What is a collocation?
A collocation is made up of two or more words that are commonly used together in English. Thnk of collocations as words that
usually go together. There are different kinds of collocations in English. Strong collocations are word pairings that are expected to
come together. Good collocation examples of this type of word pairing are combinations with 'make' and 'do'. You make a cup of
tea, but do your homework. Collocations are very common in business settings when certain nouns are routinely combined with
certain verbs or adjectives. For example, draw up a contract, set a price, conduct negotiations, etc.
A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right" to native
English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations may be unnatural and
just sound "wrong". Look at these examples:
Natural English... Unnatural English...
the fast train
fast food
the quick train
quick food
a quick shower a fast shower
a quick meal
a fast meal
Why learn collocations?
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Your language will be more natural and more easily understood.
You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself.
It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks rather than as single
words.
How to learn collocations
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Be aware of collocations, and try to recognize them when you see or hear them.
Treat collocations as single blocks of language. Think of them as individual blocks or chunks, and
learn strongly support, not strongly + support.
When you learn a new word, write down other words that collocate with it (remember
rightly, remember distinctly, remember vaguely, remember vividly).
Read as much as possible. Reading is an excellent way to learn vocabulary and collocations in
context and naturally.
Revise what you learn regularly. Practise using new collocations in context as soon as possible after
learning them.
Learn collocations in groups that work for you. You could learn them by topic(time, number,
weather, money, family) or by a particular word (take action,take a chance, take an exam).
You can find information on collocations in any good learner's dictionary. And you can also find
specialized dictionaries of collocations.
Types of Collocation
There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun, adjective etc. Some
of the most common types are:
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Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
Adjective + Noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
Noun + Noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
Noun + Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
Verb + Noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
Verb + Expression With Preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
Verb + Adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)
In this lesson we look at some sample collocations, and end with quizzes to check your understanding:
Sample Collocations
There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb
+ noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.
1. adverb + adjective
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Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
We entered a richly decorated room.
Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?
2. adjective + noun
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The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.
3. noun + noun
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Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.
4. noun + verb
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The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
Snow was falling as our plane took off.
The bomb went off when he started the car engine.
5. verb + noun
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The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.
6. verb + expression with preposition
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We had to return home because we had run out of money.
At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.
7. verb + adverb
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She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.
On this page you can find a few short lists of collocations to give you more of an idea about them.
Many
Collocations Lists
good learner's dictionaries show collocations associated with specific words. There are also dictionaries of
collocations, though these are more difficult to find.
Some common verbs
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
a bath
a drink
a good time
a haircut
a holiday
a problem
a relationship
a rest
lunch
sympathy
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
business
nothing
someone a favour
the cooking
the housework
the shopping
the washing up
your best
your hair
your homework
take
take
take
take
take
take
take
take
take
take
take
a break
a chance
a look
a rest
a seat
a taxi
an exam
notes
someone's place
someone's temperature
a fine
attention
by credit card
cash
interest
someone a compliment
someone a visit
the bill
the price
your respects
break
break
break
break
break
break
break
break
break
break
a habit
a leg
a promise
a record
a window
someone's heart
the ice
the law
the news to someone
the rules
save
save
save
save
save
save
save
save
save
save
electricity
energy
money
one's strength
someone a seat
someone's life
something to a disk
space
time
yourself the trouble
go
go abroad
go astray
go bad
a difference
a mess
a mistake
a noise
an effort
furniture
money
progress
room
trouble
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
catch
save
come
come close
come complete with
come direct
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
make
break
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
pay
make
a ball
a bus
a chill
a cold
a thief
fire
sight of
someone's attention
someone's eye
the flu
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
keep
a diary
a promise
a secret
an appointment
calm
control
in touch
quiet
someone's place
the change
Get
get a job
get a shock
get angry
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
come
early
first
into view
last
late
on time
prepared
right back
second
to a compromise
to a decision
to an agreement
to an end
to a standstill
to terms with
to a total of
under attack
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
go
bald
bankrupt
blind
crazy
dark
deaf
fishing
mad
missing
on foot
online
out of business
overseas
quiet
sailing
to war
yellow
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
get
divorced
drunk
frightened
home
lost
married
nowhere
permission
pregnant
ready
started
the impression
the message
the sack
upset
wet
worried
Miscellaneous
Time
bang on time
dead on time
early 12th century
free time
from dawn till dusk
great deal of time
late 20th century
make time for
next few days
past few weeks
right on time
run out of time
save time
spare time
spend some time
take your time
tell someone the time
time goes by
time passes
waste time
Business English
annual turnover
bear in mind
break off negotiations
cease trading
chair a meeting
close a deal
close a meeting
come to the point
dismiss an offer
draw a conclusion
draw your attention to
launch a new product
lay off staff
go bankrupt
go into partnership
make a loss
make a profit
market forces
sales figures
take on staff
Classifiers
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
ball of string
bar of chocolate
bottle of water
bunch of carrots
cube of sugar
pack of cards
pad of paper
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
do
What do you
--
Have you
--
--
The children
Click for answ er
a decision yet?
badly in her geography exam.
made
--
make
your bed.
one mistake in my English test.
--
I'd like to ask you to
My husband
me a favour.
--
Please excuse me while I
Click for answ er
Click for answ er
a mess in the kitchen.
We are having guests tonight, so please
I only
Click for answ er
your homework yet?
Have you
Amber
do
for a living?
Click for answ er
Click for answ er
Click for answ er
the grocery shopping.
--
a phonecall.
Click for answ er
Reset
How many exemplars?
There are many minimal pairs to choose from here, but in selecting target words for phonological therapy it is definitely not a case of 'more is better'. Elbert, Powell and
Swartzlander (1991) found that they could teach as few as 3 to 5 minimal pairs in order for their participants to show spontaneous generalisation to other words containing the
target sounds.
Elbert, M., Powell, T. W., & Swartzlander, P. (1991). Toward a technology of generalization: How many exemplars are sufficient? Journal of Speech and Hearing
Research, 34, 81-87.
Minimal Pairs
The vocabulary on this page represents (non-rhotic) Australian English pronunciation, and although most of the minimal pairs will 'work' in other dialects of English you may
need to discard some. For example, pairs like saw-shore, and spa-star are minimal pairs in Australian English and in other non-rhotic varieties of English, but not in rhotic
dialects such as Canadian, Irish, Scottish and most US 'Englishes'.
