SKELETAL SYSTEM
Chapter 3
FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
 Provide framework for the body
 Protect & support the internal organs
 Joints help to provide for body
movement
 Calcium is stored in bones
 Red bone marrow helps
form blood.
SKELETAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
 The skeletal system includes
bones, cartilage, ligaments,
joints, and bursa
 Bones are made of connective
tissue.
 Bone is almost the hardest
tissue in the body
STRUCTURE OF BONES
The Structure of Bones
Bones are made up of tissue, bone
marrow, and cartilage
(Figure 3.1, p. 39)
www.taleghanihospital.ir/.../BMT/BoneMarrow.gif
Tissues include: See Table 3.1 (p. 38)
Peri /oste /um – outermost covering of bone
Compact bone – strong outer layer of bone
Spongy bone – found inside and at the ends
of bones; red bone marrow located here
Medullary Cavity – shaft of long bone,
surrounded by compact bone; contains
yellow bone marrow
STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D.
Bone Marrow
Red bone marrow – located within spongy
bone, manufactures products that help form
blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow – located in medullary
cavity; made of fat cells, serves as fat
storage area
Cartilage
Smooth rubbery substance that acts as a
shock absorber between bones
Articular cartilage – covers surface
of bones that form joints
Meniscus – rounded cartilage (ex. knee)
www.straightfromthedoc.com/50226711/knee.jpg
STRUCTURE OF BONES CONT’D.
Anatomical Landmarks of a Bone
Diaphysis – shaft of long bone
Epiphysis – wide end of long bone
Proximal epiphysis – end of bone closest to
midline of body
Distal epiphysis – end of bone farthest from
midline of body
Foramen – opening in a bone for blood
vessels, nerves, and ligaments
Process – projection on the surface of a
bone that serves as attachments for muscles
and tendons
JOINTS
Joints – connections between bones
Types of Joints
Suture – forms a joint between two bones
that do not move (ex. - skull)
Symphysis – two bones are held firmly
together and act as one bone
(ex. – symphysis pubis)
Synovial – movable joints in the body
(ex. – ball and socket
and hinge joints)
apps.uwhealth.org/.../images/en/19903.jpg
STRUCTURES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Turn to p. 40, Figures 3.4 and 3.5
Ligaments – connects bone to bone
Synovial membrane and fluid – synovial
joints are surrounded by a capsule and
are lined with a membrane. Synovial
membrane secretes a fluid that acts as a
lubricant.
Bursa – a sac, lined with a synovial
membrane and also contains synovial
fluid. Found in areas where a tendon
passes over a bone (ex. knee)
BONES OF THE SKULL
Please turn to p. 43, Figures 3.9 and 3.10
Major bones of the skull include:
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
BONES OF THE FACE
Major bones of the face include:
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Vomer
Mandible
Nasal
BONES OF THE CHEST
Turn to p. 41, figure 3.7
Ribs (12 pair)
Sternum
Xyphoid process
Clavicle
Scapula
BONES OF THE UPPER BODY
Turn to p. 44, figures 3.11 and 3.12
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
BONES OF THE SPINAL COLUMN
Turn to p. 45, figure 3.14
Cervical vertebra (1-7)
Thoracic vertebra (1-12)
Lumbar vertebra (1-5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
BONES OF THE PELVIS
Turn to p. 46, figure 3.15
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
BONES OF THE LOWER BODY
Turn to p. 47, figure 3.17
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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MEDICAL SPECIALTIES
Detailed information can be found on
pages 47-48:
Chiropractor
Orthopedic surgeon
Orthotics
Osteopathic MD
Podiatrist
Rheumatologist