Introduction to
Persuasive Speaking
Part 1:
Communication,
Speech Types & Purposes
John E. Clayton
Nanjing University, Spring, 2005
John Clayton
• BS – Business, Brigham Young University
MBA – Utah State University
• Joined IBM 1970
Retired 2003
• Currently teaching English Writing &
Public Speaking at Nanjing University
• Married 36 years
8 children
17 grandchildren
My Family
I Was Once Skinny
Class Policy
• Your attendance at every class is expected.
• If you miss a class, you must make-up the
work missed.
• Class starts on the hour – be on time.
• 10 minute break between hours
• There is a 10 RMB materials fee for the class.
Class “Add” Policy
• Because of the nature of this speech class,
only 30 students may participate and receive
credit.
• Additional students may audit the class, but
they will not participate, and will not receive
credit.
• Audit students should try to sit toward the
back of the classroom.
Syllabus
02/28
03/07
03/14
03/21
03/28
04/04
04/11
04/18
04/25
05/02
05/09
05/16
05/23
05/30
06/06
06/13
06/20
Orientation; Photos; Communication; Speaking types & purposes
Persuasion and reasoning; Peer Criticism
Speech 1
Review of speech 1; Audience analysis
Speech writing process;
Speech components & outline; Monroe sequence
Speech 2
Review of speech 2; Overcoming fear;
Selecting topic and thesis
HOLIDAY – NO CLASS
Researching & supporting material
Speech 3
Review of speech 3; Speech delivery tips
Using visual aids
Clean-up – final review and preparation for speech 4
Speech 4
Speech contest prep; Final exam; Evening – speech contest
Objective – to Change & Improve
Types of Communication
Mass Communication
Small Group
Conversation
Public Speaking
A speaker
delivers a message
with a specific purpose
to an audience who are present.
Basic Elements of Communication
Message
Speaker
NOISE
Feedback
Listeners
Basic Elements of Communication
Speaker - You
Listeners – Your audience
Message – The point you are trying to make
Noise – Barriers to communication
Feedback – Information back to the speaker
Feedback
Information from the audience
• Is my message being received as planned?
• Do I need to change anything?
Verbal clues – comments from the audience.
Non-verbal clues - gestures, facial expressions,
body movements, sounds.
Noise
Barriers to Communication
•Physical distractions
noise, poor lighting, uncomfortable seating, unpleasant
smells, interruptions, restricted time, etc.
•Emotional distractions
Pressures (work, health, money, etc.), mood, enforced
attendance, fear, shyness, aggression, resistance to
learning, too old to learn, status differences, etc.
• Language and cultural differences
vocabulary, unusual words, gestures, etc.
Purposes of Public Speaking
Goal: express opinions and viewpoints in
an orderly, civil way, regardless whether or
not the audience shares your viewpoint.
Inform - training, new issues, etc.
 Persuade - convince, motivate
Entertain - club, wedding, etc.
Types of Presentations
• Impromptu
spontaneous, spur of the moment
• Extemporaneous
some preparation; not memorized or
written
• Manuscript
speech read from a manuscript
• Memorized
speech presented entirely from memory
Speech Grading
Content (6 points)
Topic related to the assignment?
Are facts accurate?
Main points supported by evidence? Anything important missing?
Organization (7 points)
Clear introduction?
Purpose communicated in introduction?
Clear conclusion?
Conclusion reiterate main idea?
Main points clearly articulated? Is the order logical?
Delivery (7 points)
Eye contact with audience?
Loud enough?
Distracting mannerisms avoided?
Appropriate gestures?
Prepared enough not to need notes?
Visual aids appropriate?
Key Points to Remember
Five Factors in Communication
Speaker, Listener, Message, Noise, Feedback
Why Use Public Speaking?
Orderly way to express opinions & viewpoints
Three Key Uses
Inform, Persuade, Entertain
Speech Types
Impromptu, Extemporaneous,
Manuscript, Memorized
Homework
Begin preparing your first speech
• To be presented March 14th
• 3 minutes
• Written out
• Topic: “Why you should visit
my hometown”
Begin Now
Begin homework
assignment
NOW,
while I take
your picture