p
P pa pack page paid pail paint pair pale palm Pam pan pane park part pat patch pate path
Paul pave paw pawn pay pea peach peak peal pearl peas peat peck peel peep peg pen
perm pest pestle pet pick pie pied pig pile pill pin pine Ping pink pip pipe pit pocket pod
poke pole pong Pooh pool pop Pope pork port pose post pot pow power psalm pug pull
pump pun punch punk purr purse putt
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pea bee pin bin peg beg peep beep pay bay peach beach park bark pig
big peas bees path bath pug bug pie bye
pie tie pine tine Paul tall peel teal pen ten pale tail pea tea pin tin peach
teach peas tease pug tug pan tan pork talk
pie die pine dine peal deal P D pin din peep deep pay day park dark
pig dig peel deal pick Dick pill dill pile dial
Paul call peel keel pick kick poke coke pool cool pill kill pale kale pea
key peg keg pay K peas keys pale Kale peas keys peep keep pick kick
pan can palm calm pair care pole coal
P ghee pie guy pot got page gauge pearl girl go pate gate pest guest
pied guide
pan fan pin fin paint faint pig fig pine fine palm farm peel feel pat fat
pair fair pile file pit fit pole foal port fort purr fur pork fork
P V pie vie pan van purse verse pine vine peas Vs pow vow pet vet
pail veil pest vest pat pole vole pile vial
P C pie sigh pip sip peep seep Pope soap paint saint page sage pine
sign peas seas palm psalm peat seat pun sun pack sack peel seal paw
saw pink sink pea sea sail pail
P Z zip pip Zen pen Pooh zoo
P she pie shy pin shin pot shot pop shop pip ship peep sheep park
shark pine shine peat sheet power shower Pooh shoe Paul shawl
loop luge
pie thigh pug thug pick thick pong thong pink think paw thaw patch
thatch pawn thorn
P thee pie thy pen then pen peas these pose those pay they pair their
pat that pan than
P he pie hi pot hot pop hop pip hip peep heap Pope hope pen hen pearl
hurl pug hug pat hat pill hill part heart pair hair pose hose pawn horn
pit hit
pie chai pin chin pop chop pip chip peep cheep peas cheese palm
charm pick chick pane chain pair chair pork chalk pest chest
peep jeep pay J pump jump pet jet pug jug punk junk pig jig pail
gaol/jail P G pack jack paid jade pa jar pane Jane poke joke
pan man pop mop patch match pug mug pat mat pine mine pail mail
peel meal pie my mark park
pot knot pip nip purse nurse pine nine peas knees pet net putt nut pail
nail pose nose
whip wing bap bang rip ring tip ting strip string
pick lick pine line punch lunch pot lot peg leg peach leech peep leap
pop lop park lark pay lei pane lane pink link peak leak
peach reach pane rain peep reap pink rink peak reek pack rack pail rail
peel reel pat rat peck wreck pest rest post roast pig rig pocket rocket
pool rule pa Rah pug rug Pope rope pen wren pestle wrestle pie rye
Ping ring pod rod pose rose
pie why pin win pot what pipe wipe pip whip peep weep pen when
purse worse page wage pig wig pearl whirl pine wine peel wheel pick
p
j
wick perm worm Paul wall pull wool pave wave
pot yacht pen yen pay yay Pooh U pet yet pawn yawn Pam yam pack
yak
B babe back bag bait bale ball balloon ban band banks bap bard bare bark Bart bat batch
bath bay beach bead beam bean beans bear bed bee beef beep beer bees beet beg beige
bell belly Ben Bertie Bess best bet Bic big bight bile bill billy bin bird bite boar boast boat
bog bold bone boo book boom boot borax bore born boughs bow bower bowl box boy
brass buck bug bull bump bumper bun bunch bunk burst bus bust butt buy bye
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h
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n
pea bee pin bin peg beg peep beep pay bay peach beach park bark pig
big peas bees path bath pug bug pie bye
bow toe boy toy bee tea buy tie boo two bed Ted bin tin bug tug book
took back tack bun ton buck tuck bell tell bag tag bean teen bite tight
ball tall beach teach bone tone bap tap bale tail beam team Ben ten
bow dough bee D buy die boo do bed dead bin din buck duck bean
Dean bale dale Ben den boar door bay day B D bait date bark dark bog
dog bug Doug big dig Bart dart bust dust beer deer bye dye beep deep
bee key book cook bite kite ball call bone cone bap cap bale kale bow
cow bog cog Bart cart beep keep
bow go bee ghee buy guy boo goo bus Gus big gig bun gun bag gag
bowl goal ball gall Bess guess boat goat bet get bait gate bard guard
board gourd best guest bust gust bold gold brass grass
bus fuss bin fin bite fight big fig bun fun bowl foal ball fall bell fell
bone phone bead feed box fox bat fat
V bee van ban veil bale vest best vat bat vet bet vole bowl Vs bees
vow bow vial bile
bean scene bun sun bee sea beet seat back sack bead seed band sand
bale sale balloon saloon bell cell billy silly box socks B C
boo zoo boom zoom bed zed bee zee back Zach bap zap bone zone
boot zoot
beep sheep Bert shirt beet sheet bow show bark shark bell shell bower
shower boo shoe ball shawl bin shin bee she buy shy back shack book
shook bake shake bark shark boo shoe
lube luge babe beige
thick Bic third bird thaw bore thatch batch Thumper bumper thief beef
thorax borax thorn born thanks banks thirty Bertie
bees these B thee buy thy boughs those bay they bear their bow though
bat that ban than Ben then bare there
bee he beep heap bay hay bath hearth bug hug bye hi bow hoe book
hook back hack ball hall bale hail bat hat bold hold bowl hole band
hand
bin chin Bic chick bees cheese bear chair best chest buy chai book
chook
beep jeep bump jump beans jeans bet jet bunk junk bog jog bug jug
big jig bag Jag belly jelly back Jack
mat bat mic bike mug bug
bet net butt nut bight night bap nap bow no bale nail bows nose B knee
bite knight bay neigh bad nag beer near best nest boat note book nook
bun nun
b
ŋ
b
l
b
r
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w
b
j
tub tongue gob gong fab fang rub rung
beef leaf bite light base lace Bic lick bet let bake lake bead lead bunch
lunch beaks leeks bet let bay lay bow low
bow row buy rye boo roo bed red bug rug book rook back rack bun run
buck ruck bag rag right bite beach reach bap rap bale rail beam boy
Roy bench wrench bough row bust rust boast roast best rest bag rag
big rig beep reap bung rung
bow wow bow woe buy why boo woo bed wed back whack bun one
bag wag bite white bale whale bough wow burst worst best west big
wig beep weep ball wall bill will bead weed bin win bull wool beet
wheat bees wheeze bear wear Ben when bead weed bind wind
Ben yen bay yay boo you bet yet back yak Bess yes boot ute born
yawn bard yard Bert yurt
T ta table tail talk tall tan tank tanks tape tart taw tax tea teach teal tease teat Ted teen tell
ten Tess tie tight tin tine ting tit toad toast toe ton tong took toot tore tote tower toy Ts tuck
tug two
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pie tie pine tine Paul tall peel teal pen ten pale tail pea tea pin tin peach
teach peas tease pug tug pan tan pork talk
bow toe boy toy bee tea buy tie boo two bed Ted bin tin bug tug book
took back tack bun ton buck tuck bell tell bag tag bean teen bite tight
ball tall beach teach bone tone bap tap bale tail beam team Ben ten
ten den tea D tore door tin din tip dip town down tot dot tart dart tie
die
key tea cap tap cub tub call tall cool tool cape tape keys Ts coast toast
kite tight coat tote cot tot coffee toffee
two goo tie guy tap gap tape gape tool ghoul tail gale tag gag tea ghee
table gable tall gall town gown toast ghost tot got ton gun Tess guess
test guest
tin fin tool fool tail fail ten fen top fop tea Fi table fable tax fax ton fun
tie vie tick Vic tail veil tea V test vest T V tile vial
tub sub tip sip toe sew tick sick tail sail tore sore turf surf tea sea tack
sack teat seat tower sour tell cell toot suit
two zoo tap zap tit zit ten Zen tea Z test zest toot zoot
two shoe tie shy tape shape top shop tag shag tore shore tip ship tot
shot toe show teat sheet tower shower tell shell take shake tack shack
tin shin
lute luge root rouge bait beige
tick thick tong thong tank thank taw thaw torn thorn tanks thanks
tease these toes those tear their toe though tan than ten then
two who tie high top hop tub hub tail hail tug hug ten hen tea he toast
host Ted head tot hot tip hip took hook tear hair tart heart taste haste
torn horn toe hoe
cheese Ts chop top chin tin chew two chai tie chick tick chalk talk
chest test chick tick chip dip chews twos chart tart
jape tape gin tin gaol/jail tail jug tug tag Jen ten G tea jest test jack
tack Jag tag
two moo tie my tap map top mop tick Mick tail mail tug mug ten men
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n
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l
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r
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j
D dale dame Dan dare dark dart date dawn day dead deal Dean debt deep deer dell den
