Chemistry
Chapter 1 & 2
Introduction to Chemistry & Matter
and Change
 Chemistry – study of matter
and the changes it undergoes.
 Organic chemistry –
chemistry of carbon
compounds.
 Inorganic chemistry –
chemistry of non-carbon
compounds.
 Physical chemistry – defines
chemical behavior
mathematically.
 Analytical chemistry –
identifying the composition
of materials.
 Biochemistry – the chemistry
in living organisms.
 Mass –the amount of matter
in an object.
 Matter – anything that has
mass and takes up space
(not energy).
 substance (pure) – has a
fixed composition unlike a
mixture; (i.e. element or
compound)
 Physical property – what a
substance looks like. (color,
size, shape)
 Physical change – change in
physical appearance. (chop,
cut, paint)
 Change of state – a physical
change of a substance from
one state to another.
Requires the addition or
removal of heat.
Changes of State
 Solid – matter with definite
shape and volume.
 Liquid – matter with
indefinite shape and definite
volume.
 Gas – matter with indefinite
shape and volume.
Molecule animation
 Vapor –gaseous form of a
substance that is normally a
liquid or solid at room
temperature.
 Plasma – atoms lose their
electrons at a high
temperature.
 Mixture – a physical blend of
two or more substances.
 Heterogeneous mixture – not
uniform.
 Homogeneous mixture –
uniform mixture
 Solution – a homogeneous
mixture. (ex. Salt water or
kool-aid)
 phase – part of a system with
uniform composition and
properties.
Ex. Oil and water are
in two phases;
Ice water has two
phases
 distillation – physical method
of separation involving
boiling, then condensing
vapor.
 Atom – smallest unit of an
element.
 Element – a pure substance
made of only one kind of atom.
 Compound – two or more
elements that are chemically
bonded.
Mixtures vs Pure
Substance
 Chemical symbol –
 represents an element
 1 – 3 letters
 the first letter is capitalized
 Ex. Fe, Si (not SI!!!)
 Chemical property – a
substance’s ability to
undergo changes that
transform it into different
substances.
 Ex. Flammable, reacts with
water, etc.
 Chemical change (or
chemical reaction) – Change
in which one or more
substances are changed into
new substances.
 Reactants – substances that
react in a chemical change. Go
on the left of a chemical
equation.
 Products – substances that are
formed in a chemical change.
Go on the right of a chemical
equation.
Reactants  Products
2Na + Cl2  2NaCl
H2O  H2 + O2
2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
2K + 2H2O  2KOH + H2
Indicators of a
chemical change (5)
•Color change
•Odor change
•Production of a gas or a solid
(precipitate)
•Energy change (heat, light, sound)
•Usually irreversible
Law of conservation
of mass
Mass is neither created nor
destroyed
Mass reactants = mass products
2Na + Cl2
(10g reactants)
2NaCl
(10g products)