Instructions:
1. Complete both Lecture Notes and Challenge Questions using the
following slides.
2. Both will be checked when we return to class
(Wednesday/Thursday)
3. If school is delayed or cancelled, still plan to have this completed
by our first day back.
4. If you need an extra copy of the notes, they can be found on
Haiku.
5. Email with other issues, questions, concerns.
The Civil War
BIG Picture Question
What effect did the Civil War
have on American society?
North vs. South
• The United States of America
– AKA: the North, the Union
– President: Abraham Lincoln
• The Confederate States of America
– AKA: the South, the Confederacy
– President: Jefferson Davis
In 1861 the North went to war with the South
primarily to
A. avenge political defeats and insults inflicted
by the South
B. forestall a Southern invasion of the North
C. liberate the slaves
D. preserve the Union
E. prevent European powers from meddling in
American affairs
West Virginia
• Pro-Northern section of Virginia
• Economic ties to North
• Became state in 1863
Indian Territory
• Slave owning Native Americans and
abolitionist Native Americans fought
Advantages and Disadvantages
• Union:
– Pop. 22.5 mil
– Large navy
– Manufacturing (80% of factories, 90% of iron) and
large agricultural production of foodstuffs
– More wealth, railroads, telegraph
– The established government
• Confederacy:
–
–
–
–
Pop. 9 mil (3.7 mil of whom are slaves)
Strong military tradition
Agriculture
Defending their homeland
The 1850s Boom in
Manufacturing
• Interchangeable parts supported mass
production in northern factories
• Southern “colonial” economy (King Cotton)
was not prepared for war
New Technology
• Railroads and steamships
• telegraph
New Military Technology
• Rifling
• Minié ball
Financing the War
• 3 options – taxation, loans, treasury notes
• Confederacy printed treasury notes, leading to
inflation (the price of everything increases)
• Union funded mostly through war bonds
– Also first income tax and Legal Tender Act
Robert E. Lee & Ulysses S. Grant
Battle Plans
• North: Contain, divide, and conquer
– Blockade the coast (Anaconda Plan)
– Cut CSA in half along Mississippi R.
– Keep the Union together
• South: Defensive war of attrition
– Make the Union give up, gain foreign recognition
Fort Sumter
• April 12th, 1861
• First attack by Southern troops on Union
• Civil War begins, North vs. South
•
•
•
•
Some Battles
Bull Run (Manassas)
Shiloh
Seven Days Battles
2nd Bull Run (2nd Manassas)
Battle of Antietam, 1862
•
•
•
•
A turning point of the war
Lee’s army forced to retreat from Maryland
Prevented Britain from joining the war
Bloodiest single day
battle
The Battle of Antietam, September 17,1862, is
considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War
because it
A. confirmed George McClellan' s status as the
leading Union general
B. forestalled the possibility of European
intervention
C. marked the first use of Black troops by the Union
army
D. represented the Union's deepest thrust into
southern territory
E. resulted in the border states joining the
Confederacy
Emancipation Proclamation
• Official original aim of war – keep union together
• Runaway slaves = “contraband of war”
• Emancipation Proclamation issued after Antietam
– Didn’t actually set any slaves free, but made ending
slavery a goal of the war
Gettysburg, 1863
• Bloodiest battle of the war (3 days)
– Picket’s Charge
• Forced Lee to again retreat to Virginia
– Never attacked into the North again
The Gettysburg Address
• Lincoln gave his two minute speech to
commemorate the cemetery
Monitor and Merrimack
Ironclads
(Virginia)
•
• Changed naval warfare – made wooden ships
obsolete
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
• Lee surrenders to Grant, effectively ending the
Civil War
Lincoln’s Assassination
• Lincoln was murdered by John Wilkes Booth
while watching Our American Cousin at Ford’s
Theatre in Washington, D.C.
SIC SEMPER
TYRANNIS!
Henry Ford Museum – Dearborn, MI
Recap
• Bloodiest war in American history (620,000)
• Most battles fought in Virginia or Deep South
EFFECTS OF THE CIVIL WAR ON
AMERICAN SOCIETY
• Copperheads
– Northern Democrats
who wanted to end
war and compromise
with the South
• But, also left the
Republicans as the
dominant party in
Congress
Political Effects –
Division in the North
Economic Effects
• Both North and South experience inflation:
– North: about 80%
– South: about 9000%
Richmond Bread Riot
• Women broke into
stores, stealing bread
and other goods
The
th
13
Amendment
• Finally, on December 6th, 1865, the 13th
Amendment abolished slavery
African American Soldiers
• Black regiments for the first time
• 54th Massachusetts
– As seen in Glory
Opposition to the Draft
• In South, anger toward Twenty Negro Law
• In New York City, draft riots in 1863 mostly
involved poor Irish immigrants
– Over 100 African Americans were killed by the mobs
Women in the War
• War brought new opportunities
– Many women became nurses,
clerks and spies
• Dorothea Dix was head of
women nurses for the US
• Clara Barton started the Red
Cross
Blueprint for Modern America, 1862
• The secession of the South allowed Republicans to
have a large enough majority to pass these
progressive laws
• Homestead Act – Free land on Great Plains for farmers
• Morrill Land-Grant Act – Gave land to states for colleges
and universities
• Pacific Railroad Act – Authorized the transcontinental RR
• Morrill Tariff Act – High protective tariff
“Grandma Got Run Over by
a Reindeer”
During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed
legislation promoting economic development
concerning all of the following EXCEPT the
A. establishment of a high tariff to protect American
industry from foreign competition
B. granting of government subsidies to encourage
the export of manufactured goods
C. organization of a national banking system to
provide a uniform national currency
D. passage of the Homestead Act
E. provision of government loans and land grants to
private companies to construct a
transcontinental railroad
Reasons to Hate Each Other
• Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Andersonville Prison & Camp Douglas
Civil War’s Legacy
• The Civil War answered the tough questions
the Founding Fathers refused to answer.
– What should be done about slavery?
– What is more powerful, the federal government or
the states?
• Transferred political power from South to
North (kind of?)
• Replaced slave society with free-labor
ideology (kind of?)