dent dial Dick die dig dill dime din dine dirty dock dole door dot Doug dough down doze Ds
duck dull dumb dust dye
d
d
tea me tore more tan man teen mean tight might tall mall tone moan
toast most tote moat tacks Max teat meet tit mitt
tight night tap nap toe no tot knot tail nail tame name toes nose test
nest tease knees took nook tip nip tape nape
wit wing tut tongue bat bang writ ring tit ting kit king got gong fat
fang rut rung bit Bing
Lou two lie tie lap tap lop top lick tick lug tug lag tag Len ten label
table less Tess teach leech luck tuck tight look took light tot lot lip tip
loss toss law taw lose twos lake take lair tear low toe lone tone lit tit
teak leek load toad
teach reach teak reek tack rack tail rail test rest toast roast tool rule
toes rose ta Rah tug rug ten wren tie rye toe row tag rag two roo Ted
red toad road
why tie win tin woe toe wipe type one ton wag tag white tight whale
tail west test wall tall wick tick wed Ted wheat teat wake take wheeze
Ts whip tip week teak wheel teal
tot yacht ten yen two U torn yawn tam yam tack yak Tess yes toot ute
tell yell tall yawl
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pie die pine dine peal deal P D pin din peep deep pay day park dark
pig dig peel deal pick Dick pill dill pile dial
bow dough bee D buy die boo do bed dead bin din buck duck bean
Dean bale dale Ben den boar door bay day B D bait date bark dark bog
dog bug Doug big dig Bart dart bust dust beer deer bye dye beep deep
ten den tea D tore door tin din tip dip town down tot dot tart dart tie
die
D key bin kin Dean keen dale kale dumb come door core day K date
Kate dog cog dart cart deer Kia deep keep deal keel dill kill dole coal
dawn corn dock cock dare care dot cot
go dough gown down gate date gust dust gull dull guide died ghee D
gig dig
din fin den fen dig fig dine fine deal feel dough foe dead fed done fun
dale fail deed feed dill fill dial file dough foe D Fi dead fed date fête
dog fog deer fear dine fine deal feel dare fair dole foal Ds fees
Dan van dole vole dine vine deal veal dale veil dial vial D V deer veer
debt vet dote vote Dick Vic dawn Vaughan dent vent
dip sip D C dock sock duck suck dough sew die sigh door d sea deep
seep
zip dip zoo do Zen den zee D zed dead
door shore dip ship dot shot dark shark dock shock dough show dye
shy dirt shirt deep sheep
rude rouge
Dick thick dank thank dumb thumb door thaw dirty thirty
Ds these D thee die thy doze those day they dare their dough though
Dan than den then
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hoe dough he D hi die who do head dead hail dale hen den hay day
hate date hark dark hog dog hug Doug heart dart hear deer high dye
heap deep
din chin Dick chick dip chip Ds cheese dare chair doze chose dye chai
do chew door chore dock chock deep cheep dive chive dumb chum
Gs Ds jeep deep jive dive jaw door G D jam dam jog dog jug dig just
dust
mow dough me D my die moo do muck duck mean Dean mail dale
men den more door May day mate date mark dark mog dog mug Doug
Mig dig mart dart must dust
nice dice nip dip knee D no dough nine dine knot dot nail dale name
dame
bad bang rid ring kid king god gong fad fang bid Bing
low dough Leigh D lie die Lou do lead dead Lynne din luck duck lean
Dean Len den lime dime lei day late date lark dark log dog lug Doug
lye dye leap deep lamb dam line dine lame dame lot dot
row dough rye die roo do red dead ruck duck rail dale roar door ray
day rate date rug Doug rig dig rust dust reap deep
dye why din win dot what dip whip deep weep den when dig wig dine
wine deal wheel Dick wick Dave wave dough woe do woo dead wed
done one dale whale deed weed dill will din win Ds wheeze dock wok
dial while
yacht dot yen den yay day you do yet debt yawn dawn yam dam yell
dell yum dumb
calf call calm camp can cap care cart case cat coach coal coast cob coffee cog coke cold
come cone cook cool coot cop cord core cork corn cow cub curd curl K kale Kate keel
keen keep keg Ken key keys Kia kick kid kill king kink kipper Kirsty kiss kit kite
k
k
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k
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Paul call peel keel pick kick poke coke pool cool pill kill pale kale pea
key peg keg pay K peas keys pale Kale peas keys peep keep pick kick
pan can palm calm pair care pole coal
bee key book cook bite kite ball call bone cone bap cap bale kale bow
cow bog cog Bart cart beep keep
key tea cap tap cub tub call tall cool tool cape tape keys Ts coast toast
kite tight coat tote cot tot coffee toffee
D key bin kin Dean keen dale kale dumb come door core day K date
Kate dog cog dart cart deer Kia deep keep deal keel dill kill dole coal
dawn corn dock cock dare care dot cot
key ghee cap gap cage gauge card guard coal goal curl girl coat goat
cold gold
kale fail keel feel cat fat coal foal car far cake fake case face kite fight
cold fold calm farm cool fool cone phone kit fit Kate fête call fall Kia
fear kin fin cast fast kill fill corn fawn can fan cob fob
cast vast cane vein coal vole key V cat vat can van cow vow kale veil
cane vane
kale sail keel seal cat sat coal sole kite sight cold sold kit sit call Saul
kill sill cob sob kick sick coke soak key sea cook sook cow sow keep
seep come sum core sore cage sage cold sold kit sit cap sap
k
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cap zap coo zoo cone zone key Z kit zit king zing kipper zipper coot
zoot
kale shale coal shoal call shawl kick Schick key she cook shook keep
sheep core shore cape shape cake shake Kia shear kin shin corn shorn
Kurt shirt coo shoe cot shot cock shock cop shop
bake beige
kick thick kink think come thumb curd third core thaw catch thatch
Kirsty thirsty
keys these K they care their cat that kiss this can than Ken then
cart heart corn horn calf half cat hat coal hole cook hook cord horde
kin chin kick chick cop chop cane chain keys cheese care chair cork
chalk coke choke kill chill cook chook cap chap come chum calm
charm keep cheep cat chat coo chew
cane Jane cot jot K J key G kale gaol/jail car jar cog jog coin join cob
job cab jab coot jute
kale mail keel meal cat mat coal mole kite might cold mould kit mitt
call mall kill mill cob mob kick Mick coke Moke key me come mum
core more can man cop mop Ken men key me cart mart kiss miss K
May care mare
kale nail keel kneel cat gnat kite night kit nit kill nil cob knob kick
Nick key knee come numb core gnaw can Nan K neigh knot cot nut
cut curse nurse cock knock cap nap came name coat note cook nook
keys knees comb gnome
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guest guide gull gun Gus gust gusty guy
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table gable tall gall town gown toast ghost tot got ton gun Tess guess
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wig wing tug tongue bag bang rig ring rug rung swig swing lug lung
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go low guy lie goo Lou gag lag got lot ghee Leigh guess less get let
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fable face fade fail faint fair fake fan farm fat fawn fax Faye fear fed feed feel fees fell fen
fête Fi fig fight file fill fin fine fit fix foal foam fob foe fog fold folk fool fop fork fort forty
fountain four fox Fred fun fur fuss phone photo
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din fin den fen dig fig dine fine deal feel dough foe dead fed done fun
dale fail deed feed dill fill dial file dough foe D Fi dead fed date fête
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farm harm feel heel fat hat fair hair fit hit foal hole fur her fork hawk
fight height fall hall fête hate fog hog fear hear fake hake fir her fail
hail foam home fed head foe hoe Faye hay
chin fin chop fop cheese fees chair fair chalk fork choke folk chose
foes chill fill charm farm chat fat chilli filly chive five cheer fear
fan Jan fin gin fig jig phone Joan fox jocks fog jog fear jeer folk joke
fax jacks fake Jake far jar foe Joe fade jade Faye J
man fan mat fat mine fine mail fail meat feet meal feel money funny
make fake mix fix mole foal mountain fountain mate fête maid fade
fat gnat fine nine fail nail feel kneel fight night fit knit foam gnome
forty naughty fun nun
whiff wing tough tongue riff ring tiff ting Gough gong rough rung stiff
sting biff Bing
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fox late fête log fog label fable lace face licks fix lax fax lake fake
lame fame foam led fed low foe lay Faye
fan ran fig rig feel reel fat rat fair rare foal roll fight right fun run feed
read fox rocks fête rate face race fax racks fake rake fail rail foam
Rome fed red foe row funny runny fade raid Faye ray
foe woe fed wed fun one fight white fail whale first worst fig wig fall
wall fill will feed weed fin win full wool feet wheat fees wheeze find
