Chapter 25
“The Age of Nationalism”
1850-1914
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
MR. RICK PURRINGTON
MARSHALL HIGH SCHOOL
I. Louis Napoleon (N III) in Fr 1848-1870
A. Nephew of N Bonaparte
B. Gov’ts role is to help people but not with
parliament, with authority
C. N III becomes a model – strong, authoritarian and
forward thinking
III.
Nationalism in U.S., Italy, and G
A. United States
1. By 1860, Nationalism dividing country
B. Italy
1. 1858 – N III and Sardinia alliance coaxes
Au into war over Lombardy
2. N III abandons alliance (fear of Pope)
3. Other nationalists in city-states aid Sardinia
4. By 1870, Italian city-states unify constitutional
monarchy under Victor Emmanuel
C. Germany
1. Influenced by Italian unification
2. Otto von Bismarck (OvB) named prime minister
of Pr by Kaiser (King) Wilhelm I of Pr
- OvB doesn’t have to work w/Pr parliament
- OvB orders new taxes, huge military
- OvB criticizes Au, gains favor w/S G city
states
- 1864 OvB wins Au/Pr war
- N + S G hesitant to unify (religious diff)
- OvB starts Fr/Pr war, gets S G support
- 1871 - G nationalism = unification!
Europe after G Unification in 1871
IV. Liberalism in 19th Century Russia
A. Ru’s Social Structure
1. landowning elites
2. serfs = unpaid labor
- peasants, servants, soldiers, few factory workers
B. Tsars
1. Nicholas I
- 1848 - “the savior of absolutism”
- Crimean War defeat for Ru = wake-up call for Ru
2. 1855 – Alexander II
- “tsar liberator”
- 1861 - serfs are freed but remain poor
- welcomes industrialization
- 1881 – terrorists “the people’s will”
assassinate Alexander II
3. Alexander III
- the return of repression
- all critics sent to Siberia
- Russification, Anti-Semitism
- industrialization = Marxist ideas become popular
4. Nicholas II
- 1904 – War w/ Japan defeat for Ru
- Bloody Sunday, Jan 22, 1905 – liberals are
slaughtered by royal guards