Bell Work • Please create this in your notebook • You DO NOT need to write down complete sentences Objectives: • Students will create a Cold War graphic organizer in their classroom notebooks during the lesson that lists the origins of the postwar tensions that led to social change in the U.S. and a heightened focus on foreign policy. • This notebook/graphic organizer will be used to study for the end of unit assessment test. Origins of the Cold War How can a war be ‘cold’? What were the Hotspots of the Cold War? Vocabulary Words • As we see words that we do not understand, we will look them up in our dictionaries • One person will be called on to grab a piece of paper and write down the word along with the definition • Tape the word and it’s definition up on the word wall quietly as I continue the lesson – You will receive credit for doing so Cold War? • The tension and rivalry between the USA and the USSR was described as the Cold War (1945-1991). • There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1991, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots). Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to either stop the spread of communism (USA) or help the spread (USSR). • What do you think should be in the middle oval? VOCABULARY WORDS? • Who has a vocabulary word for our word wall? Someone look up: Capitalism someone else look up Communism Cold War? • 1: a conflict over ideological differences carried on by methods short of sustained overt military action and usually without breaking off diplomatic relations; • 2: the ideological conflict between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the second half of the 20th century — compare hot war After WWII • The Cold War began and caused tension throughout the world • The USA and the USSR were the two world Superpowers. • The USA was a capitalist society with a democracy. • The USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship. • Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world. What is the big deal? Development of the Cold War • The Cold War (1945-91) was one of perception where neither side fully understood the intentions and ambitions of the other. This led to mistrust and military build-ups. • United States – U.S. thought that Soviet expansion would continue and spread throughout the world. – They saw the Soviet Union as a threat to their way of life; especially after the Soviet Union gained control of Eastern Europe. Development of the Cold War • Soviet Union – They felt that they had won World War II. They had sacrificed the most and deserved the “spoils of war.” They had lost land after WWI because they left the winning side; now they wanted to gain land because they had won. – They wanted to economically raid Eastern Europe to recoup their expenses during the war. – They saw the U.S. as a threat to their way of life; especially after the U.S. development of atomic weapons. After World War 2, the world changed! • Many countries became communist after World War 2 including: - Czechoslovakia (1948) - Poland (1947) - Hungary (1947) - China (1949) - Cuba (1959) - North Korea (1945) Cold War Mobilization by the U.S. • Alarmed United States citizens viewed the Soviet occupation of eastern European countries as part of a communist expansion, which threatened to extend to the rest of the world. • In 1946, Winston Churchill gave a speech at Fulton College in Missouri in which he proclaimed that an “Iron Curtain” had fallen across Europe. What is one thing that caused tension in the U.S. and heightened a focus on foreign relations? Nuclear tensions Global Nuclear Confrontation • The Soviet army had at its command over 260 divisions. • The United States, in contrast, had reduced its forces by 1947 to little more than a single division. • For the next quarter century, the U.S. and the USSR would engage in a nuclear arms race that constantly increased the destructive capability of both sides. The Cold War Heats Up: Problems of the Atomic Age • The most frightening aspect of the Cold War was the constant threat of nuclear war. – Russia detonated its first atom bomb in 1949. – Truman ordered construction of the hydrogen bomb. • Call for buildup of conventional forces to provide alternative to nuclear war. The domino effect • The USSR had a lot of influence over many of the new communist countries (especially those in Europe). • The U.S. was very worried that the USSR’s influence over these countries was making the USSR and communism more powerful. • The USA did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect (one country becomes communist, then another, then another etc) President Truman’s doctrine that stood up to communist intimidation The ‘Truman Doctrine’ • Truman had been horrified at the pre-war Allied policy of appeasement and was determined to stand up to any Soviet intimidation. The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”. • Triggered by British inability to hold the line in Greece, it was followed by aid to Greece and Turkey, and also money to help capitalists to stop communists in Italy and France. It signalled the end of “isolationst” policies. What was the United States plan to combat the spread of communism? Marshall Plan • Reasons for its creation: – Europe entering another postwar depression (unemployment and social unrest) • Protect against the spread of Communism – Protect democratic/capitalist trading partners so that the US itself would not fall into a depression – The United States was the only country able to financially aid Western Europe What were the origins of the Cold War? Word Wall Review • What words did we get? • Do we need to do some more? • Lets put the definitions in our own words END OF ORIGINS GRAPHIC ORGANIZER SECTION • Continue with the next slides as a preview of the “hot spots” in the Cold War HOT SPOTS • There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1991, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots). • Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to either stop the spread of communism (USA) or help the spread (USSR). North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Luxemburg Belgium Netherlands Britain Norway Canada Portugal Denmark 1952: Greece & Turkey France Iceland Italy 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain Warsaw Pact (1955) } U. S. S. R. } East Germany } Albania } Hungary } Bulgaria } Poland } Czechoslovakia } Rumania Dividing Germany • U.S., Britain, and France merged their zones in 1948 to create an independent West German state. • The Soviets responded by blockading land access to Berlin. The U.S. began a massive airlift of supplies that lasted almost a year. (7,000 tons a day) In May 1949 Stalin lifted the blockade, conceding that he could not prevent the creation of West Germany. • Thus, the creation of East and West Germany The Korean War 1950-1953 The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 The Vietnam War 1963-1975 The Berlin Wall Basic Facts about the Berlin Wall Total border length around West Berlin: 96 mi Border between East and West Berlin: 27 mi Border between West Berlin and East Germany: 69 mi Border through residential areas in Berlin: 23 mi Concrete segment wall: 3.6m (11.81 ft.) high, 66 mi / Wire mesh fencing: 41 mi Anti-vehicle trenches: 65 mi Contact or signal fence: 79 mi Column track: 6-7 m (7.33 yd) wide, 77 mi Number of watch towers: 302 Number of bunkers: 20 Persons killed on the Berlin Wall: 192 Persons injured by shooting: ca. 200 But Why? 1. Economics. Too many well-educated people moved from East Germany, and some worked in West Berlin and lived in East Berlin (it's cheaper there), so DDR lost money on this. 2. Political. The West side interfered with the East side (the Russian sector). MOVIE TIME • Night Crossing