Prologue- Rise of Democratic
Ideas
Section 1
Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome
Standard 10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical principles
In ancient Greek and Roman philosophy to the development of Western
Political thought
Standard 10.1.1 Analyze the similarities and differences in JudeoChristian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties
Of the individual
Standard 10.1.2 Trace the development of the Western political ideas
Of the rule of laws and illegitimacy of tyranny from Plato’s Republic
And Aristotle’s Politics
Athens Builds a Limited
Democracy
• City-States
• Democracy –
“rule of the
people”
•
How did each of these Athenian leaders
contribute to the development of democracy?
Solon
Cleisthenes
Pericles
Outlawed
slavery based
on debt
All free male
adults are
citizens
All citizens
submit laws for
debate
Council of 500
– members
chosen
randomly.
Why?
Increased # of
paid public
officials
Paid jurors –
why is this
important?
Council of 400
Types of Government
Chart p. 6
• Monarchy- king, hereditary, “divine right”
• Aristocracy- nobility, hereditary, wealth
• Oligarchy- small group rules
Solon and Cleisthenes
1. How did Solon expand democracy?
2. Who was not allowed to become a citizen
in Athens?
•
3. Why was Cleisthenes considered
the
founder of democracy?
Supreme Court
Building –
Washington D.C.
This is Solon!
Pericles
1. How did Pericles
strengthen
democracy?
2. What is the
difference between a
direct and indirect
democracy?
3. Why did democracy
end in Athens?
Why did democracy end in Athens?
• Peloponnesian
War
• Athens v. Sparta
• Invasion by
Macedonia
"A house divided against
itself cannot stand.“ –
Abraham Lincoln (1858)
Why do some historians believe
that Athens was not a “true
democracy?”
• Not considered
citizens
1. Women
2. Slaves
3. Foreign
residents
Greek Philosophers Use Reason
•
Philosophy –
“love of wisdom”
1. What is the
connection between
philosophy and
democracy?
Socrates
The Role of Government
• Philosophers of
ancient Greece
were especially
concerned with the
proper role of
government
• Tyranny- what is
it? And why is it
dangerous?
"one who rules without law,
looks to his own advantage
rather than that of his subjects,
and uses extreme and cruel
tactics -- against his own
people as well as others"
What do Plato and Ice Cube have
in common?
• “The unexamined life is not worth living”
399 B.C.
• “You better check yo self before you wreck
yo self” - 1993
• The Republic –
Plato
describes a perfectly
governed society.
• Who should rule?
• philosopher-kings!
• Why?
Positives
Negatives
Plato’s Republic
An ideal society consists of three main classes of
people—producers (craftsmen, farmers, artisans, etc.),
auxiliaries (warriors), and guardians (rulers); a
society is just when relations between these three classes
are right. Each group must perform its appropriate
function, and only that function, and each must be in the
right position of power in relation to the others. Rulers
must rule, auxiliaries must uphold rulers’ convictions, and
producers must limit themselves to exercising whatever
skills nature granted them (farming, blacksmithing,
painting, etc.)
Aristotle
• Politics – the
middle class should
govern society.
• Why?
You
Politics
Politics
• “the middle class is large, there are least likely
to be factions and dissensions”
• “for when there is not a middle class, and the
poor greatly exceed in number, troubles arise”
• “for the rich and the poor will never consent to
rule in turn, because they mistrust one
another”
• “and he who is in the middle is the arbiter”
Legacy of Greece
1. Used reason to solve
problems
2. Developed direct democracy
to allow citizens to actively
participate in government.
3. 3 branches of government
(why?)
4. Jury system
5. Fear of tyranny!! Why!
Aristotle: In Search of the Best
Constitution
1. What did all the delegates at the Constitutional
Convention have in common?
2. Describe an ancient Greek constitution.
3. Why did Aristotle believe that kings should not
possess absolute power?
4. What is a tyrant?
5. Define aristocracy and oligarchy.
6. Why did Aristotle believe that democracy was
dangerous?
7. According to Aristotle, what was the best
constitution?
8. Overall, do you agree or disagree with Aristotle.
Be specific in your answer.
Rome’s contribution to Western
Civilization
• Latin language. Still widely used in its
own right in law, medicine, publishing,and
academic writing. Also the basis of the
modern languages
French,Spanish,Italian,Portuguese and
Romanian.
Rome’s contribution to Western
Civilization
• Road building.
Roman roads are still
used as the basis for
many modern road
systems in terms of
routes. Roman road
building techniques
were so advanced that
the same methods are
used today, albeit with
different materials.
