Advanced Heat Pump Water
Heater Research
Conducted by WSU Energy Program
Funded by Bonneville Power
Administration
BPA Technology Innovation Project #292
1
RTF Presentation
October 16, 2013
Ken Eklund & Ben Larson
Purpose:
• To inform RTF of technology making a first appearance in
the region—through the work of BPA & NEEA.
• To obtain feedback from the RTF on the field study that is
just beginning.
• To discuss the approach and research plan for developing a
provisional UES and receive feedback on the process
– Potential for provisional measure in 2015
• Market-specific product, pricing, and servicing
– Proven measure may take longer
• To orient the project toward the potential for a provisional
UES when the manufacturer has a US product, pricing and
service capability—planned for early 2015.
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Current Status
Regional CO2 HPWH Research
• Lab test of Sanden French manufactured
unitary 40 gallon HPWH sponsored by NEEA
• Lab test of Sanden Australian manufactured
split 84 gallon HPWH sponsored by BPA
• Field test of 84 gallon split begun with Tacoma
Power on October 14th sponsored by BPA
• Demand Response assessment of Sanden
unitary and split systems currently underway
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BPA Project Overview
• CO2 refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater
manufactured by Sanden International
• Lab test to DOE and Northern Climate Specification
• Field test in partnership with:
Avista
Energy Trust of Oregon
Ravalli Electric Coop
Tacoma Power
– One install in each territory. 12-18 month monitoring.
• NEEA is also a contributing partner
4
BPA Project Team
WSU
• Ken Eklund, Principal Investigator
• David Hales, Field Monitoring Installation
Lab Test
• Ben Larson, Ecotope, Test Manager and Analyst
• Kumar Banerjee, Cascade Engineering, Lab Test
Director
Field Installation
• Mark Jerome, Fluid, System Installation Coordinator
BPA
• Kacie Bedney, Project Manager and COTR
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Sanden Split-System CO2 HPWH
Lab Findings
Lab Testing Performed at Cascade Engineering, Redmond WA.
Analysis and Slides Prepared by Ben Larson, Ecotope Inc.
October, 2013
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Photos
•
Outdoor Unit in the controlled test
chamber. The fluid lines connecting
this to the tank are filled with potable
water.
•
Indoor tank instrumented in lab
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Quick Specifications
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Equipment currently built and sold in Australia
Outdoor Unit Model: GAU-A45HPA
Power Input: 240V, 15 A circuit
Tank Model: GAU-315EQTA
Storage Capacity: 315L (83 gallons)
Tank Set Point: 65°C (149°F) – not adjustable
• Outdoor unit has a variable frequency drive compressor and fan.
• Water is heated at the outdoor unit. A pump circulates water from the
bottom of the tank, to the outdoor unit heat exchanger, heating the water
in one pass, and reinjecting the hot water near the top of the tank.
• No resistance heating element
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Custom Temperature Probe
TC6
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
TC1
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Performance vs. Temperature
Outside
Air Temperature (F)
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35
50
67
95
Energy Factor
(EF)
1.74
2.21
3.11
3.35
4.3
COP
2.1
2.75
3.7
4.2
5.0
•
Performance vs. Outside Temperature
5
•
4
Energy Factor
Output Capacity
(kW)
4.0
3.6
4.0
4.1
4.6
3
y = 0.0331x + 1.1958
Input Power
(kW)
1.9
1.3
1.1
0.97
0.93
Linear fit of EF to
temperature
Use TMY temperature bins to
calculate an annual EF:
Climate
Annual EF
Boise
2.9
1
Kalispell
2.6
0
Portland
3.0
Seattle
2.9
Spokane
2.8
2
0
20
40
60
80
Outside Temperature (F)
100
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3
1
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5
4
6
7
Outlet drops
below useful
temperature
2
Provides 7.5 showers of 8 mins at 120°F before outlet temperature drops.
In this test, we reduce hot water flow to compensate for higher stored temperature.
This assumes a tempering valve will be used. Has the effect of increasing storage
capacity and # showers delivered.
–
Tank setpoint of 120°F likely to deliver 5.5-6 showers
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Lab Test Outputs & Summary Data
• Tank UA: 4 Btu/hr-F
– Comparable to other 80 gallon HPWH tanks
• Compressor Cutoff: Sanden reports operation at -4°F
• Calculated Northern Climate Specification EF: 3.2
– NC Spec requires EF>2.4 for Tier 3
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•
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First Hr Rating Test: 97.8 gallons
# Efficient Showers: 7.5
Tank storage volume: 84.7 gallons
Sound level: 48 dBA at 3ft away, 2ft high
– Current integrated HPWHs typically range 55-65dBA
– NC Spec requires dBA<55
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Installation-Tacoma-10-15-13
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Field Test Plan
• Research Questions
– How do these systems perform through the range of
temperature and humidity conditions at the test site
locations?
– What are the energy savings compared to electric
resistance water heaters used at the test sites during
the previous two or more years?
– What are the operational profiles of these systems?
How are these profiles impacted by site and use
specifics?
– How do the home occupants respond to these
systems?
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Project Timeline and Stage Gates
• Stage Gate 2: Review lab test results. Complete. September 30,
2013.
• Draft midterm report April 30, 2014—for data collected from
installation through March 2014.
• Stage Gate 3: Evaluation of field research at first midterm by May
31, 2014.
• Draft interim report August 31, 2014-- for data collected from April
1, 2014 through July 2014.
• Stage Gate 4: Evaluation of field research at second midterm by
September 30, 2014.
• Final field study report May 31, 2015
• Provisional UES measure to RTF late 2014 or early 2015
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Current BPA HPWH Research
TIP 262 PNNL:
Demonstration of 2nd generation prototype ducted GE “Brillion” hybrid
in the Lab Homes
 Performance with ducted exhaust
 Performance with ducted supply & exhaust
 Demand response characteristics
TIP 263 EPRI:
Development of next-generation HPWH:
 Modeling
 Prototyping
 Laboratory testing
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Current BPA HPWH Research
TIP 302 WSUEP:
Assessment of Demand Response Potential of HPWH – Sanden CO2
split system
Lab and field testing
Website for more information on TI projects:
http://www.bpa.gov/Doing%20Business/TechnologyInnovation/Pages/Technolo
gy-Innovation-Projects.aspx
Kacie Bedney, BPA Project Manager
503.230.4631
kcbedney@bpa.gov
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Additional Slides
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TC6
TC5
TC4
TC3
TC2
TC1
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