,
and
hydroxyaloin,
antiinflammatory activity (Hu, 2003); immune stimulation by polyglucans,
lectins (Aloctin 1) which significantly support the formation of specific and
nonspecific antibodies (Boudreau and Beland, 2006, Akev 2007); Glucmannan
and
acemannan
accelerate
wound
healing,
activate
macrophages,
antineoplastic and antiviral effects (Zhang, 1996; Ramamoorthy, 1996)
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK MEDICINE: rejuvenating, healing, and
soothing properties
2nd STUDY
One hundred seven dogs of different breeds (mean age ± SEM; 6.03 ± 0.15 yr and
mean weight ± SEM; 32.01 ± 1.17 Kg; 54.2% males, 45.8% females) with evident
clinical chronic otitis symptoms received a regular amount of nutraceutical food (a
standardized mixture of fish proteins, natural compounds such as: Melaleuca
alternifolia, Echinacea purpurea, Tilia platyphyllos scapoli et cordata, Allium
sativum L., Rosa canina L. and chelated Zinc and S. salivarius K12) named
FORZA10 Oto Active over a 30 days period.
EAR BEFORE
EAR AFTER
EARWAX
ITCH
***
***
0.0
1.5
1.0
30
0.5
Ti
m
e
30
20
1.5
Ti
m
e
2.0
20
***
Ti
m
e
0.0
10
1.5
Ti
m
e
2.0
Ti
m
e
1.0
0
2.0
10
**
e
Mean intesity index
BLOOD PRESENCE
Ti
m
e
***
Ti
m
30
20
*
0
1.5
Ti
m
e
Ti
m
e
10
*
Ti
m
e
0.0
***
Mean intesity index
***
30
EDEMA
Ti
m
e
0.5
0.5
20
*
1.0
Ti
m
e
*
10
***
2.0
Ti
m
e
0.0
Ti
m
e
0.5
0
**
Ti
m
e
***
Mean intesity index
***
0
***
Mean intesity index
30
20
Ti
m
e
Ti
m
e
10
2.0
Ti
m
e
30
1.0
e
1.5
Ti
m
2.0
20
10
Ti
m
e
0
1.0
e
e
0
Ti
m
e
Mean intesity index
1.5
Ti
m
Ti
m
Ti
m
e
Mean intesity index
PUS PRESENCE
AURICULAR FLUSH
***
***
***
***
1.0
***
0.5
0.0
***
***
***
***
0.5
0.0
ON THE HUMAN SIDE…
Clinical reports
8 children otitis media (OM) received 1 teaspoon of lemon-flavored cod liver oil
(eicosapentaenoic acid and vitamin A) and 1 half-tablet of a chewable
multivitamin-mineral tablet per day. A reduced antibiotic administration span
than before supplementation was observed, suggesting a moderate preventive role
for nutritional supplements for otitis media (Linday, 2002).
45 children with recurrent pathology received daily, for 90 days, an oral slow-
release tablet containing 5 x 109 CFU of S. salivarius K12. A 6-month followup period defined a 40% reduction in the episodes of acute otitis media and a 65%
of the incidence of ear infections (Di Pierro, 2012).
Zinc supplementation can reduce both incidence of OM in healthy children under
the age of five years and mean number of episodes (Gulani, 2012)
3rd STUDY
Sixty dogs of different breeds (mean age ± SEM; 6.08 ± 0.14 yr and mean weight
± SEM; 32.05 ± 1.12 Kg; 55% males, 45% females) with clinical gastrointestinal
disturbs (dehydration, appetite loss, regurgitation, emesis, abdominal pain,
flatulence, borborygma, diarrhea, weight loss, stool consistency, blood and mucus
presence in the stool) were supplied with a regular amount of nutraceutical
product (fish proteic hydrolysates, corn and a standardized mixture of
Enterococcus faecium DSM 10663-NCIMB 10415 (3.5 x 109 cfu), psyllium and
natural compounds such as: Castanea sativa, Origanum vulgare spp. Hirtum, Bio
mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), Rosa canina L.
