Warm-up 9/2- What are two
conclusions you can make based on
the map below?
Intro and The Five Themes of
Geography
Geography
• The study of distribution and interaction of
physical and human features on the earth
Geographers use a variety of tools:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maps
Photographs
Charts
Graphs and Tables
Scale Models
5 Themes
Geographer’s Tools
• A globe- 3 dimensional representation of the
earth
• A map- 2 dimensional
representation of the earth
Geographer’s Tools
• Cartographer- a person who makes maps
Geographer’s Tools
• Surveyors use equipment such as GPS- Global
Positioning System
• Landsat- a series of satellites orbiting more
than 100 miles above the Earth
– Used for mapping and other information gathering
Geographer’s Tools
• GIS- Global information system- a digital
database that stores information
– This information can be combined to visualize the
use of space in different ways
Map Projection
• Map projection- reduces the distortion caused
by showing the curved surface of the earth on
a flat surface
• There are 3 types of cylindrical projections:
1. Mercator Projection
2. Homolosine Projection
3. Robinson Projection
Mercator Projection
Homolosine Projection
Robinson Projection
Three types of maps
• General reference
• Thematic
• Navigation
General Reference
• Natural and man-made features
• Physical (topographical)
• Political
Thematic Maps
Navigation Maps
• Used by pilots and sailors
Five Themes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Place
Location
Region
Movement
Human-Environment Interaction
• Place: What is it like?
• Location: Where is it?
– Absolute vs. relative location
– Absolute location- the exact place on earth where
something is located.
– Relative location- Describes a place in comparison
to other places around it.
Latitude and Longitude
Warm-up 9/3- Answer the questions
on your warm-up paper based on the
image below.
Warm-up 9/3
1. What landmark is this?
1. Golden Gate Bridge
2. Where is it located?
1. San Francisco, California
3. Which culture created it?
1. American
4. Why/when was this landmark created?
1. 1933- it was built to connect San Francisco to Marin
County, the bridge created a more practical and
accessible route.
5. What defining characteristics stand out to you?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Use a world map to determine the
hemisphere in which each place is
located. Write North or South.
United States
Papua New Guinea
Rio de Janeiro
Russia
Mediterranean Sea
Madagascar
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Use a world map to determine the
hemisphere in which each place is
located. Write East or West.
Mongolia
Marianas Islands
Puerto Rico
Iraq
Chile
Australia
Activity: Absolute vs. Relative Location
(yellow paper)
Region: How are places similar or
different?
• Three types of regions– Formal- defined by climate, vegetation, culture,
continental area, land use, etc
– Formal regions have a limited number of related
characteristics
Region
• Three types of regions– Functional- defined by interactions and
connections between places
– Perceptual- defined by what people perceive or
“see” as characteristic of the region
Movement
• How do people, goods, ideas migrate from
one location to another?
Human-Environment Interaction
• How do people relate to the physical world?
– Animals
– Houses
– Clothes
– Crops
– Food
– Jobs
– Transportation
Homework
• Chapter 3, section 1. Questions 1-4 at the end
of the section.
Warm-up 9/4-List ways in which
people in our area interact with the
physical world
• How do we change the world to fit our needs?
• How do we adapt to fit the environment?
• How does the environment affect our jobs or
activities?
Warm-up 9/5
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DD_8Jm5
pTLk&list=PLBc1tAzWvLO1QDHwMnbY7LK9pe
AP7Xfbe
• As you watch the clip write down 7 things you
see/hear.
Earth-Sun Relationships
Earth’s position in the solar system
Earth’s Tilt
• Tilt: the angle of incline of
the Earth’s axis affects the
temperature of a place.
• Revolution: the Earth’s
trip around the sun (one
year)
• Rotation: the Earth
completely rotates on its
axis every 24 hours.
(alternating between
night and day)
Earth’s Tilt
• Direct rays: When a
hemisphere is tilted toward
the sun, the direct rays of
the sun or angle of
incidence is higher and it is
summer in that
hemisphere.
• Indirect rays: When a
hemisphere is tilted away
from the sun, the direct rays
of the sun or angle of
incidence is lower and it is
winter in that hemisphere.
5 Major Circles of Latitude
Earth’s Tilt
• Equinox: when the Sun’s
rays fall directly on the
equator, day and night
time hours are almost
equal (Spring and Fall)
• Solstice: One of two days
(June 21 and December
22) on which the Sun’s
rays strike directly on the
Tropic of Cancer or the
Tropic of Capricorn,
marking the beginning of
summer and winter.
Weather vs. Climate
• Weather
– Conditions of the
atmosphere in one place
during a limited time.
• Climate
– Weather patterns that
an area typically
experiences over a long
period of time.