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fawn yawn fen yen fell yell folk yolk fall yawl Faye yay
V van vane vast vat Vaughan veal veer veil vent verse vest vet vial Vic Vicks vie vim vine
Viv vole vote vow Vs
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pail veil pest vest pat pole vole pile vial
V bee van ban veil bale vest best vat bat vet bet vole bowl Vs bees
vow bow vial bile
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debt vet dote vote Dick Vic dawn Vaughan dent vent
cast vast cane vein coal vole key V cat vat can van cow vow Kale veil
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van man vole mole vine mine veal meal veil mail vial mile V me vet
met vote moat Vic Mick vie my vat mat vein mane
van Nan vine none veal kneel veil nail vial Nile V knee veer near vet
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vine line V Leigh vet let Vic lick Vaughan lawn vie lie vein lane
van ran vole roll veal reel veil rail vial rile vote wrote vie rye vow row
vest rest vat rat vein rain
vow wow vie why veil whale verse worse vest west Vs wheeze
Vaughan warn V wee vet wet vine wine vein Wayne vein wane
Yale veil year veer yet vet yawn Vaughan
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scene sea seal seas seat seed seep Seine Seoul sieve sigh sign sill silly sim sink Sioux
sip sis six soak soap sob socks sole son sook sour sow sub suck Sue suit sun surf sword
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sign peas seas palm psalm peat seat pun sun pack sack peel seal paw
saw pink sink pea sea sail pail
bean scene bun sun bee sea beet seat back sack bead seed band sand
bale sale balloon saloon bell cell billy silly box socks B C
tub sub tip sip toe sew tick sick tail sail tore sore turf surf tea sea tack
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seat heat sip hip seal heel soap hope sum hum sand hand suit hoot soup
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scene Jean Seine Jane sea G sack Jack sale gaol/jail cell gel C G sill
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suit jute sacks jacks Sam jam sunk junk
mine sign mail sale meat seat meal seal money sunny mix six milk silk
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sun nun sea knee seat neat sack knack seed knead sale nail cell Nell
socks knocks sail sat gnat sight night sit nit sill nil sob knob sick nick
sook nook sow now sum numb saw gnaw sap nap say neigh set net
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lake sake lead seed lay say low sew lie sigh lap sap lag sag luck suck
limb sim Leigh sea look sook light sight lip sip law saw lute suit lit sit
leek seek lax sacks licks six lash sash lamb Sam lank sank
sail rail seal reel sand rand sash rash sew row soap rope sing ring sink
rink sack rack sock rock sale rail sip rip
sow wow sew woe sigh why Sue woo said wed sack whack sun one
sag wag sight white sale whale seep weep Saul wall sill will seed weed
seat wheat Cs wheeze seed weed sip whip sage wage son won save
wave sick wick sock wok C wee say weigh sword ward seat wheat
sign wine seek week soak woke sink wink
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yolk soak U Sue ewe Sioux you sue
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boo zoo boom zoom bed zed bee zee back Zach bap zap bone zone
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shawl she shea shear sheep sheet shield shin shine ship shirr shirred shirt shoal shoe
shoes shook shop shorn shot show shower shun shy
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shark pine shine peat sheet power shower Pooh shoe Paul shawl
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shook bake shake bark shark boo shoe
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shot toe show teat sheet tower shower tell shell take shake tack shack
tin shin
door shore dip ship dot shot dark shark dock shock dough show dye
shy dirt shirt deep sheep
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kale shale coal shoal call shawl kick Schick key she cook shook keep
sheep core shore cape shape cake shake Kia shear kin shin corn shorn
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shone gird shirred gear shear
shin fin shine fine shield field share fair shoal foal short fort shirr fur
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shame fame shed fed show foe shade fade shea Faye
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shoe zoo shed zed she Z shack Zach shoot zoot ship zip
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shows horn shorn hay shea hoe show hook shook hail shale hole shoal
who shoe head shed hick Schick hank shank herd shirred hock shock
hut shut hurt shirt hello cello
choose shoes chop shop chair share cheap sheep chew shoe chip ship
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jute shoot gin shin jocks shocks jeer shear jacks shacks Jake shake jade
shade Jack shack gel shell jute shoot
choux moo shack Mac shade made shake make shale mail Shane mane
shark mark shave Maeve shawl mall she me shea May sheet meat
shine mine shoal mole shoe moo shop mop show mow shy my
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she knee shea neigh shear near sheet neat shine nine ship nip shoe gnu
shook nook shot knot show no shun nun
wish wing bash bang gosh gong rush rung swish swing lush lung
line shine lot shot leap sheep lop shop lark shark lei shea lane Shane
leaf sheaf lick Schick low show Lou shoe lie shy lag shag Leigh she
look shook lip ship lose shoes lake shake lute shoot lair leek chic
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rose shows rare share run shun rake shake red shed row show raid
shade ray shea rue shoe rut shut roos shoes reef sheaf rook shook rag
shag rot shot root shoot
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three thug thumb Thumper
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pie thigh pug thug pick thick pong thong pink think paw thaw patch
thatch pawn thorn
thick Bic third bird thaw bore thatch batch Thumper bumper thief beef
thorax borax thorn born thanks banks thirty Bertie
tick thick tong thong tank thank taw thaw torn thorn tanks thanks
Dick thick dank thank dumb thumb door thaw dirty thirty
kick thick kink think come thumb curd third core thaw catch thatch
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gong thong gum thumb gird third gimbal thimble gore thaw Gertie
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thin fin three free thread Fred four thaw thorn fawn
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thigh thy
hick thick hank thank hum thumb herd third hatch thatch
thin chin thick chick
thaw jaw
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Nick thick numb thumb nerd third nimble thimble gnaw thaw
bath bang kith king Goth gong
lick thick long thong link think lank thank law thaw latch thatch leaf
thief lawn thorn
Rick thick wrong thong rink think raw thaw reef thief ranks thanks
rank yank
win thin wink think wart thought wick thick wonder thunder word
third war thaw worn thorn
yay they yawn thorn yum thumb yanks thanks
than that thee their then these they this those though thy
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bat that ban than Ben then bare there
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Ds these D thee die thy doze those day they dare their dough though
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keys these K they care their cat that kiss this can than Ken then
Gs these G thee gear their go though gay they
these fees thee fee thy those foes though foe that fat than fan then fen
there fair
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these Vs thee V thy vie that vat than van
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these Zs thee Z then Zen
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bathe beige
thigh thy
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cheese these chose those chair their chat that
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me thee my thy Mem them May they mat that miss this man than men
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thee ye they yay their year though yo
hack hail hair hake half hall hand hare hark harm haste hat hate hawk hay he heap heart
hearth heel height hello hen herd hi high hill hip hiss hit hock hoe hog hoist hold hole hook
hoot hop hope horde horn horse hose host hot hub hug hull hum hurl hush who
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hurl pug hug pat hat pill hill part heart pair hair pose hose pawn horn
pit hit
bee he beep heap bay hay bath hearth bug hug bye hi bow hoe book
hook back hack ball hall bale hail bat hat bold hold bowl hole band
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two who tie high top hop tub hub tail hail tug hug ten hen tea he toast
