• What roles do women, African-Americans and
Native Americans play in colonial society?
– List two (or more) for each
• Predict – How do you think these groups will
contribute to the war effort?
Bell Ringer!
Primary Source
• “You (white colonists) are taxed without your
consent, because you are not represented in
Parliament. I grant that is a grievance… [But]
pray, sir, …are not your hearts also hard, when
you hold [Africans] in slavery who are entitled to
liberty by the law of nature, equal as
yourselves?”
• What is the main argument?
• Who do you think the author could be? Why?
“All Men Created Equal”
• Share a common goal – fighting for freedom
• Both groups were denied equality at this time
and had hopes that the war would bring
change to them as well
Women and War
African-Americans and War
Native Americans and the War
• As war spread West, Americans and British
both tried to win support of Native Americans
• British were more successful – why?
What do you see?
What do they have in common?
What makes them unique?
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
More about the statues…
• This memorial incorporates three bronze sculptures of important women
in history.
• The first, Abigail Adams, served as confidant and advisor to her husband,
President John Adams, and was a strong advocate of women’s rights.
• The second, poet Phillis Wheatley, became the first published AfricanAmerican after being kidnapped from her family and enslaved as a child in
Senegal and then sold as property to a couple in Massachusetts.
• The final figure is abolitionist and suffragist Lucy Stone, known for being
the first woman to keep her own last name after marriage and one of the
first American women to earn a college degree – which she personally
funded.
• Sculptor Meredith Gang Bergmann modeled the figures in dynamic poses
that invite viewer interaction. Unlike many of the large commemorative
sculptures dotting Commonwealth Avenue, they are not perched upon
high pedestals but instead stand at street level. By resisting the typically
detached quality of commemorative sculpture, Bergmann pays a fitting
tribute to these women and their revolutionary ideas.
Reading the sources
• 1st reading
–
–
–
–
Tyranny
Freedom
Wrongs
Grievances
• 2nd reading
– Poem
– Rhyming stanzas
– Solemn tone, emotional appeal
• 3rd reading
–
–
–
–
Wheatley was captured from Africa, taken from her family
She was taken as a young child
She empathizes with America’s problems with Britain
Compares colonial control to slavery
Tyrant/Tyranny/Tyrannical
= Dictator, all powerful,
king-like, cruel
Answering the TDA
• Main idea/message of the work
• Give a quote and explain how what it means in
your words
• So, what? Pull it all together – what does the
author want?
Grading
1 – Below expectations
2 – Developing
3 – Meets Expectations
4 – Exceeds Expectations
Example of a “4” response
Author’s
main
message
Quote from
text and
YOUR
analysis
So, what?
What does
the author
want?
Phillis Wheatley is communicating the message
of how America’s struggles with Britain are like
the struggles of a slave. She compares her life
as a slave to British rule over America.
She hopes, “others may never feel tyrannical
sway” conveying her point that America should
not feel the same injustice she experienced
when she was stolen from her family in Africa.
She empathizes with the plight of America and
condemns slavery, wanting freedom for both.
• 1st reading – key words that stick out to you
–
–
–
–
independency
ladies
tyrants/ tyrannical
Rebellion
• 2nd reading – what kind of writing is it? How is it
organized?
– Letter
– Persuasive
• 3rd reading – What conclusions can you make?
– Abigail Adams is concerned about women’s lack of rights
– She communicates openly with her husband (does not
hold back her “radical” opinions)
– She wants to see the status of women change with
independence