Los Mandatos
Spanish III
Mrs. Pacheco
What does these words have in common?
Stop!
Sit down!
Please open the window.
Please wash the dishes.
Go to the party.
Pet the puppy.
Do not eat the cookies!
Don't take the car out
tonight!
← (command)
← (command)
← (request)
← (request)
← (grant permission)
← (grant permission)
← (deny permission)
← (deny permission)
Commands
Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do
something. This is often referred to as the "imperative mood"
form of the verb.
By now, you are well acquainted with the fact that Spanish has
both a formal and an informal style of speech (Tú / Usted). This
distinction applies to commands.
Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers,
relatives, or when addressing a child. Formal speech is
generally used to be polite or to express respect. For that
reason, the formal commands are often referred to as polite
commands.
Los Mandatos
vs.
Informal Commands
(affirmative)
Take the tú form and drop the s .
OR
Just use the él / ella / ud form if that’s
easier to remember!
preparar --> ¡Prepara!
¡Barre!
barrer-->
¡Sirve!
servir-->
Informal Commands
(Negative)
To make a negative tú command, start
with the yo form of the verb, drop the o,
and add the opposite tú ending.
-ar--> es
-er/-ir--> as
preparar--> ¡No prepares!
¡No barras!
barrer-->
¡No sirvas!
servir-->
Opposite endings
Verbs that end in -ar won’t take the -as
ending, but instead will take -es .
Verbs that end in -er or -ir won’t take the
-es ending, but instead will take -as .
Práctica
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
cantar (+)
¡Canta!
6. escribir (-)
¡No escribas!
7. comer (+)
¡Come!
mirar (+) ¡Mira!
beber (-) ¡No bebas!
8. salir (-) ¡No salgas!
escuchar (+) ¡Escucha!
9. hacer (-) ¡No hagas!
hablar (-) ¡No hables!
10. perder (-) ¡No pierdas!
-car, -gar, -zar verbs
When we make negative commands from
a verb that ends in -car, -gar, or -zar, we
make some spelling changes to keep
the original sound.
-car
For verbs that end in -car, the c changes
to qu , then we add the opposite ending,
which will ALWAYS be -es since these
are -ar verbs!
-gar
For verbs that end in -gar, the g changes
to -gu .
-zar
For verbs that end in -zar, the z changes
to a c .
Remember these rules only apply to
negative commands
Cómo se hace…
•
•
•
•
Buscar:
¡No busques!
Pagar:
¡No pagues!
Cruzar:
¡No cruces!
Empezar:
¡No empieces!
Irregulars
Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is irregular, that
irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal
command.
– Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo) Have a good trip.
– Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo) Bring the money.
– Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo) Come with me.
This also applies to stem-changing verbs.
– Cuente Ud. sus beneficios. (yo cuento) Count your blessings.
– Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo) Return quickly.
– Pida dinero. (yo pido) Ask for money.
Irregular Affirmative + Commands
“Vin Diesel has 10 weapons.”
Venir
Decir
Salir
Hacer
Tener
Ir
Poner
¡Ven! = Come!
¡Di! = Say! Tell!
¡Sal! = Go out! Leave!
¡Haz! = Do! Make!
¡Ten! = Have!
¡Ve! = Go!
¡Pon! = Put!
TWO Negative Irregulars
Ir
ser
¡No vayas
Don’t go!
¡No seas!
Don’t be!
Cómo se hace…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Poner
Tener
Venir
Salir
Hacer
Decir
¡No pongas!
Don’t put!
¡No tengas! Don’t have!
¡No vengas! Don’t come!
¡No salgas!
Don’t go out! Don’t leave!
¡No hagas!
Don’t do! Don’t make!
¡No digas!
Don’t say! Don’t tell!
¡A Practicar!
A. Choose the correct answer, in order to create a command in the "tú" form.
1. Put the gun here.
_________ la pistola acá.
2. Don't put the gun there.
No la _________ pistola allá.
3. Tell the truth.
_________ la verdad.
4. Don't tell lies.
No _________ mentiras.
5. Come here.
_________ acá.
Common Expressions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Be careful!
Come here!
Tell me the truth!
Don’t go!
Don’t tell me! You
don’t say!
6. Don’t be afraid!
7. Put on the hat!
8. Don’t be like that!
→¡Ten cuidado!
→¡Ven aca!/¡Ven aquí!
→¡Dime la verdad!
→¡No te vayas!
→¡No me digas!
→¡No temas!
→¡Ponte la gorra!
→¡No seas así!
Common Expressions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Be patient!
Come with me!
Do me a favor!
Make the table!
Put your shoes on!
Be organized!
→¡Ten paciencia!
→¡Ven conmigo!
→¡Hazme un favor!
→¡Pon la mesa!
→¡Ponte los zapatos!
