UNIT 5: CIVIL WAR AND
RECONSTRUCTION
VOCABULARY:

Abolish- formally put an end to a system,
practice or institute

Secede- withdraw formally from membership in
a federal union, an alliance, or a political or
religious organization.

Emancipate- set free, especially from legal,
social, or political restrictions.

Ballot- a process of voting, in writing and
typically in secret.

Surrender- cease resistance to an enemy or
opponent and submit to their authority.

Literacy- the ability to read and write.

Discrimination- the unjust or prejudicial
treatment of different categories of people or
things, especially on the grounds of race, age,
or gender.

Racism-the belief that all members of each
race possess characteristics or abilities specific
to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as
inferior or superior to another race or races.

Segregation- the enforced separation of
different racial groups in a country, community,
or establishment.

Amnesty- an official pardon for people who
have been convicted of political offenses.

Nullify- make of no use or value; cancel out.

Subjugation- It has to do with one group of
people dominating another group by taking
away their freedom.

Disenfranchise- deprive (someone) of the right
to vote or a right or privilege

Conscription- compulsory enlistment for state
service, typically into the armed forces.
1819
11 free states and 11 slave states
 Problem

Senate consist of :
2

representatives from each state
House of Representatives:
 based

- what to do with new territories?
on states population-
slave states had more representatives
WHY IS THIS A PROBLEM??
 1820
- 2 territories
want to enter
Maine
Missouri (about
2,000 slaves)
 What
is the
dilemma for
Congress?
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
Also known as the Compromise of 1820
 Maine enters as a free state
 Missouri enters as a slave state
 No slavery would be allowed north of the
36’30” line

INTERACTIVE MAP

Interactive Map

The Missouri Compromise was a temporary
solution to the questions of slavery and
territorial rights.

Senator Henry Clay suggested drawing a
line at the 36º-30' N. latitude.

Slavery would be banned everywhere
north of this line.

Missouri would join as a slave state,
Maine as a free state.
SOUTHERN RESPONSE

South realized that this compromise
threatened the balance between free and slave
states
 WHY?

South felt the US would need territories from
Mexico’s territory in which to expand slavery
the only area left was in Arkansas
QUESTION 1
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which statement best describes the failure of
the Missouri Compromise?
Compromise kept a balance between slave
and free states
Compromise is only possible among rational
people
Compromise did not prevent the Civil War
Compromise is usually short lived
QUESTION 2
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The purpose of the Missouri Compromise was
to
Return slaves captured in free states to slave
states
Allow slavery in Maine but not in Missouri
Maintain a balance of free and slave states
Let Missouri have slavery until 1850
Loyalty
to a
region
ISSUE
SECTIONALISM
NORTH
WEST
SOUTH
Henry Clay
(KY)
John
Calhoun
(S.C.)
Tariffs
Labor
Western
Land
Currency
Improvements
Daniel
Webster
(Mass)
Taxes on
Imported
goods
SECTIONALISM
ISSUE
NORTH
WEST
SOUTH
Tariffs
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
Labor
Western
Land
Currency
Improvements
SECTIONALISM
ISSUE
NORTH
WEST
SOUTH
Tariffs
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
Labor
FREE
FREE
SLAVE
Western
Land
Currency
Improvements
SECTIONALISM
ISSUE
NORTH
WEST
SOUTH
Tariffs
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
Labor
FREE
FREE
SLAVE
Western
Land
EXPENSIVE
CHEAP
CHEAP
Currency
Improvements
ISSUE
NORTH
WEST
SOUTH
Tariffs
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
FREE
SLAVE
CHEAP $
CHEAP $
Labor
FREE
Money based
Western
EXPENSIVE
On
gold
Land
Currency
Improvements
RELIABLE
Use Paper
Money CHEAP
CHEAP
SECTIONALISM
ISSUE
NORTH
WEST
SOUTH
Tariffs
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
Labor
FREE
FREE
SLAVE
EXPENSIVE
CHEAP
CHEAP
canals
Currency
RELIABLE
CHEAP $
CHEAP $
Improvements
YES
YES
NO
Such as
Western
the building of
Land
roads and
THE MEXICAN WAR OF 1846-1848
CAUSES OF THE WAR WITH MEXICO
Annexation of Texas
 Rio Grande or Nueces???
 America wanted Mexican Territory

 $30
million offered for New Mexico & California
 1846-minor clash took place in disputed land
between the rivers
Mexico claims
Nueces River
as the border.
U.S. Claims
Rio Grande as
the border.
TREATY OF GUADALUPE-HIDALGO



America gains a relatively quick and easy military
victory---takes longer to march South than to win the
war
Rio Grande established as Southern border of Texas
Mexican Cession for $15 million