and electrolites) namely FORZA10 Intestinal Active over a 30 days period
Ti
m
e
30
3
20
REGURGITATION
e
0
Ti
m
Ti
m
Ti
m
e
e
e
30
20
10
0
3
Ti
m
1
2
10
***
e
0
2
e
***
m
Mean disturb intensity
GRASS WISH
Ti
m
Ti
30
1
0
***
Mean disturb intensity
e
20
***
e
30
Ti
m
e
10
***
m
e
Ti
m
e
***
Ti
Ti
m
20
0
2
e
1
Ti
m
3
Ti
m
3
10
WEIGHT LOSS
e
***
0
0
2
Ti
m
***
e
Mean disturb intensity
1
Ti
m
30
*
0
***
Mean disturb intensity
e
20
***
e
30
Ti
m
e
10
0
***
m
e
Ti
m
e
e
***
Ti
Ti
m
20
3
e
Ti
m
Ti
m
3
Ti
m
10
0
2
e
e
Mean disturb intensity
2
Ti
m
Ti
m
Mean disturb intensity
DEHYDRATION
APPETITE LOSS
***
***
***
1
0
EMESIS
***
***
***
1
0
30
2
e
DIARRHEA
***
***
***
***
***
1
0
m
m
Ti
Ti
e
30
1
20
***
e
10
0
e
1
2
m
*
0
***
Mean disturb intensity
***
e
30
20
***
m
e
e
10
0
FLATULENCE
Ti
Ti
Ti
m
Ti
m
e
e
2
Ti
m
3
20
10
Ti
m
m
3
e
e
0
Ti
***
Ti
m
Ti
m
e
0
Mean disturb intensity
1
m
30
***
Ti
e
20
***
Mean disturb intensity
Ti
m
e
3
Ti
m
0
10
e
e
m
2
Ti
m
Ti
Mean disturb intensity
ABDOMINAL PAIN
BORBORIGMA
3
***
***
***
**
*
0
ON THE HUMAN SIDE…
Psyllium:
in commonly used for the treatment of constipation (by increasing stool
weight; Kumar, 1987), diarrhea (by increasing the bulk of stools; Belknap, 1997),
inflammation bowel diseases-ulcerative colitis (alleviating chronic constipation in
patients without slow colonic transit or disordered constipation; Fernandez-Banares,
1999), high cholesterol (binding of bile acids in the intestinal lumen and reduced risk of
coronary heart disease; Van Rosendaal, 2004) and diabetes (Water-soluble dietary fibers
decrease
postprandial
glucose
concentrations
and
decrease
serum
cholesterol
concentrations to men with type 2 diabetes; Anderson, 1999; Florholmen, 1982).
Rosa canina: phytochemical compounds such as phenolic acids,
proanthocyanidins, tannins, flavonoids, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty
acids,
phospholipids,
minerals,
galactolipids,
and
carotenoids
relieve
inflammatory symptoms and defers blood glucose and cholesterol elevation in
HIV patients (Paydary, 2012)
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK MEDICINE: viral infections
disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract
and
Origanum vulgare L. spp. Hirtum: polyphenols such as rosmarinic acid
and flavonoids (quercetin, eriocitrin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-Oglucoside, luteolin, apigenin) a dose-dependent protective effect on the copperinduced LDL oxidation (Kulisić, 2007)
EVIDENCE BEASED MEDICINE: N/D
FOLK MEDICINE: disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and
nervous system
vegetables
probiotics and prebiotics
active principles
fruits
whole grains
beverages
What about Gut
and
?
The gut absorption is a complex
pathway
with
intrinsic
healing
properties related to gut horomones and
liver secretion haemodynamics and
lymphodyinamics,
microcirculation
activity, gut cellular and soluble
immune systems cytokines, microbiota
neural network and neutroransmietters
Gut microbiota: role in obesity
Changes in gut microbial ecology
• Reduction in Bacteroidetes and proportional increase in Firmicutes
• Dramatic fall of overall diversity
• Bloom of a single class of Firmicutes: the Mollicutes
Alteration of metabolic potential
• Enrichment for phosphotransferase systems
• Enrichment for genes encoding beta-fructosidases
Consequences
• Increased capacity to import “Western-diet”-typical carbohydrates
• Increased capacity to metabolize imported sugars
Tilg H, Gatroenterology 2009
GUT microbiota and NASH
NASH patients have a higher prevalence of small intestinal bacterial
overgrowth which is associated with enhanced expression of TLR-4
and release of IL-8
Abu-Shanab et al., Nat Rev Gast Hep 2011
Beyond the direct effect of natural ingredients into the daily food intake
the microbiota symbiontic function in human health and disease
can be also modified by long term administration of
functional food either in human or in animals
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
- Humanization of domestic animals can be a valuable
strategy for dietary interventions studies
- Based on clinical evidences humans and pets might have
a very intriguing borderline mutual benefit in the
functional foods area
- The lesson of functional foods administration to the dog
potentially might be addressed to human beings. Chronic
food ingestion might infact modify the genetic background
and prevent or treat many diseases
- Possible gaps in human nutrition: the taste of
functional foods might be a drawback to their prolongued
intake; in fact the turnover of varied menus is utmost
appealing for human nutrition
- Gut microbiota modulation by probiotics/prebiotics
administration may reduce the risk of disease
WORKS IN PROGRESS
HALITOSIS MANAGEMENT IN HUMANS AND DOGS BY MEANS OF A
NUTRACEUTICAL INTERVENTION
NUTRACEUTICAL APPROACH
(Forza10 Immuno Active)
IN DOGS AFFECTED BY KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
SICCA
BEFORE TREATMENT
AFTER 30 DAYS