→¡Sea organizado(a)!
Common Expressions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Don’t go!
Don’t worry!
Vete!
Sal!
Se simpático!
Be quiet!/Shut-up!
→¡No te vayas!
→¡No te preocupes!
→¡Go!
→¡Get out!/¡Move!
→Be nice!
→Calláte!
¡A Practicar!
Choose the correct answer, in order to create a command in the "tú" form.
1. Speak more slowly. (hablar)
_______________ más lentamente.
2. Don't speak so quickly.
No _______________ tan rápido.
3. Write a letter to your mother. (escribir)
_______________ una carta a tu mamá.
4. Don't write on the wall.
No _______________ en la pared.
5. Johnny, sing. (cantar)
Juanito, _______________ .
Reflexive Verbs & Commands with
DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS
With the affirmative command all we did
ATTACH
was ____________
the object
pronoun to the affirmative command.
(Notice we added an accent mark to
keep the stress in the original place.)
Quick Span. II Review
How to use Double Objects to create
reflexives verbs?
I.O.P.
D.O.P.
Overview: Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect objects tell “to whom” or
“for whom” something is done
(or who is receiving). Just like
direct object pronouns replace
direct objects, indirect object
pronouns are the replacements
for indirect objects, which are
always personal nouns.
INDIRECT OBJECT INCLUDES
"TO/FOR" SINCE THEY
ALWAYS INDICATE WHERE
THE OBJECT IS GOING.
Point of
view
Singular
Plural
1st
person
me (to/for
me)
nos (to/for
us)
2nd
person
os (to/for
te (to/for you
you
informal)
informal)
3rd
person
Le/SE (to/for
you formal,
him, her, it)
Les/SE
(to/for
them, you
formal)
Identifying a Direct Object Pronoun (DOP)
A direct object is a thing or person that
answers what or whom, respectively, in the
following equation:
SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM)
DIRECT OBJECT
Yo
como
los tamales
The direct object pronouns in
Spanish are as follows:
These are used
exclusively
me
for people
te
These are used
lo, la
for people
and things
(lo, la)
nos
os
los, las
(los, las)
Cómo se hace…
Reflexivo
Lávate (Wash yourself!)
Lavarse (tú) _________________
Sécate (Dry yourself!)
Secarse (tú)_______________
Cómo se hace…
con objeto
¡Véndela! Sell it!
Vender la casa _________________
¡Préstalo! Loan it!
Prestar el dinero ________________
¡Escúchanos! Listen to us!
Escuchar a nosotros _____________
¡Dame! Give me!
Dar a mi _______________________
Negative Commands
The difference with the negative
commands is that the object pronoun
will be placed _______________
the
BEFORE
verb.
RECUEDA..USE “TE” because
they are informal Tú Commands
te levantes! (Don’t get yourself up!)
• No levantarse:¡No
__________________
te seques! (Don’t dry yourself!)
• No secarse:¡No
____________________
te comas! (Don’t gobble down!)
• No comerse: ¡No
____________________
Cómo se hace…
• No comprar el carro
¡No lo compres! (Don’t buy it!)
_________________________________
• No apagar la lámpara
¡No la apagues! (Don’t turn it off!)
_________________________________
¡A Practicar!
Use the information in parenthesis to translate the following sentences. Do
not include the subject pronoun in your answer. (The subject pronoun is
underlined in parenthesis.)
1. Buy it. (comprar / tú / el libro)
2. Open them. (abrir / tú / las
ventanas)
3. Don't open them. (abrir / tú / los
libros)
4. Bring it to me. (traer / tú / la
comida)
5. Bring it to her. (traer / tú / el
coche)
6. Don't bring them to him. (traer /
tú / las plumas)
7. Open them. (abrir / tú / las
ventanas)
8. Don't open them. (abrir / tú / las
cartas)
9. Tell it to me. (decir / tú / el
secreto)
10. Give it to me. (dar / tú / la
pluma)
Los Mandatos Formales
Regular Formal commands
(affirmative AND negative)
1. Start with the yo form of the verb
2. Drop the O.
3. Then put on the opposite personal ending.
(Ud./Uds./Nosotros)
Formal Commands (+/-)
Ud.
Nosotros
Uds.
-ar verbs
hablE
-er/-ir verbs
corrA
hablEMOS
corrAMOS
hablEN
corrAN
-car, -gar, -zar verbs
Verbs that end in –car will have a spelling
change in which the C changes to QU
Verbs that end in –gar will have a spelling
change in which the G changes to GU
Verbs that end in –zar will have a spelling
change in which the Z changes to C
“IR” Stem-changers
(O-U Burrito Verbs)
DORMIR
MORIR
Ud. (no) duerma
Ud (no) muera
Uds. (no) duerman
Uds (no) mueran
Nosotros (no) durmamos Nosotros (no) muramos
Irregulares
Ir Ud.VAYA Uds.VAYAN Nosotros VAMOS
NO VAYAMOS!