Parts of present day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New
Mexico
PROBLEMS
California
Gold Rush of 1849
After the war with
Mexico (1848) what
would the U.S. do
with lands west of
the Rocky Mountains?
The Missouri
Compromise only
applied to lands
east of the Rockies.
COMPROMISE OF 1850
CALIFORNIA WANTS TO JOIN UNION AS A FREE STATE
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY
- LET PEOPLE VOTE
TERRITORIES
ABOLISH SELLING OF SLAVES IN D.C.
STRICTER FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
RUNAWAY SLAVE AD
Enters as
a
Free State.
These territories
were open to
slavery.
VIDEO QUESTIONS
1. Why did Sen. Douglas propose the act?
2. How did this law affect the Missouri
Compromise? Why?
3. How do some Northerners (especially in
Wisconsin) react to this law?
VIDEO QUESTIONS
1. Why did Sen. Douglas propose the act?
2. How did this law affect the Missouri
Compromise? Why?
3. How do some Northerners (especially in
Wisconsin) react to this law?
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

Stephen Douglas proposed that the Nebraska
Territory be split into two territories, Kansas
and Nebraska.
 The
settlers living in each territory would be able to
decide the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty.
FEELINGS ON THE ACT

Southern leaders supported it because they assumed
Missouri farmers with slaves would move across the
border.


President Franklin Pierce supported the bill and pushed it
through Congress.
Northerners were unhappy with the decision.


Said Missouri Compromise had already banned slavery in
the area and that this repealed that act.
Some protested by openly challenging the Fugitive Slave Act
THE CRISIS TURNS VIOLENT

Kansas was now open for settlement.


Antislavery settlers moved from New England
Proslavery groups also came in


Border Ruffians – gangs that battled anti-slavery forces
Two Governments – 1855 Kansas held elections



Border Ruffians came in and voted illegally and elected a
proslavery legislature
Antislavery settlers refused to accept the proslavery laws.
Because of these issues, gangs roamed the territory.
“BLEEDING KANSAS”
Proslavery men destroyed homes and smashed
newspaper offices.
 John Brown, an abolitionist, decided to strike
back

 He
and six men murdered five proslavery settlers.
 Both sides engaged in guerilla warfare.
 More than 200 people were killed.
THE DRED SCOTT CASE
Dred Scott Case (1857) – Scott was a slave
who moved with his owner to Illinois and the
Wisconsin Territory, which did not allow slavery.
 After they returned to Missouri, Scott’s owner
died.
 Antislavery lawyers helped his bring a lawsuit
stating that because Scott lived in a free state,
he had become a free man.

THE DRED SCOTT DECISION

Dred Scott v. Sandford
 Court
ruled that Scott could not file a lawsuit
because as an enslaved person, he was not a
citizen.
 Court also said that Congress did not have the right
to outlaw slavery in any territory
 Made
Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
 Reactions:
 White
Southerners were thrilled with the decision
because it allowed slavery everywhere.
 Northerners and African Americans were outraged.

Held meetings to protest
Fugitive
Slave Act satisfies
Southern planters but angers
Northern abolitionists
makes it a serious federal crime
to assist runaway slaves
abolitionists resist the Fugitive
Slave Act by using the
"Underground Railroad"
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
16th President of the United States
 Part of the Republican Party
 Lincoln won the 1860 election and was
inaugurated as president in March of 1861
 Southern States did NOT want Lincoln to be
President.


Presidential debates for
1860 election
 debates over the
extension of slavery into
new territories
Democrats = supports
popular sovereignty
Republicans = no
slavery in new
territories
Election of 1860 > Abraham Lincoln elected
president
 first Republican to be elected president
 South fears that it will result in the end of
slavery
 Seven Southern states secede from the Union
and form the Confederacy (C.S.A.) under
president Jefferson Davis.

The Republicans promised not to disturb
slavery where it existed
 Many Southerners did not trust the Republican
Party to protect their rights
 December 20, 1860- South Carolina seceded
 Other states debated secession
 US leaders worked for a compromise

THE CONFEDERACY
By February 1861- Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Florida, and Georgia (+South Carolina)
had seceded
 February 4th- delegates from these states met to
form a new nation
 The Confederate States of America with Jefferson
Davis as their president
 Southerners justified secession with the theory of
states’ rights
 They argued that the states voluntarily entered the
Union

THE CONFEDERACY
They defined the Constitution as a contract
among the independent states
 They believed the national government violated
that contract by refusing to enforce the Fugitive
Slave Act
 Also by denying Southern states equal rights in
the territories
 Because of these reasons, the states had a
right to leave the Union


