Section V
Getting the Job Done…
Through Others
Chapter 13
Deploying Law Enforcement
Resources and Improving Productivity
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Deploying Personnel
• Police logs
• Shifts
• Proportionate assignment
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Response Time
• Rapid yet safe.
• Builds public confidence in law enforcement.
• Officers arrive at scene before evidence is
destroyed.
• Officers provide emergency aid to crime victims.
• Increases chances of locating witnesses and
making arrests.
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Differential Police Response
Strategies Model
• A set of characteristics to define an incident type
• A time factor to identify the relationship between the
time the incident occurred and the time the police
received the call
• A full range of response strategies, going from an
immediate response by a sworn officer to no response,
with numerous alternatives in between
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Kinds of Patrol
• Random preventative patrol
– Puts officers closer to any potential incidents or requests
for service before they happen
– Based on experiential data, but without any pattern
– Provides police presence and reduces response time
• Directed aggressive patrol
– Prevents and detects crime by focusing on problem
areas and investigating suspicious activity
– Officers build an intelligence base of their beat
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Findings of the Kansas City
Preventive Patrol Experiment
• Increasing or decreasing routine preventive patrol
had no effect on
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Crime
Citizen fear of crime
Community attitudes toward the police
Police response time
Traffic accidents
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Methods of Patrol
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Automobile
Bicycle
Motorcycle
Foot patrol
Air
Mounted
Water
Special-terrain
Segway
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Involving Citizens While Expanding
the Law Enforcement Personnel Pool
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Citizen police academies
Citizens on patrol
Reserves
Volunteers
Explorers
Civilianization
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Deploying Resources to Fight Crime
• Mapping crime
– Hot spots: occur in certain geographic areas.
• The crime triangle
– Three elements: motivated offender, suitable victim and
adequate location are required for a crime to occur.
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Deploying Resources in Emergencies
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Predisaster plans
Available assistance
Responding to an emergency
After the emergency
Cross-trained responders and an all-hazards
approach
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Strategic Goals of Homeland Security
• Prevention of terrorist attacks
• Protection from terrorist attacks
• Response to and recovery from terrorist attacks
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The USA PATRIOT Act
• Allows investigators to use the tools already available to
investigate organized crime and drug trafficking
• Facilitates information sharing and cooperation among
government agencies so they can better “connect the dots”
• Updates the law to reflect new technologies and new threats
• Increases the penalties for those who commit or support
terrorist crimes
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Local Police and Terrorism
• The first line of defense against terrorism is the
local patrol officer in the field.
• Local police
– Add the critical elements of speed, resources and
numbers to any situation
– Are able to deploy rapidly and can quickly summon more
forces if needed
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Phases of Homeland Security
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Mitigation (lessening the threat)
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
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Law Enforcement Productivity
• Measured by the quality and quantity of services
provided
• Traditional measurement methods:
– Arrests, stops, traffic citations, the value of recovered
property and reduction of crashes and crime
– Law enforcement officers do not have control over them.
• Quotas vs. performance standards
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Symptoms of Productivity Problems
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High absenteeism and turnover
High levels of waste
High accident rates
Unreasonable complaints and grievances
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Improving Productivity
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Training and experience
Rewards and incentives
Improved equipment
Technology
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Leadership, Discipline, Motivation
and Morale Revisited
• The quality of management is the single most
important factor for high productivity and morale.
• Leadership, discipline, motivation and morale are
integrally related.
© 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning