GENERAL
Chemistry
Ch. 9 “IUPAC”
Inorganic Nomenclature
Binary Ionic Compounds
Mg+2 magnesium and F- fluorine
F- fluorine Þ fluor & ide Þ fluoride
magnesium fluoride MgF2
Na+ sodium and O2- oxygen
O2- oxygen Þ ox & ide Þ oxide
sodium oxide Na2O
CAVEATS with IONICS…
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Binary Ionic Compounds with Multiple Valences
Compound
IUPAC NAME
Common Name
FeF2
Ferrous Fluoride
FeF3
Ferric Fluoride
Mercury(I)Bromide Mercurous Bromide
Mercury(II)Bromide Mercuric Bromide
Binary Ionic Compounds with
Multiple Valences
Compound
Stock Method
Common Name
FeF2
Iron (II) Fluoride
Ferrous Fluoride
FeF3
Iron (III)Fluoride
Ferric Fluoride
HgBr
Mercury(I)Bromide Mercurous Bromide
HgBr2
Mercury(II)Bromide Mercuric Bromide
NAME THESE
Sr3O2
PbCl4
PbO2
PROVIDE FORMULAS
Potassium Nitride
Aluminum fluoride
Vanaduim (III) chloride
Tests for Iron (II) and Iron (III) Ions
Introduction:
Some transition metals can form cations with more than one
charge. Iron is an example of such a metal. It forms the
ferrous, or iron (II), ions which have a +2 charge. It also
forms the ferric, or iron(III), ions which have a +3 charge. In
this lab you will learn how to test a compound to determine
whether it contains iron (II) or iron (III). These tests will be
useful if you need to identify and write the formula for an
iron-containing compound.
For the known samples of iron (II) and iron (III) you will use
aqueous iron (II) ammonium sulfate and aqueous iron (III)
chloride(FeCl3). You will test each of the knowns with the aqueous
reagents KSCN, potassium thiocyanate, K4Fe(CN)6, potassium
ferrocyanide, and K3Fe(CN)6, potassium ferricyanide. The
combination of ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous(Fe2+) ions produces a
characteristic deep blue precipitate. The reagent K4Fe(CN)6
contains the ferrous ion. The reagent K3Fe(CN)6 contains the ferric
ion. Therefore, mixing K3Fe(CN)6 with iron (II) ammonium sulfate
should produce the blue color. Mixing K4Fe(CN)6 with iron (III)
chloride should also produce the blue color. Combine an unknown
with aqueous KSCN to confirm the presence of iron (III)
ions. Iron(III) reacts with the thiocyanate ion (SCN-) to produce
the bright red FeSCN2+ ion.
The deep blue precipitate produced in this lab is
KFeFe(CN)6.H2O. This complex is found in numerous
products. It is the pigment in Prussian blue oil paint. It is the
“blue” in blueprint paper. It is used in inks, carbon paper and
as the main ingredient in certain brands of laundry bluing,
used to brighten white clothes.
Materials:
spot plate (cleaned and rinsed with distilled H2O)
0.1 M FeCl3
0.1 M iron (II) ammonium sulfate, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2
0.1 M K4Fe(CN)6
0.1 M K3Fe(CN)6
0.2 M KSCN
Procedure:
01. Construct a data table in which to record color changes.
02. Place 5 drops of FeCl3 in each of 3 spot plate wells.
03. Add 1 drop of KSCN to the first well.
Record observations in data table.
04. Add 1 drop of K3Fe(CN)6 to the second well.
Record observations.
05. Add 1 drop of K4Fe(CN)6 to the third well.
Record observations.
06. Place 5 drops of iron (II) ammonium sulfate in three
different spot plate wells.
07. Repeat steps 3-5 for the iron (II).
08. Rinse contents of spot plate down drain. Wash spot plate
with soap and water to remove all color.
Ternary Ionic Compounds
Formula
Ions
Name
Ca(NO3)2
Ca+2 and NO31-
Calcium Nitrate
Ca(NO2)2
Ca+2 and NO21-
Calcium Nitrite
The system does not change with
multiple valence cations!