host Ted head tot hot tip hip took hook tear hair tart heart taste haste
torn horn toe hoe
hoe dough he D hi die who do head dead hail dale hen den hay day
hate date hark dark hog dog hug Doug heart dart hear deer high dye
heap deep
cart heart corn horn calf half cat hat coal hole cook hook cord horde
gate hate go hoe goal hole gorse horse goo who gale hail got hot gill
hill ghee he gall hall gold hold girl hurl gird herd gear hear
farm harm feel heel fat hat fair hair fit hit foal hole fur her fork hawk
fight height fall hall fête hate fog hog fear hear fake hake fir her fail
hail foam home fed head foe hoe Faye hay
hole vole heel veal hail veil he V hear veer horn Vaughan high vie
how vow hat vat
seat heat sip hip seal heel soap hope sum hum sand hand suit hoot soup
hoop sauce horse
zoot hoot zoo who zed head Z he Zach hack zone hone zip hip zit hit
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shows horn shorn hay shea hoe show hook shook hail shale hole shoal
who shoe head shed hick Schick hank shank herd shirred hock shock
hut shut hurt shirt hello cello
hick thick hank thank hum thumb herd third hatch thatch
hose those hem them hay they hair their hoe though hat that hiss this
hen then here there
hop chop who chew high chai hawk chalk hip chip heart chart hair
chair hook chook hum chum heap cheep hose chose hive chive hear
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he me hi my hop mop hope mope hen men hug mug hat mat hill mill
host most heart mart hair mare hose mows horn mourn hit mitt hay
May hoe mow hail mail hold mould hole mole hate mate horse Morse
who moo house mouse hoist moist hum mum hock mock hut mutt hull
mull hello mellow
he knee hot knot hip nip hope nope hat gnat hill nil hose nose hit nit
hay neigh hoe no hook nook hail nail horse Norse who gnu home
gnome head Ned hick nick hum numb herd nerd hock knock hut nut
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lair horn lawn hit lit hay lay hoe low hook look hand land hate late
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heap reap hail rail heel reel hat rat host roast hug rug hen wren hose
rose hand rand hash rash hoe row hook rook habit rabbit head red hi
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wok hock wall hall whip hip wheat heat wake hake wed head weep
heap wine Y hi whale hail woe hoe why high boo who will hill wheat
heat ways haze hose woes he wee hay way horn warn horde ward
who you who ewe hear year hack yak hen yen hot yacht ham yam horn
yawn hay yay hoot ute hard yard hello yellow hurt yurt
cello chai chain chair chalk chap charm chart cheep cheese cheetah chess chest chew
chick chief chill chilli chilly chin chink chip chive choc chock choke chook chop chose chum
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charm pick chick pane chain pair chair pork chalk pest chest
bin chin Bic chick bees cheese bear chair best chest buy chai book
chook
cheese Ts chop top chin tin chew two chai tie chick tick chalk talk
chest test chick tick chip dip chews twos chart tart
din chin Dick chick dip chip Ds cheese dare chair doze chose dye chai
do chew door chore dock chock deep cheep dive chive dumb chum
kin chin kick chick cop chop cane chain keys cheese care chair cork
chalk coke choke kill chill cook chook cap chap come chum calm
charm keep cheep cat chat coo chew
guy chai guess chess guest chest gum chum goo chew gill chill gap
chap gear cheer
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chin fin chop fop cheese fees chair fair chalk fork choke folk chose
foes chill fill charm farm chat fat chilli filly chive five cheer fear
Vic chick vane chain Vs cheese vat chat vest chest veer cheer vie chai
chick sick chip sip chilli silly
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choose shoes chop shop chair share cheap sheep chew shoe chip ship
thin chin thick chick
cheese these chose those chair their chat that
hop chop who chew high chai hawk chalk hip chip heart chart hair
chair hook chook hum chum heap cheep hose chose hive chive hear
cheer
cheese Gs chain Jane cheap jeep chunk junk choke joke chive jive
cello jello
chick Mick chop mop chain mane chair mare choke Moke chose mows
chill mill chap map chum mum chat mat chew moo chai my cello
mellow merry cherry meter cheetah
nick chick knees cheese nose chose nil chill nook chook nap chap
numb chum gnat chat gnu chew nest chest near cheer nip chip nook
chook knit chit knock chock
witch wing touch tongue batch bang rich ring kitsch king switch swing
stitch sting lunch lung
Lynne chin lick chick lose choose lip chip lop chop lane chain lair
chair limp chimp lamp champ lie chai lace chase lock choc look
chook link chink leak cheek
chew roo chat rat chain rain chase race chink rink chime rhyme chook
rook chink rink chai rye chip rip cheep reap chair rare chest rest chose
rose chum rum choose roos
wick chick win chin Wayne chain west chest whip chip walk chalk
ewe chew year cheer yellow cello yes chess
G gaol gel George germ gin Gs J jab jack jacks jade Jag jail Jake Jan Jane jape jar jaw
Jean jeans jeep jello jelly Jen jet jetty jig jive Joan job jocks Joe jog John joist joke jot Js
jug juice jump junk just jut jute
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gaol/jail P G pack jack paid jade pa jar pane Jane poke joke
beep jeep bump jump beans jeans bet jet bunk junk bog jog bug jug
big jig bag Jag belly jelly back Jack
jape tape gin tin gaol/jail tail jug tug tag Jen ten G tea jest test jack
tack Jag tag
Gs Ds jeep deep jive dive jaw door G D jam dam jog dog jug dig just
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cane Jane cot jot K J key G kale gaol/jail car jar cog jog coin join cob
job cab jab coot jute
gale gaol/jail got jot gig jig gill Jill ghee G guess Jess get jet guest jest
gust just gape jape goose juice gone John gear jeer gunk junk gag Jag
gorge George
fan Jan fin gin fig jig phone Joan fox jocks fog jog fear jeer folk joke
fax jacks fake Jake far jar foe Joe fade jade Faye J
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G V gaol/jail veil Jan van jeer veer Gs Vs Jane vane jello cello jello
jet vet Jim vim jest
scene Jean Seine Jane sea G sack Jack sale gaol/jail cell gel C G sill
Jill sob job soak joke seep jeep say J set jet sake Jake sim Jim saw jaw
suit jute sacks jacks Sam jam sunk junk
jute zoot G Z jack Zach Joan zone Jen Zen
G she jot shot jeep sheep Joe show gaol/jail shale Jock shock jut shut
jute shoot gin shin jocks shocks jeer shear jacks shacks Jake shake jade
shade Jack shack gel shell jute shoot
thaw jaw
Gs these G thee jeer their Jo though J they
he G hot jot heap jeep hen Jen hug jug hill Jill hay J hoe Joe hail
gaol/jail hoist joist hock Jock hut jut hoot jute
cheese Gs chain Jane cheap jeep chunk junk choke joke chive jive
cello jello
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moist Jock mock jut mutt Jan man jig Mig Joan moan jocks mocks jog
mog joke Moke jacks Max Jake make jade made Jane mane junk
monk jello mellow Jean mean Jack Mac job mob jet met
G knee Jill nil J neigh Joe no gaol/jail nail Jock knock jut nut Jack
knack job knob jet net Jag nag jape nape jest nest
badge bang ridge ring
lot jot leap jeep lei J lane Janelet jet lay J low Joe lug jug lag Jag less
Jess limb Jim Leigh loss joss law jaw lute jute lax jacks lamb jam log
jog
rain Jane reap jeep rack jack rail gaol/jail rest jest rig jug Rah jar rug
jug wren Jen rust just ran Jan racks jacks rake Jake row Joe raid jade
ray J raw jaw rut jut rag Jag rot jot root jute
weep jeep whale gaol/jail wig jig weigh J wet jet worm germ wade
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yay J yet jet yak jack yolk joke yam jam ute jute yeti jetty yacht jot
yell gel
Mac Maeve mail male mall man map mare mark marred mart mash mat match mate Maud
Max May meal meet mellow Mem meter mic mice Mick Mig might mile milk mill mime mine
Ming mink miss mite mitt mix moan moat mob mock mog moist Moke mole money moo
moose
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pan man pop mop patch match pug mug pat mat pine mine pail mail
peel meal pie my mark park
mat bat mic bike mug bug
two moo tie my tap map top mop tick Mick tail mail tug mug ten men
tea me tore more tan man teen mean tight might tall mall tone moan
toast most tote moat tacks Max teat meet tit mitt
mow dough me D my die moo do muck duck mean Dean mail dale
men den more door May day mate date mark dark mog dog mug Doug
Mig dig mart dart must dust
kale mail keel meal cat mat coal mole kite might cold mould kit mitt
call mall kill mill cob mob kick Mick coke Moke key me come mum
core more can man cop mop Ken men key me cart mart kiss miss K
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May care mare
