The Emergence of
Modern Industry
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did the drive for modernization impact
the lives of the average citizen?
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The 1 Industrial Revolution
►Begins in Great Britain
►Centered around
improvements in production
and efficiency
►Had a large “Domino Effect”
►Better agriculture leads to
►An increased population which
leads to
►Higher demand which leads to
►More production which leads to…
The Spread of Industrialization
►Industrialization varied
from country to country
►Countries industrialize
quicker if they have:
• Large urban areas
• History of international trade
A foundry in France – 1800s
►Western Europe, the
United States and Japan
begin to industrialize in the
1800s.
The Rise of
FACTORIES
Problems with Cottage
Industry
The Factory System
CAUSES
EFFECTS
• Cottage industries
couldn’t keep up with
demand
• Prices of mass-produced
goods were much lower
than hand produced
• New inventions
improved means of
production
• Tremendous wealth
accumulated by factory
owners (capitalist?)
• New machines too big
for homes
• Need for more raw
materials (colonies?)
• SOLUTION: Factories
• Growth of cities
Unintended Consequences
• Cities grow at a very rapid
pace—and become VERY
crowded
• Urban life is dirty and difficult
• Slums and tenement districts
become commonplace
• Labor sources become more
diverse (women & children)
• There is a growing divide
between the rich and poor
The 2nd Industrial Revolution
►Advances in scientific
knowledge allow the 2nd
Industrial Revolution to take
place
►1870 to 1914 – 2nd Industrial
Revolution
►Steel, chemicals, electricity, and
petroleum
►Manufactured goods become
more complex and
cheaper/faster to produce
• Demand for resources to
produce these items grows
New Ideas: Capitalism
• Based upon the ideas of “LaissezFaire”
• Government stays out of
business
• Free market system—the market
sets the price (Supply and
Demand)
• “For Profit” system
• Rewards those who produce
superior goods and services
New Ideas: Utopianism
• Communal idea popularized by Robert Owen as an
alternative to capitalism
• Capitalism creates classes; classes create division amongst
the people
• Classless societies are the best form of social organization
• Promotes cooperation and equality
New Ideas: Socialism
• Opposite of capitalism—no
free enterprise
• Government controls the
economy
• Wealth is more evenly
distributed
• The working masses
(proletariat) have the power