Fetal Pig
A study of mammalian anatomy
with emphasis on humans and the
fetal pig
Taxonomy
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
(backbone/spine)
• Class: Mammalia
• Order
• Genus: Sus
• Species: scrofa
• When naming an animal
scientifically you would
use that animal’s genus &
species.
•
Ex. This type of pig is
Sus scrofa.
Fetal Pig
• Fetal = fetus: a stage
in animal
development. A well
developed zygote.
External/Head Region
•
•
External structures
*There are 3 major regions of
the pig’s body. Head, trunk &
tail.
•
I) Head region – usually
considered the front or top of a
species. Usually contains the
brain & most sense organs
1) Eyes (2) – sight
organs.(#3)
2) Jaw – a bony area of the
head that contains the
teeth (#5)
3) Snout – the pig’s nose
used for smelling & digging
(#4)
4) Ear – organs used for
hearing. May be called
Pinnae (#1 & #2)
–
–
–
–
External/Trunk Region
•
B) Trunk – the midsection of a
mammal. It is broken into 2 sections,
the thorax (upper trunk) &
abdomen (lower trunk).
–
Legs- front & hind. Used for
movement
–
Umbilicus (umbilical chord) –
small tube that connects the
fetus to the mother’s uterus.
Used to feed the baby in the
womb.(#6)
–
Nipples – on males & females,
but often more on the female
pig. Used to feed the young
milk. (#10)
–
Reproductive organs – For
reproducing.
•
a) Male- penis & scrotal
sac. (May not be outwardly
visible.) (#9)
•
b) Female – Vagina
–
Anus – pore used for eliminating
solid waste from the body. (May
be considered part of the tail
region as well.(#11)
External/Tail
•
Tail – the back of
some species. A tail
can be used for
anything from
swatting pests &
grasping objects to
attracting mates &
distracting
predators.
The Internal Structures
• All internal structures will be put into body
systems.
• The systems will include:
– Digestive/Excretory
– Urogenital/Reproductive
– Respiratory
– Circulatory
– Nervous
– Skeletal
– Muscular
*Not all systems or organs will be mentioned
Digestive/Excretory Systems
•
Digestive/Excretory system – converts food to
energy for the body’s use & removes waste from
the body.
–
Liver – organ that removes waste from
some foods. (detoxification) It also stores
bile. Usually brown.
–
Diaphragm – muscle between abdominal &
thoracic cavities that separates them &
puts pressure on lungs & esophagus.
–
Tongue – taste organ with 4 taste buds on
it. ( sweet, sour, salty, bitter)
–
Esophagus – muscular tube behind the
tongue that connects mouth to stomach.
–
Stomach – stores & digests food using
enzymes & stomach acids.
–
Small intestine – smaller tube that connects
stomach to large intestine beginning of
waste removal (excretory system).
–
Large intestine – also called colon. Waste
removal is its function.
–
Rectum – a muscle at the end of the large
intestine that pushes feces (solid waste
from the body) out.
–
Anus – an external feature but a pore
where the waste leaves the body.
–
Gall bladder – small greenish structure
behind the liver. It contains bile & helps
detoxify food.
–
Spleen – connected to the stomach. It
makes white blood cells so it is actually part
of the circulatory system. Long & thin.
–
Pancreas – in the mesentery (web-like
connective tissue) behind stomach. Usually
it is gray & bumpy & has enzymes that aid
in digestion.
Urogenital & Reproductive Systems
•
•
•
•
Urogenital & Reproductive systems – to
remove liquid waste & reproduce offspring
Urogenital
–
Kidney – bean shaped organ on the
wall of the back that removes excess
salt, H2O, & urea (nitrogen waste) from
the blood.
–
Ureter – small tubes that empty the
kidneys to the bladder.
–
Bladder – the bulb-like sac organ that
stores urine until it is ready to be
removed.
–
Urethra – a tube that empties urine from
the bladder out of body.
Male reproductive system
–
Penis- male reproductive organ
–
Scrotum – sac that protects the testes.
–
Testes – 2 male oval organs that
produce sperm.
Female reproductive system
–
Vagina – female reproductive organ.
–
Ovaries – 2 small round organs
attached to the back produce egg cells.
–
Oviduct (Fallopian tube) – 2 tubes that
connect ovaries to the Uterus for
fertilization. Pig has Uterine horns
(extensions that help mammals with
multiple births).
–
Uterus – a sac where fertilization takes
place & the fetus is nurtured.
The Urinary System
Reproductive Diagrams
Male
Female
Respiratory System
•
Respiratory system –
brings in oxygen &
removes carbon dioxide.
– Mouth- where air
enters. Tongue & teeth
are in the mouth.
– Pharynx – a cavity that
has the organs for
breathing.
• Larynx – voicebox
• Trachea – windpipe.
Ringed cartilage.
– Lungs – 2 organs that
exchange gases.
Circulatory System
•
Circulatory system transports, blood, oxygen, &
nutrients to the body.
–
Blood vessels – carry blood
•
•
•
–
Veins –smaller blood
vessels bring blood back to
the heart from the body.
This blood contains little or
no oxygen.
Arteries- larger blood
vessels that carry blood with
oxygen from the heart to the
body.
Capillaries – small
connecting blood vessels.
Heart- muscular organ that
pumps blood to the body.
Nervous System
• Nervous System –
controls body’s senses
functions, & actions.
– Brain – the organ that
controls all the body’s
functions, the nerve center.
– Spinal Chord – nervous
tissue behind the
backbone. Like an
electrical wire to the rest of
the body. Sends signals
from brain to body’s
nerves.
Skeletal System
• Skeletal system –
Protection,
movement, & support.
• All bones (humans
206) & cartilages (soft
bone) are part of this
system
Muscular System
• Muscular system – for
movement &
insulation.
• It includes all
ligaments (muscle to
bone) & tendons
(muscle to muscle)
(connective tissues).