Fe(NO3)2
Fe2+ and NO31-
Iron (II) Nitrate
or Ferrous Nitrate
TRY A FEW
MgCO3
NaClO3
Al2(Cr2O7)3
CuCr2O7
PRACTICE TIP
Formulas with more than two symbols…
Skip the first symbol, and place a
parenthesis around the rest!
Na(C2H3O2 )
THUS FAR…
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The Polyatomic Anions
ION
Name
NO31NO21-
Nitrate
Nitrite
SO32SO42-
Sulfite
Sulfate
HSO41- Hydrogen Sulfate
ION
Name
ClO41- Perchlorate
ClO31Chlorate
ClO21Chlorite
ClO1- Hypochlorite
(or Bisulfate)
(Still SO4-2…
but reduced by H+1)
You’ll have to “LOOK THESE UP” until they become more familiar.
Don’t memorize… familiarize… decode systems & recognize patterns!!!
Some Polyatomic Anions
You Just Can’t Find...
SeO4
-2
IO3
-
IO
Let the TABLE be your guide !!!
SO4-2 = sulfate… SeO4-2 = selenate
ClO3- = chlorate… IO3- = iodate
ClO- = hypochlorite… IO- = hypoiodite
ARE YOU WITH ME?… Which polyatomic anions are necessary for agriculture
and plant reproduction?
GeO3-2 germinate and pollinate PoO4-2
Ionic Compound ISSUES
NOTE: the -ide ending for an anion name is
reserved for “mono-element” anions with a
few extremely important exceptions.
OH- = hydroxide
CN- = cyanide
O22- = peroxide
COMPOUND EXAMPLE: NH4OH
ASSIGNMENT:
page 266 #14-19
ACID NOMENCLATURE
How do you know a formula is that of an ACID?
Starts with “H”
What 2 types of ACID formulas will we name?
BINARY: HCl, H2S, H3N…
TERTIARY: HClO3, H2SO4, HNO3…
ACID NOMENCLATURE
Binary Acids… “Hydro” _________ic Acid
HCl
H2S
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrosulfuric Acid
“-ate groups” form
Ternary Acids… Oxyacids…
“-ic acids”
Longer Formula… Shorter Name “-ite groups form ous acids”
Formula
Source
Name
HNO3
from nitrate
Nitric acid
HNO2
from nitrite
Nitrous acid
FIND “IUPAC” NAMES:
HBr
HI
HIO3
HIO2
H2SO4
WRITE FORMULAS:
hydrosulfuric acid
hydrofluoric acid
bromic acid
bromous acid
hypobromous acid
ASSIGNMENT:
page 273 #26-33
LET ME SEE
page 273 #26-33
MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
Formula
Systematic Name
Common Name
NO
Nitrogen Monoxide
Nitric Oxide
N2O
Dinitrogen Monoxide Nitrous Oxide
NO2
Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Peroxide
N2O5 Dinitrogen Pentoxide Nitric Anhydride
N2O3 Dinitrogen Trioxide Nitrous Anhydride
ASSIGNMENT:
page 270 #20-25
ASSIGNMENT:
RESEARCH AN INORGANIC COMPOUND
CREATE A 3 SLIDE PRESENTATION
Feature its:
formula, IUPAC name, common
name, uses, value, availability
(how/where it is obtained),
any hazardous and/or legal issues, etc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_inorganic_compounds
ON-LINE
PRACTICE:
http://www.funtrivia.com/triviaquiz/SciTech/InorganicNomenclature-115018.html
http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz
/quiz115018d2cfb8.html
PRACTICE… Provide
IUPAC NAMES
Common Name
Chemical Formula
a. Sugar of lead
Pb(C2H3O2)2
b. Blue vitrol
CuSO4
c. Epsom salts
MgSO4
d. Milk of magnesia
Mg(OH)2
e. Gypsum
CaSO4
f. Laughing Gas
N2O