SerUd. SEAUds.SEAN Nostros SEAMOS
SaberUd. SEPA Uds.SEPAN NosotrosSEPAMOS
EstarUd. ESTÉ
Uds.ESTÉN NosotrosESTEMOS
Dar Ud. DÉ Uds.DEN Nosotros DEMOS
Reflexive Verbs & Commands with
DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS
With the affirmative command all we did
ATTACH
was ____________
the object
pronoun to the affirmative command.
(Notice we added an accent mark to
keep the stress in the original place.)
A PRACTICAR
Lávese (Wash yourself!)
lavarse (Ud.) _________________
Séquense (Dry yourselves!)
secarse (Uds.)_______________
Negative Reflexive Commands
The difference with the negative
commands is that the object pronoun
will be placed _______________
the
BEFORE
verb.
RECUEDA..USE “Se” because they
are formal Ud. & Uds. Commands
¡No se lave! (Don’t wash yourself!)
21. No lavarse __________________
(Ud.)
¡No se sequen! (Don’t dry yourselves!)
22. No secarse ____________________
(Uds.)
¡No se coman! (Don’t gobble down!)
23. No comerse ____________________
(Uds.)
¡A Practicar!
A. Write the imperative form (formal command) for the given verb and
pronoun.
1. Buy the book. (comprar)
______________ usted el libro.
2. Bring the food. (traer)
______________ ustedes la comida.
3. Don't cry so much. (llorar)
No ______________ usted tanto.
4. Don't smoke here, please. (fumar)
No ______________ ustedes aquí, por favor.
5. Read the book. (leer)
______________ usted el libro.
Nosotros Commands
Nosotros commands are used when the
speaker is included, and are used to
express the idea "let's + verb." To form
these commands, use the nosotros form
of the present subjunctive.
– Comamos allí.
Let's eat there.
– Contemos el dinero.
Let's count the money.
Negative Nosotros Command
To form the negative command, place the word no before the same
verb form (present subjunctive).
• No comamos allí.
Let's not eat there.
• No contemos el dinero.
Let's not count the money.
The only exception is the verb ir(se), which uses the present
indicative for the affirmative command only.
– Vamos ahora.
Let's go now.
– No vayamos a la tienda.
Let's not go to the store.
Reflexive Verbs - Nosotros
Regla: When attaching the pronoun to
nosotros formal commands, remove the
“s” from the “amos”/”emos”
LAVARSE
Lavémosnos  Lavémonos  No nos lavemos
A practicar – Affirmative Nosotros
• Quitarse los zapatos
• Ponerse las sandalias
• Despertarse temprano
• Quitémonos los zapatos.
• Pongámonos las sandalias.
• Despertémonos temprano.
Nosotros Commands • No acostarse tarde!
• No ponerse un suetér!
• No bañarse!
• No nos acostemos tarde!
• No nos pongamos un suetér!
• No nos bañemos!
Indirect Commands
When the command is given
through a third party, indirect
commands are used (add “no”
before to make it negative).
The form is:
"que + present subjunctive.”
Que (no) entre María.
(Don’t) Let María come in.
Que vengan a las cuatro.
Have them come at four
o'clock.
Indirect commands are
also used to convey a
hope or a wish.
Que lo hagas tú.
(I want) You (to) do it.
Que vivas para
siempre.
May you live forever.
¡Practíquen!
1.May you (tú) feel better soon. (sentirse)
___________ te sientas mejor pronto.
2. May the boys feel better soon. (sentirse)
Que se ___________ los chicos mejor pronto.
3. Let Juan come in first. (entrar)
___________ entre Juan primero.
4. Don't let Juan come in first. (entrar)
Que no ___________ Juan primero.
5. Have Pablo put on the clean shirt. (ponerse)
___________ se ponga Pablo la camisa limpia.
Summary
~Regular~
Projecto (Video Project)
Create a scene in which one character is
giving instructions to another. You are
expected to demonstrate good use of
vocabulary related words and both affirmative
and negative commands. *Remember
commands are often used in live or present
events/situations.
•
Students, you’re to do the following in
your projects:
• use at least 10 vocabulary words
• use at least 8 commands (3 of these
were to be negative)
• express yourself with emotion (if
necessary)
• Turn in a written copy of the
dialogue with the vocabulary and
commands underlined.
• All group members must speak.
Topics (Role Playing):
1.Giving health advice to
another person.
2.Giving cooking instructions for
a recipe.
3.Giving directions of how to
build, create, do something.
(e.g. origami)
4.Giving a friend directions on
how to get to the mall.
5.Etc.