Concept Map for DNA Chapter 12
Structure
Early Experiments
GENERAL
Griffith – how did his
experiment work, what did it
prove? What is transformation
Double helix
(monomer/polymer)
3 important functions of
DNA
Parts of nucleotide
Where is DNA in cell?
Oswald Avery – how did this
experiment work, what did it
confirm?
Backbone of molecule
Hydrogen bonding
DNA stores the codes for
making what?
Base pairing rules (ACTG)
What is a gene?
Hershey/Chase – experimental
design, bacteriophage, E. coli,
radioactive markers (isotopes),
two parts of a virus?
Sides of ladder/rungs
Why doesn’t DNA leave the
nucleus?
Chargaff – proportions of A=T
and C=G
Discovery of DNA
structure
•Watson and Crick
•Rosie Franklin
•X-ray Crystallography
DNA – Chapter 12
Replication
•Why replicate?
•Semi-conservative
•Identify parent and daughter
•Enzymes involved (3)
•Okazaki fragments
•3’ and 5’ – antiparallel
•Polymerase builds in 5’-3’
direction
•Replication fork
•Replication bubble
•Leading/Lagging strands
Concept Map for DNA and Protein Synthesis 13
Types of RNA
Translation
Uses mRNA formed during
What are the chemical
Central Dogma
differences between RNA and
DNA
Flow of genetic information
DNA to RNA to protein
Proteins carry out specific
functions in body, form
enzymes, responsible for visual
differences (phenotypes)
Gene holds the information for
making a specific protein?
How are genes expressed?
Protein
•Amino acids are monomers
(20 AAs) – chain of AAs is a
polypeptide
•Bond between amino acids
called peptide bond
•After protein is formed it is
shaped and folded in order to
carry out a specific function
tRNA-has anticodons on one
end and amino acids on other
mRNA-has codons (triplet
code) and uses U instead of T.
rRNA – ribosome made of
RNA and protein, large and
small subunits
DNA/Protein
Synthesis – Chap.
13
transcription
Where does translation
happen within the cell?
How does translation differ
from transcription
Three types of RNA come
together
Ribosome is protein
factory that combines
mRNA and tRNA
Translate genetic code
Identify amino acids
Transcription
•DNA to mRNA
•Enzyme is RNA polymerase
•Occurs in the nucleus
•Way for DNA to send genetic
codes
•mRNA is processed before
leaving nucleus
•What is the difference
between introns/exons?
•5’ cap and poly A tail
•Transcribe genetic code