my guy moo goo mail gale Mig gig Maeve gave mill gill me ghee mall
gall musty gusty mole goal mess guess moat goat met get mate gate
marred guard Maud gourd must gust mould gold moose goose map
gap Morse gorse
man fan mat fat mine fine mail fail meat feet meal feel money funny
make fake mix fix mole foal mountain fountain mate fête maid fade
van man vole mole vine mine veal meal veil mail vial mile V me vet
met vote moat Vic Mick vie my vat mat vein mane
mine sign mail sale meat seat meal seal money sunny mix six milk silk
mouth south mole sole
moo zoo me Z Mac Zach map zap moan zone men Zen mitt zit Ming
zing mink zinc
choux moo shack Mac shade made shake make shale mail Shane mane
shark mark shave Maeve shawl mall she me shea May sheet meat
shine mine shoal mole shoe moo shop mop show mow shy my
loom luge room rouge
Mick thick mink think mum thumb more thaw thatch mourn thorn
me thee my thy Mem them May they mat that miss this man than men
then mare there
he me hi my hop mop hope mope hen men hug mug hat mat hill mill
host most heart mart hair mare hose mows horn mourn hit mitt hay
May hoe mow hail mail hold mould hole mole hate mate horse Morse
who moo house mouse hoist moist hum mum hock mock hut mutt hull
mull hello mellow
chick Mick chop mop chain mane chair mare choke Moke chose mows
chill mill chap map chum mum chat mat chew moo chai my cello
mellow merry cherry meter cheetah
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moist Jock mock jut mutt Jan man jig Mig Joan moan jocks mocks jog
mog joke Moke jacks Max Jake make jade made Jane mane junk monk
jello mellow Jean mean Jack Mac job mob jet met
gnash mash gnat mat knack Mac knave Maeve knead mead knee me
kneel meal knight mite knit mitt knob mob nail mail Nan man nap map
neat meat neigh May nice mice nick Mick night might nil mill Nile
mile nine mine no mow nope mope Norse Morse note moat numb
mum nut mutt
whim wing rim ring tin ting kin king gone gong fan fang run rung bin
Bing thin thing
line mine lunch munch lop mop lark mark lei May lane mane louse
mouse link mink light might lace mace lick Mick let met late mate
lime mime low mow Lou moo lie my lap map lug mug less mess luck
muck Leigh me loss moss lake make lone moan lit mitt lax Max licks
mix lash mash log mog lice mice
rain mane rink mink rack Mac rail mail reel meal rat mat roast most rig
Mig rug mug rope mope wren men rust must rye my ring Ming ran
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man rare mare right might read mead rate mate race mace rake make
row mow runny money raid maid ray May rue moo wrap map rung
mung ruck muck rile mile rush mush rash mash rut mutt rhyme mime
mow woe my why moo woo Mac whack mite white mail whale mall
wall mill will mead weed meat wheat Mick wick mock sock wok me
wee May weigh Maud ward mine wine Moke woke men when mink
wink meal wheel mile while maid wade mire wire
moo ewe mellow yellow mess yes may yay met yet Mac yak Moke
yolk map yap
gnash gnat gnaw gnome knack knave knead knee kneel knees knight knit knob knocks
knot nag nail name Nan nap nape naughty near neat neigh Nell nerd nest nestle net nice
nick night nil Nile nimble nine nip no nod nook nope Norse nose note numb nun nurse nut
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pot knot pip nip purse nurse pine nine peas knees pet net putt nut pail
nail pose nose
bet net butt nut bight night bap nap bow no bale nail bows nose B knee
bite knight bay neigh bad nag beer near best nest boat note book nook
bun nun
tight night tap nap toe no tot knot tail nail tame name toes nose test
nest tease knees took nook tip nip tape nape
nice dice nip dip knee D no dough nine dine knot dot nail dale name
dame
kale nail keel kneel cat gnat kite night kit nit kill nil cob knob kick
Nick key knee come numb core gnaw can Nan K neigh knot cot nut
cut curse nurse cock knock cap nap came name coat note cook nook
keys knees comb gnome
know go nag gag nail gale knot got knave gave nil gill knee ghee nun
gun note goat net get Nate gate nest guest nape gape noose goose nap
gap nerd gird near gear Norse gorse
fat gnat fine nine fail nail feel kneel fight night fit knit foam gnome
forty naughty fun nun
van Nan vine none veal kneel veil nail vial Nile V knee veer near vet
net vote note Vic nick verse nurse vow now vest nest vat gnat
sun nun sea knee seat neat sack knack seed knead sale nail cell Nell
socks knocks sail sat gnat sight night sit nit sill nil sob knob sick nick
sook nook sow now sum numb saw gnaw sap nap say neigh set net
sash gnash
gnu zoo Ned zed knee Z knack Zach nap zap knit zit nest zest nipper
zipper nip zip
Schick nick shack knack shag nag shale nail shape nape shave knave
she knee shea neigh shear near sheet neat shine nine ship nip shoe gnu
shook nook shot knot show no shun nun
bane beige
Nick thick numb thumb nerd third nimble thimble gnaw thaw
knees these knee thee nose those neigh they near their no though gnat
that Nan than
he knee hot knot hip nip hope nope hat gnat hill nil hose nose hit nit
hay neigh hoe no hook nook hail nail horse Norse who gnu home
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gnome head Ned hick nick hum numb herd nerd hock knock hut nut
nick chick knees cheese nose chose nil chill nook chook nap chap
numb chum gnat chat gnu chew nest chest near cheer nip chip nook
chook knit chit knock chock
G knee Jill nil J neigh Joe no gaol/jail nail Jock knock jut nut Jack
knack job knob jet net Jag nag jape nape jest nest
gnash mash gnat mat knack Mac knave Maeve knead mead knee me
kneel meal knight mite knit mitt knob mob nail mail Nan man nap map
neat meat neigh May nice mice nick Mick night might nil mill Nile
mile nine mine no mow nope mope Norse Morse note moat numb
mum nut mutt
fan fang win wing pin Ping ton tongue ban bang thin thing run rung
bin Bing tin ting gone gong
light night lock knock line nine lap nap low no lot knot lame name lei
neigh let net lip nip low know life knife lice nice
rack knack rail nail reel kneel rat gnat wreck neck rope nope wrestle
nestle rod nod rose nose ran Nan right night run nun read need rocks
knocks Rome gnome red Ned row no ray neigh rest nest wrap nap rile
Nile rash gnash raw gnaw rut nut rook nook rag nag rot knot
no woe knack whack night white nail whale nil will need weed neat
wheat Nick wick knock wok knee wee neigh weigh nine wine kneel
wheel Nile while now wow Ned wed nun sun one nag wag nurse
worse nip whip knees wheeze
nap yap Nell yell knack yak neigh yay net yet knot yacht
label lace lag lair lake lamb lamp lane lank lap lard lark lash last latch laugh law lawn lax
lay lead leaf leak leap leech leek leeks leg lei Leigh Len less let lick lid light limb lime line
link lip load locks lone look loose loot lop lord lose loss lot Lou louse low luck lug lull lunch
lung lute lye Lynne lyre
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pick lick pine line punch lunch pot lot peg leg peach leech peep leap
pop lop park lark pay lei pane lane pink link peak leak
beef leaf bite light base lace Bic lick bet let bake lake bead lead bunch
lunch beaks leeks bet let bay lay bow low
Lou two lie tie lap tap lop top lick tick lug tug lag tag Len ten label
table less Tess teach leech luck tuck tight look took light tot lot lip tip
loss toss law taw lose twos lake take lair tear low toe lone tone lit tit
teak leek load toad
low dough Leigh D lie die Lou do lead dead Lynne din luck duck lean
Dean Len den lime dime lei day late date lark dark log dog lug Doug
lye dye leap deep lamb dam line dine lame dame lot dot
cook look cash lash cane lane code load cake lake case lace camp lamp
cot lot cap lap kite light kick lick keg leg K lei cab lab calf laugh card
lard cast last kid lid
go low guy lie goo Lou gag lag got lot ghee Leigh guess less get let
gate late guard lard gourd lord goose loose give live gap lap
Lynne fin line fine lair fair lit fit light fight lone phone lead feed locks
fox late fête log fog label fable lace face licks fix lax fax lake fake
lame fame foam led fed low foe lay Faye
vine line V Leigh vet let Vic lick Vaughan lawn vie lie vein lane
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lick sick line sign leap seep lei say link sink leak seek light sight let set
lake sake lead seed lay say low sew lie sigh lap sap lag sag luck suck
limb sim Leigh sea look sook light sight lip sip law saw lute suit lit sit
leek seek lax sacks licks six lash sash lamb Sam lank sank
loot zoot Lou zoo lead zed Leigh Z lack Zach lone zone lip zip lit zit
Len Zen
line shine lot shot leap sheep lop shop lark shark lei shea lane Shane
leaf sheaf lick Schick low show Lou shoe lie shy lag shag Leigh she
look shook lip ship lose shoes lake shake lute shoot lair leek chic
Lynne shin lamb sham lank shank lard shard
rule rouge bale beige
lick thick long thong link think lank thank law thaw latch thatch leaf
