The Emancipation Proclamation
The War Begins In Earnest
By: Ava Kucera, Shelby Wilson, Robert Pinkney, and Emmett Bacon
What You Should Take Away From This
Presentation:
● How the Battle of Antietam worked as a cover for Abraham
Lincoln to issue his Emancipation Proclamation.
● Northern and Southern strategies for the rest of the Civil
War.
● How the first battle of Bull Run changed the rest of the Civil
War.
● The Role of the Border States in the Civil war.
Northern and Southern Reasons for
Fighting
● The North was fighting to preserve the Union, and to force
the Confederacy to stay with the Union. Also for their
states to stop seceding. Abraham Lincoln had no wish to
end slavery, just contain it and keep it from moving West.
Later, either slavery, or The Peculiar Institution were
abolished for tactical military reasons.
● The South was fighting to keep slavery alive, and have it
spread West. They were terrified of slavery being
abolished because it was the foundation of their economy.
Without slavery, the South would fall. In some cases, there
were Southern citizens who didn't believe in slavery, but
they wanted to protect their land.
Overview of the Civil
War Strategy
Northern and Southern Strategies for the Civil War
● The North had a two step plan to destroy the Southern
economy with naval blockade, or the interdiction of a
nation’s lines of communication at sea by the use of naval
power. Then they would take control of the Mississippi
river, which would help divide the South.
● The South planned to gain British support because the
British needed the South’s cotton. However, the South
was incorrect, and their plan failed. It turned out that
Britain already had a lot of stored cotton-they also
received cotton from India and Egypt.
Important Dates*
1861 First Battle of
Bull Run, start
of the Civil
WarJuly 21, 1861
1862
The signage of
the
Emancipation
ProclamationSeptember 22,
1862.
The bloodiest
battle of the Civil
War, The Battle
of Antietam.
26,000 men
dead, wounded,
or missingSeptember 1618, 1862.
1863
The year the
Emancipation
Proclamation
went into effectJanuary 1, 1863
*Write in Notes
The Battle at Bull Run*
First Manassas
● Fought on July 21st, 1861
● Union commanded by Gen. Irvin McDowell,
Confederacy commanded by Gen. Pierre Gustave
Toutant Beauregard.
● The battle was unplanned, because the North had
been ordered to blockade the South, and go towards
the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia.
● Battle was fought near Manassas Virginia.
*Write in notes
Data from Battle of Bull Run
Union
Confederacy
Number of Soldiers: 35,000
Number of Soldiers: 34,000
Killed: 460
Killed: 387
Wounded: 1,124
Wounded: 1,582
Captured: 1,312
Captured: 13
The Battle of Antietam-Key Points*
● Union general George McClellan’s army of the
Potomac and Confederate general Robert Lee’s army
of Northern Virginia fought against each other in the
Battle of Antietam.
● The Battle of Antietam helped the Union's military
position enough to enable Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation without it seeming like a
desperate ploy.
● The Battle of Antietam was the turning point in the war,
and it changed how the North and South fought against
each other for the rest of the Civil War.
*Write in notes
Battle of Antietam Strategies
● General McClellan believed he was outnumbered, so he
refused to make strategic attacks.
● McClellan’s plans for re-enforcement were uncovered when
the first Corps had a skirmish with Lee’s men.
● “Stonewall” Jackson held a defensive position at Dunker
Church.
● Despite a disadvantage of two to one, Lee committed all of
his men to the attack at the Battle of Antietam.
Battle of
Antietam-Map
Battle of Antietam-Morning:
● By midday on September 16, all but three of Lee’s nine
divisions had arrived to the battlefield of Antietam.
● Afternoon of September 16, McClellan sent general
Joseph Hooker across the Antietam creek, to find where
Lee planted his army.
● Morning of September 17, Union troops made progress,
but attacks and counterattacks turned the forest near
Antietam into a bloody, battlefield.
Battle of Antietam-”The Bloody Lane”
● The first four hours of fighting were indecisive, but next came
a series of bloody head-on attacks against Lee’s center army
that finally overran the area-afterwards called “Bloody Lane”.
● Although the result of the battle was inconclusive, it remains
the bloodiest single day in American history, with more than
22,000 casualties.
Battle of
AntietamCasualties
and Engaged
Battle of Antietam-Results
● Battle of Antietam was a victory only in the sense that
McClellan still had command of the battlefield, and Lee’s first
Northern invasion had ended, without accomplishing
anything but attention from nearby farms.