Long-term Causes of the
Civil War
 Lincoln's election
represented the growing
strength of the federal
government over the
states
 Why
did the southern states secede?
They feared that increased federal
powers would be used to control the
states & ban slavery
 What was the war about?
(Confederacy) states‘ rights and
secession vs. (Union) the power of the
federal government
April
12, 1861 Fort Sumter (SC) >
The Civil War begins
Lincoln raises troops to put
down the rebellion
AR, TN, VA, NC join the
Confederacy
FORT SUMTER
 Confederate
forces started taking U.S.
forts within their states
 Lincoln didn’t want to start a war, but
allowing the Confederates to keep them
would amount to admitting their right to
secede
 Fort Sumter was a fort on an island
guarding Charleston Harbor
 The
Union military strategy: The
Anaconda Plan
Naval blockade of Southern ports
Capture Richmond
Control the Mississippi River
 The Confederate military strategy
get foreign aid & recognition from
Britain and France
UNION
Railroads +
Money +
Technology +
Higher population +
Weak military leaders -
Confederate
Generals +
Skilled soldiers +
Passion +
Home Turf +
Weak economy Transportation issues -
Lack of factories -

Video

July 1861 First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
 first major battle of the war >Confederate
victory
 Video
Sept. 1862 Antietam bloodiest day of the war >
stalemate
 Video

January
1863 Lincoln issues the
Emancipation Proclamation
declares that slaves in areas of
rebellion shall be freed
ending slavery becomes a new
goal or "higher purpose“
Video
July
1863 Gettysburg
Turning
point > Union victory
last offensive for Robert E. Lee and
the Confederacy
 Battle
Video
 Address Video
July 1863 Vicksburg
 Turning point > Union gains control of the
Mississippi River
 1864 Ulysses S. Grant appointed to be
commander of the whole Union army
 1864 Sherman's March to the Sea
 General William T. Sherman's (U.S.) army uses
"total war" to destroy plantations & railroads
 Total war- a war that is unrestricted in terms of
the weapons used, the territory or combatants
involved, or the objectives pursued

 April
1865 Appomattox (Virginia)
Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S.
Grant
 What
was Lincoln's primary goal at
beginning of the Civil War?
Preserve the Union
 The
end of the Civil War means the end of
slavery!
 April
14, 1865 Lincoln is
assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
VPAndrew Johnson will become
president and carry out Lincoln's
Reconstruction plans

Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan:
 lenient plan with goal of quick re-admission
for Southern states into the Union; offers
forgiveness to Confederates

Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction):
 Confederate states must meet the following
conditions to be readmitted:
Swear allegiance to the Union
Annul Confederate war debts
Ratify the 13th amendment (abolishes
slavery)
 Congressional
Reconstruction plans
 Military Reconstruction Acts (1867) set
requirements for readmission of the
southern states
 new
state constitutions must guarantee
black male suffrage
states
must ratify the 14th Amendment
(guarantees civil rights)
South divided into military districts
under federal occupation
Thirteenth Amendment abolished
slavery
Fourteenth Amendment guarantees
civil rights
citizenship for African-Americans
equal protection under the law
Fifteenth Amendment guarantees black
male suffrage
14th and 15th amendments ineffective
because states do not enforce them!!
 Civil
Rights Act of 1866 passed to
grant citizenship to African-Americans
 ŸFreedman's Bureau created to
provide education and social services
to former slaves
 The
end of Republican control in the
South caused by...
Ku Klux Klan tries to restore white rule
by using fear, intimidation, and violence
against Republicans
Political corruption and economic
depression causes declining support for
Reconstruction policies
 Democrats begin to regain power as
Southern states are readmitted to the
Union
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN RECONSTRUCTION
ENDS?
1880s-1890s Solid South under Democratic
Party control
 Jim Crow laws passed to discriminate against
African-Americans and keep whites at the top
of the social order
 Segregation in public accomodations
 Literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather
clauses used to restrict black voting rights
 video

 Compromise
of 1877 compromise
between Reps. and Dems. over the
presidential election of 1876
federal involvement in the South ends
 Plantation
owners want to re-establish
control, but freedmen refuse to work like
slaves
 New labor arrangements must be made to
replace slave labor
Sharecropping: landowners lease land
and equipment to farmworkers in
exchange for a share of the yearly crop
debt and poverty
Tenant farmers: pay cash to landowners
to rent farmland
Sharecropping Video
 Tenant Farming

LINCOLN MOVIE!

Create your own movie poster to promote the film.
The following items should be included:

A tagline under the movie title that summarizes the
“essence” of the movie. Your tagline should be one
sentence or phase that captures the main focus of the
movie.
Your review of the film. Out of 5 stars, how many
stars would you give the movie? Give a 2-3
sentence explanation for your opinion.
 An image that captures the most important scene
from the movie in your opinion.

EXAMPLES
“The
world will
be
watching”
–
The
Hunger
Games
“An adventure 65 million years in the making” –
Jurassic Park