thief lawn thorn
Leigh thee lie thy lay they lair their Len then
he Leigh hi lie hot lot hop lop hip lip heap leap hug lug hatch latch hair
lair horn lawn hit lit hay lay hoe low hook look hand land hate late
who Lou half laugh house louse home loam head lead horde lord hick
lick hank lank hush lush hock lock hull lull hoot lute
Lynne chin lick chick lose choose lip chip lop chop lane chain lair
chair limp chimp lamp champ lie chai lace chase lock choc look
chook link chink leak cheek
lot jot leap jeep lei J lane Jane let jet lay J low Joe lug jug lag Jag less
Jess limb Jim Leigh loss joss law jaw lute jute lax jacks lamb jam log
jog
line mine lunch munch lop mop lark mark lei May lane mane louse
mouse link mink light might lace mace lick Mick let met late mate
lime mime low mow Lou moo lie my lap map lug mug less mess luck
muck Leigh me loss moss lake make lone moan lit mitt lax Max licks
mix lash mash log mog lice mice
light night lock knock line nine lap nap low no lot knot lame name lei
neigh let net lip nip low know life knife lice nice
will wing rill ring till ting kill king swill swing still sting lull lung bill
Bing
lamp ramp lace race lake rake leaf reef lock rock light right load road
line rhyme lane rain lamb ram lead read look rook
lead weed lock wok lick wick light white lyre wire lake wake link
wink lead wed let wet late wait leap weep life wife lip whip lei way
line wine leak week lay weigh leak weak
lamb yam lei yay lute ute lawn yawn less yes lard yard lot yacht let yet
lap yap
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rabbit rack rag Rah raid rail rain rake ramp rand rank ranks rap rare rash rat rate rave
reach real reap red reef reek reel rest rig right rile rill ring rink roach road roast rock rocket
rod roll Rome roo rook roos root rope rose
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peach reach pane rain peep reap pink rink peak reek pack rack pail rail
peel reel pat rat peck wreck pest rest post roast pig rig pocket rocket
pool rule pa Rah pug rug Pope rope pen wren pestle wrestle pie rye
Ping ring pod rod pose rose
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bow row buy rye boo roo bed red bug rug book rook back rack bun run
buck ruck bag rag right bite beach reach bap rap bale rail beam boy
Roy bench wrench bough row bust rust boast roast best rest bag rag
big rig beep reap bung rung
teach reach teak reek tack rack tail rail test rest toast roast tool rule
toes rose ta Rah tug rug ten wren tie rye toe row tag rag two roo Ted
red toad road
row dough rye die roo do red dead ruck duck rail dale roar door ray
day rate date rug Doug rig dig rust dust reap deep
kale rail keel reel cat rat coast roast cash rash cook rook coal roll cane
rain car Rah king ring code road cake rake case race camp ramp coach
roach kite right cut rut cot rot
go row guy rye goo roo gun run gag rag gale rail got rot gig rig gave
rave gill rill goal roll gate rate guest rest gust rust give gap wrap rain
gain
fan ran fig rig feel reel fat rat fair rare foal roll fight right fun run feed
read fox rocks fête rate face race fax racks fake rake fail rail foam
Rome fed red foe row funny runny fade raid Faye ray
van ran vole roll veal reel veil rail vial rile vote wrote vie rye vow row
vest rest vat rat vein rain
sail rail seal reel sand rand sash rash sew row soap rope sing ring sink
rink sack rack sock rock sale rail sip rip
roo zoo room zoom red zed rack Zach wrap zap root zoot wren Zen
writ zit rest zest ring zing ripper zipper rink zinc rip zip
rain Shane reap sheep reek chic rack shack rail shale rye shy rod shod
rose shows rare share run shun rake shake red shed row show raid
shade ray shea rue shoe rut shut roos shoes reef sheaf rook shook rag
shag rot shot root shoot
Rick thick wrong thong rink think raw thaw reef thief ranks thanks
rank yank
rose those ray they rare their row though rat that ran than wren then
heap reap hail rail heel reel hat rat host roast hug rug hen wren hose
rose hand rand hash rash hoe row hook rook habit rabbit head red hi
rye hole roll hope rope hush rush hut rut hot rot hay ray
chew roo chat rat chain rain chase race chink rink chime rhyme chook
rook chink rink chai rye chip rip cheep reap chair rare chest rest chose
rose chum rum choose roos
rain Jane reap jeep rack jack rail gaol/jail rest jest rig jug Rah jar rug
jug wren Jen rust just ran Jan racks jacks rake Jake row Joe raid jade
ray J raw jaw rut jut rag Jag rot jot root jute
rain mane rink mink rack Mac rail mail reel meal rat mat roast most rig
Mig rug mug rope mope wren men rust must rye my ring Ming ran
man rare mare right might read mead rate mate race mace rake make
row mow runny money raid maid ray May rue moo wrap map rung
mung ruck muck rile mile rush mush rash mash rut mutt rhyme mime
rack knack rail nail reel kneel rat gnat wreck neck rope nope wrestle
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nestle rod nod rose nose ran Nan right night run nun read need rocks
knocks Rome gnome red Ned row no ray neigh rest nest wrap nap rile
Nile rash gnash raw gnaw rut nut rook nook rag nag rot knot
lamp ramp lace race lake rake leaf reef lock rock light right load road
line rhyme lane rain lamb ram lead read look rook
rock wok rag wag rig wig rake wake ring wing rink wink run one reel
wheel red wed
ray yay rue U root ute rot yacht rap yap rack yak ram yam
one wag wage walk wall wane ward warn wart watt wave Wayne ways weak wear wee
weed week weep west whack whale what wheat wheel wheeze when whip whirl white why
wick wife wig will win wind wine wink wipe woe wok woke wonder woo wool word worm
worn worse worst wow Y
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purse worse page wage pig wig pearl whirl pine wine peel wheel pick
wick perm worm Paul wall pull wool pave wave
bow wow bow woe buy why boo woo bed wed back whack bun one
bag wag bite white bale whale bough wow burst worst best west big
wig beep weep ball wall bill will bead weed bin win bull wool beet
wheat bees wheeze bear wear Ben when bead weed bind wind
why tie win tin woe toe wipe type one ton wag tag white tight whale
tail west test wall tall wick tick wed Ted wheat teat wake take wheeze
Ts whip tip week teak wheel teal
dye why din win dot what dip whip deep weep den when dig wig dine
wine deal wheel Dick wick Dave wave dough woe do woo dead wed
done one dale whale deed weed dill will din win Ds wheeze dock wok
dial while
cow wow coo woo kite white kale whale keep weep call wall kill will
kin win keys wheeze care wear Ken when kind wind cot watt cage
wage curl pearl key wee kick wick cord ward
go woe guy why goo woo gun one gag wag gale whale got what gig
wig gave wave gill will ghee wee gall wall gill will
foe woe fed wed fun one fight white fail whale first worst fig wig fall
wall fill will feed weed fin win full wool feet wheat fees wheeze find
wind feel wheel fork walk
vow wow vie why veil whale verse worse vest west Vs wheeze
Vaughan warn V wee vet wet vine wine vein Wayne vein wane
sow wow sew woe sigh why Sue woo said wed sack whack sun one
sag wag sight white sale whale seep weep Saul wall sill will seed weed
seat wheat Cs wheeze seed weed sip whip sage wage son won save
wave sick wick sock wok C wee say weigh sword ward seat wheat
sign wine seek week soak woke sink wink
zoo woo Z wed Z wee Zach zest west Zs wheeze zip whip Zen when
zinc wink zit wit
wok shock well shell wall shawl whip ship wheat sheet wake shake
wed shed weep sheep wine shine wave shave Y shy wag shag win shin
wade shade whale shale
win thin wink think wart thought wick thick wonder thunder word
third war thaw worn thorn
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we thee why thy wheeze these woes those way they wear their woe
though when then where there
wok hock wall hall whip hip wheat heat wake hake wed head weep
heap wine Y hi whale hail woe hoe why high boo who will hill wheat
heat ways haze hose woes he wee hay way horn warn horde ward
wick chick win chin Wayne chain west chest whip chip walk chalk
weep jeep whale gaol/jail wig jig weigh J wet jet worm germ wade
jade
mow woe my why moo woo Mac whack mite white mail whale mall
wall mill will mead weed meat wheat Mick wick mock sock wok me
wee May weigh Maud ward mine wine Moke woke men when mink
wink meal wheel mile while maid wade mire wire
no woe knack whack night white nail whale nil will need weed neat
wheat Nick wick knock wok knee wee neigh weigh nine wine kneel
wheel Nile while now wow Ned wed nun sun one nag wag nurse
worse nip whip knees wheeze
lead weed lock wok lick wick light white lyre wire lake wake link
wink lead wed let wet late wait leap weep life wife lip whip lei way
line wine leak week lay weigh leak weak
rock wok rag wag rig wig rake wake ring wing rink wink run one reel