Rome’s contribution to Western
Civilization
• Construction.The
Romans invented
concrete, still the basis
of all modern large
scale construction
projects.The Romans
also built new towns
and cities on a grid
design, as do all
countries, globally,
today.
Rome Develops a Republic
•
A republic is a form of
government in which power rests
with citizens who have the right
to elect the leaders who make
governmental decisions
The Republic of Rome
• Patricians –
landowners who held most
of the power. Claimed that
their ancestry gave them
the authority to make laws
• Plebeians – common
farmers, merchants. Were
citizens and allowed to
vote. However, could not
hold many government
positions.
Twelve Tables
• Roman laws were carved on
12 tablets and publicly
displayed.
• Why is the formation of a
written law code
necessary in a democratic
government?
• Established the idea that all
free citizens had the right to
protection of the laws and
that the laws would be fair
to all.
Republican Government
• Legislative branch
made up of the
Senate
• Senate was made
up of only
patricians.
• Why do you think
plebeians were not
allowed to be
senators?
Principles of Roman Law
1.
2.
3.
4.
All citizens had the right to equal treatment
Innocent until proven guilty
Burden of proof rested with the accuser
All laws should be based on reason.
All of these principles are seen in
The U.S. Constitution and
The Bill of Rights
Written Legal Code
• Code of Justinian
• “a government of
laws, not of men”
• Even rulers are held
accountable for
their actions
Legacy of
Rome
1. Republic
2. An individual is a
citizen in a state and
not the subject of a
ruler
3. Written legal code
applied equally to all
citizens
Prologue, Section 1 Legacy of Ancient Greece and Romecopy questions, answer in complete sentences
From Kingdom to Republic
1.
Define republic
2.
Which type of democracy is a republic?
3.
What is a patrician? What is a plebian?
Twelve Tables
4.
What was the significance of the Twelve Tables?
Republican Government
5.
Who made up the legislative branch?
Roman Law
6.
List the 4 important principles of Roman Law
A Written Legal Code
7.
How did Emperor Justinian contribute to Roman Law?
8.
Explain the meaning of “a government of laws, not men.”
Legacy
9.
Make a list of Rome’s contributions to democracy.
10. Answer in a paragraph – What are the positives and
negatives of a democracy?
Prologue – Section 1 quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
A system for controlling society
“rule of the people”
Which type of government was the Greek city-state of Athens?
Athenian leader who created a Council of 400 and allowed all free adult male citizens to
participate in government
“love of wisdom”
The name of Plato’s book which stated that philosopher-kings should rule
In the book Politics, Aristotle said this part of society should rule
The first society to develop the 3 branches of government
A king can turn into a ________ if he abuses his authority
Form of government in which citizens elect representatives
The birthplace of indirect democracy
Term for the common people of ancient Rome who were originally denied from holding
many government positions
Written law code publicly displayed in ancient Rome that established the idea that all
free citizens had the right to protection of the laws
Roman emperor who created a code of laws which established the idea of ‘a government
of laws, not of men”
According to Aristotle, an aristocracy turns into a ___________ when it rules for the
benefit of the rich
Prologue- Section 1 quiz
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
Democracy
Republic
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Direct democracy
government
Pericles
Solon
Cleisthenes
Upper class
Middle class
Lower class
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
Plato
Aristotle
Philosophy
Reason
Greece
Rome
Senate
Patricians
Plebeians
Tyrant
Twelve Tables
X. NONE OF THE ABOVE
How did the Renaissance contribute to the
development of individual rights?
Renaissance( #1-4)
1. Definition
2. Where did it begin?
3. When did it begin?
4. Inspired by ?
5. Where did the people of the Renaissance direct their
energy?
6. The new emphasis on individual opportunity led to
an increase interest in what?
7. What is the relationship between the Renaissance and
the development of democracy?
How did the Protestant Reformation advance the
cause of individual rights?
1. Define Reformation
2. Why did religious reformers begin to challenge
the Church?
3. How did the invention of the printing press
contribute to the Reformation?
4. How did the Reformation increase the power of
the individual?
5. Which ideas contributed to the development of
modern individualism?
6. How did the Reformation contribute to the
development of democracy?
Unit 1 Review questions
• Directions: Copy questions and answer in complete
sentences. Each answer should be a paragraph with an
introductory sentence, a body, and a conclusion.
1. What are the 3 branches of the U.S. government and what
are their responsibilities?
2. Who did Aristotle say should rule? Why?
3. How did the ancient Greeks contribute to the
development of democracy?
4. How did the ancient Romans contribute to the
development of democracy?
5. How did each of the 3 monotheistic religions contribute
to the development of democracy?
6. Why was the Magna Carta important to democracy?
7. Define Renaissance and Reformation. Why were each of
these events important to democracy?