● After a string of Union defeats, this Union “victory” provided
Abraham Lincoln the political cover he needed to issue his
Emancipation Proclamation.
● The last action in the Battle of Antietam was against Lee’s
right army, where Union troops pierced the line of
Confederate troops but were stopped by late-arriving
Confederate reinforcements.
What are Border States?*
● Border states are slave states that had not
declared a secession from the Union, yet.
● The four primary border states were Delaware,
Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.
● West Virginia-comprised the Civil War’s middle
ground, a region of moderation lying between the
warring North and South.
● Border states were critical due to their
geographical positions, and questionable in loyalty
because of their strong ties to both the North and
the South.
● Border States had cultural ties with the South, and
*Write in notes
Map of
Civil War
Overview
Border Region’s History
● The Border Region had been the place where Americans’
different interests coincided, and where there was slavery
and abolitionism, industry and agriculture.
● It was known as an area where both Democrats and
Republicans all existed side-by-side. It was also known as
the common place for Americans’ travel.
● Northerners migrated South to acquire land or even vacation.
Southerners went North for education or jobs, and
Easterners migrated West to find new land.
● The various cultures, economies, and politics of the nation
coexisted in this region, making it difficult, as sectional
conflict threatened the nation, to pull these states neatly
toward one side or the other.
Border States and Slavery Populations
● The Border States held fewer slaves than the South, but were
not completely against slavery, like the North.
● They encompassed only 11% of the nation’s total slave
population in 1860.
● The slave owners in Border States were significantly different,
because Kentucky had more slave owners than Mississippi,
and ranked third in slave ownership behind Virginia and
Georgia.
● Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation did not affect any loyal
border states. The loyal Border States were all Border States
but West Virginia.
Secession Crisis with the Border States
● The public’s opinion about slavery contributed to the
intensity of the national struggle.
● The politicians’ constituents were completely different, a
divided nation on a smaller scale, and a nation divided
against itself cannot stand.
● The secession crisis pushed border state leaders to
compromise with each other, and agree to secede together.
Maryland
● The Border States held a strategic advantage towards
both the North and the South.
● Maryland secured some defense for the North.
● To protect the nation's capital, Maryland suspended
habeas corpus. Habeas corpus was the law that
prevented people from being imprisoned without
charges or trial.
● If the Union lost Maryland to the Confederacy, than the
Union would lose Washington D.C., and would first
have to relocate to a different location, which would not
only embarrass the Union, but would also give the
Confederacy a type of power.
Kentucky
● Kentucky had a strategic military advantage towards
defending Delaware and Maryland.
● Kentucky was a major producer of agriculture for the Union.
● Kentucky would give the Confederates a defendable position
along the Ohio river.
● Capturing Kentucky would have been major damage to
agriculture for the North.
● The Declaration of Neutrality kept Kentucky out of the war
until the Confederates and Union broke it on September 4,
1861.
● Kentucky’s government was split into Union and Confederate
points of view.
Missouri
● Many guerrilla battles took place in Missouri.
● The first federal ironclads were built in Missouri.
● Missouri was split into a Confederate government and a
Union government after a failed attempt at neutrality.
● Missouri was ravaged by guerrilla warfare throughout the
Civil War, similar to Kentucky.
● Missouri became a Confederate State in November of 1861.
Delaware and West Virginia
● The state legislature of Delaware firmly voted for remaining
in the Union.
● Delaware never seriously threatened to leave the Union.
● Delaware held the most advanced and expensive P.O.W
camp during the Civil War.
● West Virginia split off from Virginia because not many people
owned slaves in Western Virginia.
● West Virginia became its own state on June 20,
1863.
The Emancipation Proclamation
● The Emancipation Proclamation was a document signed
on January 1, 1862 by the 16th president of the United
States of America, Abraham Lincoln. It stated that all
states rebelling against the Union would have to free
their slaves forever, as a military tactic to weaken the
South.
● An interesting fact: it has been said that Abraham
Lincoln was a little hesitant on signing the proclamation
because of the impact on his decision-he knew that he
would change American history.
Key Quotes from the
Emancipation Proclamation:
● “By the virtue of the power vested in me vested as
Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United
States in time of actual armed rebellion against the
authority and government of the United States… as a fit
and necessary war measure for suppressing said
rebellion”.
● “And the Executive government of the United States,
including the military and naval authority thereof, will
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and
will do no acts or acts to repress such persons, or any of
them, in any efforts they may make for their actual
Thanks for Watching