wheel red wed
way yay woo U wet yet ward yawn woo ewe wham yam whack yak
when yen what yacht
ewe U ute yabby yacht yak Yale yam yank yap yard yawl yawn yay ye year yell yellow yen
yes yet yeti yoke yolk you yum yurt
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pot yacht pen yen pay yay Pooh U pet yet pawn yawn Pam yam pack
yak
Ben yen bay yay boo you bet yet back yak Bess yes boot ute born
yawn bard yard yank lank
tot yacht ten yen two U torn yawn tam yam tack yak Tess yes toot ute
tell yell tall yawl yank tank
yacht dot yen den yay day you do yet debt yawn dawn yam dam yell
dell yum dumb
yacht cot yen Ken yay K yawn corn ute coot yawl call yolk coke yurt
Kurt
yet get got yacht yes guess yawl gall yum gum year gear
fawn yawn fen yen fell yell folk yolk fall yawl Faye yay
Yale veil year veer yet vet yawn Vaughan
ute suit yell cell yap sap yum sum yak sack yay say yet set yam Sam
yolk soak U Sue ewe Sioux you sue
ute zoot yap zap yen Zen yak Zach
U shoe yell shell yawl shawl ewe shoe yurt shirt yawn shorn ute shoot
yak shack yabby shabby U shoe ewe shoo you choux yank shank
yay they yawn thorn yum thumb yanks thanks
thee ye they yay their year though yo
who you who ewe hear year hack yak hen yen hot yacht ham yam horn
yawn hay yay hoot ute hard yard hello yellow hurt yurt yank hank
j
ʧ
j
ʤ
j
m
j
n
j
l
j
r
j
w
ewe chew year cheer yellow cello yes chess
yay J yet jet yak jack yolk joke yam jam ute jute yeti jetty yacht jot
yell gel
moo ewe mellow yellow mess yes may yay met yet Mac yak Moke
yolk map yap
nap yap Nell yell knack yak neigh yay net yet knot yacht
lamb yam lei yay lute ute lawn yawn less yes lard yard lot yacht let yet
lap yap yank lank
ray yay rue U root ute rot yacht rap yap rack yak ram yam yank rank
way yay woo U wet yet warn yawn woo ewe wham yam whack yak
when yen what yacht
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Minimal Pairs Pronunciation Activities
A minimal pair is a pair of words which differ only in one sound. They are a great way to help your students become more aware of their problems with
pronunciation. For example, Spanish students often struggle with the pairs "sheet" and "seat", or "cat" and "cut". They can really improve their pronunciation by
practicing these pairs.
Note: these are short activities (5-15 minutes, depending on how much teacher input is necessary). They can focus on just two sounds (e.g. /s/ and /z/) or lots
of different sounds - it's up to you. There is also a list of minimal pairs here if you want some words to use with the activities.
I would also thoroughly recommend having a look at this book "Pronunciation Games" by Mark Hancock. The pronunciation journey activity is a terrific way to
practise minimal pairs - I wish I'd thought of it myself!
Idea 1: Number dictation
1
2
cut
cat
but
bat
uncle ankle
fun
fan
Write the minimal pairs on the board in a table, as in the example opposite. Drill the pronunciation around the class. Then, dictate four of the words, but tell
the students they only need to write the number, not the word. So, if you say "cut, but, ankle, fun" the students should write "1,1,2,1". Then the students work
in pairs - one dictates the words, the other says which number.
Idea 2: Silent dictation
Exactly as above, but instead of saying the word, you mouth it silently. Note this only works for words which occur in a different place in the mouth - sounds
like /p/ and /b/ will look pretty much the same when mouthed!
Idea 3: Vocab-Grab Game
Students work in groups of 3-4. Put a few minimal pairs on slips of paper (one word per paper) and give a set to each group. Then call out a word. The students
race to grab the correct word. Keep calling until there's none left. Then get the students working within their groups. One student calls out the words, the
others grab the word he/she said. Encourage lots of competition to keep them motivated.
Idea 4: Object Grab
Similar to the activity above, but less preparation. Each pair of students needs an object on the table between them (e.g. an eraser) - they compete against
their partner. Then tell the class which sound they are listening for (e.g. /b/). You call out a list of words ("vet, vote, big") and as soon as they hear that
sound, they grab the object - if they are right they get a point. You can use words other than minimal pairs for this.
Idea 5: Shouting Dictation
A bit noisy, but great to get students exaggerating the mouth shapes. Students work in pairs. Each student has a different set of words which they must dictate
to their partner. But, get them to stand on opposite sides of the room, so they must shout. Play background music to make it even more challenging.
Idea 6: Stand-up, sit down
As Idea 1, you put the table with your minimal pairs on the board. Assign each sound an action. For example, the sound /r/ could be "stand up", and the sound
/l/ could be "sit down". Then you call out the words, and the students should perform the action. The last student to do the correct action becomes 'caller' and
calls out the next word.
Idea 7: Minimal Pair Bingo
I hated bingo at school - I was too shy to draw attention to myself if I thought I'd won. But lots of students love it. Basically, students choose 9 words from the
minimal pairs you give and write them in a 3*3 square. You call out the words and they tick them off as they come up. If they think you've said all the words,
they shout "Bingo!"
Idea 8: Minimal Pair Exploration
You need two different minimal pairs for this (e.g. s + z, p + b). Put some words from each pair on the board and drill them. Assign each of the sounds a
direction (e.g. s=left, z=right, p=up, b=down). Draw a 5*5 grid on the board. Draw some obstacles and some treasure in the grid. Then give directions by saying
the words from the minimal pairs - students follow the directions and say where you end up. Then they draw their own grids and give directions to each other.
Idea 9: Minimal Pair Fruit Salad
You could use a few minimal pairs for this - one pair for each 6 - 8 students. Give each student a sound (e.g. for 18 students you could have three students
with /s/, three with /z/, three with /r/, three with /l/, three with /b/ and three with /v/). Students sit in a circle. Then you call out a word (e.g. 'right'), and
students who have their sound in that word (all the /r/ students) should stand and race to swap seats. You should try to steal one of the chairs, so one of the
students is left standing. That students then calls out another word and play continues.
Sponsors
Love it or hate it? Ask your partner which of these things they like. You partner should give reasons and
examples for their answers. babies long car journeys dogs dancing computer games buying presents
sunbathing watching sport on TV chocolate snow karaoke cocktails cigarette smoke the Internet
homework going to the dentist picnics / barbecues washing up flying beards Christmas Do you like long
car journeys? I don’t mind them. When I was a child, we visited my grandmother a lot. She lived 3 hours
away. We played lots of games in the car and always stopped for a picnic
somewhere.http://www.tinyteflteacher.co.uk Instructions for Teachers Level: Elementary to Upper
Intermediate, even FCE exam classes will benefit from this practice. You will need: a copy of the handout
for pairs/groups of three students Aim: to practise expressing likes/dislikes, focussing on both fluency
and accuracy. Procedure Possible expressions to pre-teach with this lesson, depending on the level of
your students: I love ... I really like ... I’m really into ... I’m really keen on ... I’m absolutely
obsessed with ... I quite like ... I don’t mind ... I don’t really like ... I’m not really into ... I’m not
really keen on ... I don’t like ... I hate ... I can’t stand ... I loathe ... I can’t bear ... After you have
studied expressions for likes/dislikes, give the discussion handout to students in pairs or threes. They
should ask each other about the words and give reasons for their answers. While you are monitoring,
note down mistakes with the expressions. Feedback My students (even at Upper Intermediate level)
always make the same mistakes with this language: I like the beards. (inappropriate use of “the” for
generalisations) I like do homework ( verb rather than verb-ing with like expressions). I like very
much dogs. (word order) Yes, I like. (missing out the object from the like expression). Follow-up:
Super-Speed Corrections Students should fire questions at their partner, as fast as possible. Their
partner must answer in full sentences using the expressions studied. E.g. - Do you like babies? - Yes, I
love them. - Do you like buying presents. - No, I don’t enjoy it. - Do you like sunbathing? - Yes, I love it. Do you like beards? - I don’t mind them.